Maps of countries in high resolution. Colorful political map of the world in English

Modern political map peace- these are geographical photographs that bring together all the countries of the planet, their form of government and government structures. A comprehensive image of countries fully shows important political and geographical changes: the emergence of new countries, their connection and division, changes in status, changes in area, loss or acquisition of sovereignty, changes in capitals, their renaming, modification of the type of government, etc.
The map is depicted in different ways. In some versions, it may have an addition - displaying the relief of the Earth's surface. This is the most dynamic type of map, reflecting geographical and political changes. Therefore, Voweb invites visitors to familiarize themselves with newest edition, revealing current changes over the past decade.

Political map in Russian on the website

Three stages in creating a modern political map

The image of the planet that appears before us today is the result of long-term changes. Political geographic map was formed over decades, and its process consisted of three stages:

• The end of World War 1, which marked the beginning of the founding of the RSFSR (later the Soviet Union of Socialist Republics), Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire
• The end of World War 2: Germany disintegrated into the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany, the creation of the socialist republic of Cuba, the emergence of other countries in Oceania, Africa, Latin America and Asia
• 1991 - collapse of the USSR

At the third stage, after the split Soviet Union, many countries joined the CIS. Since the end of 1990, the Federal Democratic Republic and the German Democratic Republic have reunited into a single Germany, Czechoslovakia has broken up into the Czech and Slovak Republics, and Hong Kong has returned to the People's Republic of China, which previously belonged to Great Britain.

Free interactive political map of the world online

Online resources offer to buy a card. The Voweb website provides the opportunity to use a political-geographical map completely free of charge. The pictures are interactive, move or shift them in different directions, examining the areas of interest.
Develop your knowledge, learn new and interesting things. Woweb is constantly working to improve the service, offering modern political maps in high resolution in Russian.

A world map is, in fact, a spread of a globe - a model of our planet Earth. Accordingly, the image reflects the objective reality given to us, in sensations. Politically charged territories, the contours of which can be observed through a camera attached to an orbital station.

Detailed interactive world map in Russian
(to change the image scale, use the + and - icons)

The Google Earth service provides the opportunity to find a map of any city in the world online.

To move around the map, zoom in and out of the map, change the image angle, use the navigation in the form of arrows and + and – signs at the top of the map. Also try controlling the card by holding right button mice.

Enter the name of the city:

For ease of finding coordinates, the world map is usually divided into parallels and meridians.
Since the planet has the shape of a geoid - slightly flattened at the poles, the meridian is 40008.6 km long, and the equator is 40075.7 km long.
The surface of the planet has 510100000 square meters. km. Sushi - 149,000,000, and water - 361,000,000 sq. km. Round numbers give rise to thoughts of miracle, eternity and divine providence... however, everything is much more prosaic - a meter is one forty millionth of the Parisian meridian. Here is the result of all the roundness.

The planet's landmass is divided into several well-known continents; it is worth clarifying that Eurasia is a separate continent, otherwise, to the point of gray hair, many people hold Europe as separate, whereas it is just “part of the world.”
Four oceans, an even simpler thing. You can ask any child which tourist forgot. The deepest ocean is the Pacific. Its record depth is created by the legendary Mariana Trench... no, not a trench - worse, a trench descending to a depth of 11,022 meters. They've been dumping there for many decades radioactive waste all the powers of the world, as well as chemical and bacteriological weapon. So the real hell is wet and there it is.
Now more cheerful - the highest part of the Earth is a high stone peak in the Himalayas. Everest or Chomolungma, whichever you prefer, is 8848 meters high. But after the legless invalid Mark Inglis conquered it, the mountain shredded. For healthy people it became an ordinary event.
The most big lake– Caspian. It’s so big that it’s long since been forgotten that the lake is called a sea. Well, that’s what they wanted – 371,000 kilometers. You need a patch the size of one and a half England to close such a hole in the surface.
Most big Island- Greenland. 2,176,000, could take an example from the Caspian and call itself a continent. But it’s too stupid - almost all under a layer of ice. It belongs to Denmark, so if it thaws, the size of the Viking state will increase dramatically.

1. MODERN POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD

1.1. Modern political map of the world

What information does a political map of the world convey?

· A political map of the World - This is a geographical map that shows territories, borders, Largest cities all states of the world.

The main objects of the political map of the world are countries, territories and their borders.

· A country - territory, having certain borders, enjoying state sovereignty or being under the authority of another state and deprived of state independence (colonies, trust territories).

Today on the political map of the world there are 193 independent states a: 43 in Europe (including Russian Federation); 48 in Asia (including the Palestinian State); 53 in Africa (without Western Sahara, the status of which is subject to regulation in accordance with the relevant decisions of the UN and the Organization of African Unity (OAU); 35 in the Americas; 14 states in Australia and Oceania.

· State - political form of organization of society. The main features of the state: 1) the presence of bodies exercising supreme power, extending to the entire population; 2) the presence of a right-set generally binding rules behavior established by the state; 3) the presence of a certain territory over which the power and jurisdiction of a given state extends.

Each country has its own characteristics economic-geographical location (EGP), which is understood as the country’s position in relation to the centers of the world economy, raw materials and sales markets.

The process of state formation lasted several millennia. Some states (Egypt, China) have about 6 thousand years of history, others a little more than 200 years (USA). Some modern states in their current form have existed for less than 15 years (Eritrea, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, etc.).

The process of forming the political map of the world also goes back several thousand years. Its beginning is associated with the period of the primary stages of the social division of labor, the emergence private property, which determined the social stratification of society. Its further deepening led to the intensification of state building and the struggle for the redistribution of spheres of influence. Change social formations determined the boundaries of the main stages in the formation of the political map of the world. Among them:

1. Ancient - up to 5 v. AD, is characterized by the formation and development of such largest centers civilizations like Egypt, China, India, Mesopotamia. Many states ancient world originated in the Mediterranean and are associated with the heyday of Greece, Rome and Carthage.

2. Medieval - covers approximately V-XVI centuries. arises in Europe a large number of feudal states, trade ties between them are strengthening, territorial claims of feudal states to each other lead to numerous military conflicts. At this time, Byzantium, the Holy Roman Empire, Kievan Rus, Moscow State, Portugal, Spain, England.

3. New - formation of a modern political map: ( From the 16th century to the end of the First World War) - corresponds to the entire era of the birth, rise and establishment of capitalism, the formation of the colonial empire. Thus, in 1876, only 10% of the territory of Africa belonged to Western European countries, while in 1900 it was already 90%.

4. Newest - from 1914 to the second half of the 90s. 20th century - associated with two wars, October Revolution in Russia, the formation of socialist and capitalist camps, with political and economic confrontation between them. This stage also includes the collapse colonial empires Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, USA, Japan and a number of other metropolises, resulting in Asia, Africa and Latin America More than 100 new independent states emerge.

5. Modern - from 1990 to the present day. TO the most important events This period, which radically changed the political map of the world, includes:

· Crash socialist camp;

· Collapse of the USSR into 15 sovereign states;

· Reunification of Germany with the GDR;

· The collapse of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia and the formation of seven independent states on their territory (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia).

· Separation of the independent state of Eritrea from Ethiopia;

· Reunification of Hong Kong with the PRC;

· Disintegration of Serbia and Montenegro into two independent states.

1.2. Diversity of countries of the world. Political system

When studying the political map of the world, various criteria are used to group states into groups. The most common of them are indicators characterizing the country:

1. by territory size:

· The largest(more than 3 million sq. km)- Russia, Canada, USA, China, India;

· Large (1-3 million sq. km) - Argentina, Mexico, Mongolia, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia;

· Average(less than 1 million sq. km)- Great Britain, Germany, Poland, Japan, Türkiye;

· Dwarf (less than 0.01 million sq. km)- Vatican, Andorra, Monaco, Liechtenstein, San Marino.

2. by population - the largest (million people) are China (1280), India (1045), USA (287), Indonesia (217), Brazil (174), Pakistan (148), Russia (145), Bangladesh (134), Nigeria ( 130), Japan (127).

3. by national composition of the population -single and multinational;

4. according to the characteristics of the geographical location -coastal, inland, island, peninsular, archipelagic countries.

Countries are also grouped according to political grounds, How political system (monarchies and republics), administrative-territorial structure (unitary, federal, confederal).

If the unification of states is based on qualitative characteristics, then they speak of typologies countries

· Economically developed- approximately 60 countries of the world.

1) "Big Seven" - USA, Japan, Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Canada - these countries account for about 50% of the world's GDP.

2) Smaller countries- The countries of Western Europe - their economic potential is noticeably lower, but in terms of GDP per capita, these countries are not inferior to the G7.

3) Countries of “settler capitalism” - Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Israel.

Developing countries- include more than 150 countries, home to about 70% of the world's population. This group is divided into:

1) Key countries – India, Brazil, Mexico, which have significant natural, human and economic potential, but in terms of GDP per capita are significantly inferior developed countries.

2) Less developed countries of Latin America0 Asia and North Africa, whose GDP per capita exceeds 1 thousand dollars - Chile, Peru, Egypt, Tunisia.

3) Newly industrialized countries - Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, etc., achieved economic growth at the end of the 20th century.

4) Oil exporting- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, etc., where, thanks to the influx of “petrodollars,” the per capita GDP indicator reaches the level of developed countries.

5) Lagging countries which are characterized by a multi-structured economy with strong feudal remnants and where the per capita GDP indicator does not reach 1 thousand dollars per year - Kenya, El Salvador, etc.

6) Least developed (poorest) countries, where consumer agriculture predominates, industry and services are practically absent, and GDP per capita is 100-300 dollars per year - Afghanistan, Nepal, Ethiopia, etc.

In this typology, it is very difficult to determine the place of post-socialist states, which in many indicators are not inferior to developed countries, but have a rather low GDP per capita. That is why countries such as Russia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, etc., are often identified as a special type. countries with economies in transition .

GDP (gross domestic product) -the total value of goods and services produced within a country at market prices for a certain period.

There are only two forms of government in the world - monarchical and republican.

· Monarchy - a form of government in which supreme power belongs to the monarch - king, duke, sultan, emir, prince and is inherited. There are 30 monarchies in the world.

Monarchies are:

1. Absolute - the power of the monarch is unlimited.

2. Constitutional - the power of the monarch is limited by the Constitution.

3. Theocratic - a form of government of the monarch when he is simultaneously the head of state and the head of the church.

· Republic - a form of government in which the highest legislative power belongs to the elected representative body- parliament, and executive branch belongs to the government. More than 140 countries in the world are republics. Republics are divided into presidential ones, in which the president is vested with great powers and heads the government, and parliamentary ones, in which the main figure is the head of government, not the president. Presidential republics are: USA, Brazil, Argentina, Russia, etc., Parliamentary republics - Germany, Italy, India, Israel, etc. Socialist republics are – China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam.

· A rare form of government are states within the Commonwealth. There are only 15 such countries. The formal head of state is the Queen of Great Britain, who is represented by the Governor General. These countries are former dominions of Great Britain (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, etc.).

In addition, the form of administrative-territorial structure can be unitary and federal.

· Unitary state - this is a form of administrative-territorial structure of the country in which the country has a single, indivisible executive and legislature.

· Federal State – has a form of administrative-territorial structure of the country in which, along with unified (federal) laws and authorities, there are separate self-governing units (republics, lands, states, brands, etc.) that have their own legislative, executive and judicial authorities.

After the Second World War, the following were reflected on the political map of the world: important processes, such as the formation of a number of socialist states, the collapse of the colonial system and the emergence of dozens of liberated countries, the growth of the non-aligned movement. But the main content of everything post-war period amounted to global confrontation East and West, " cold war"between them. Numerous military-political alliances emerged, including two main ones: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO). IN different parts globe Hundreds of military bases were created, and every now and then fires broke out local wars. Numerous centers of international tension and regional conflicts have emerged on the political map of the world.

Throughout the entire post-war period, the main " hot spot"remains Near East, including the area Persian Gulf. And not last role The historical interweaving of cultures and religions plays into this. Here the interests collide not only Arab countries and Israel, but also other states.

In the second half of the 1980s, international relations marked a transition from confrontation to mutual understanding and cooperation. Good neighborliness began to replace mistrust, suspicion and hostility. Nowadays this applies to relations between Russia, the CIS and the USA, between the countries of Europe, the Asia-Pacific region (APR) and other regions. The political map of the world reflects such important processes and phenomena as the unification of Germany, the formation of the CIS, the beginning of real disarmament, the dissolution of the Department of Internal Affairs, the proclamation by NATO countries of the Partnership for Peace program, in which our country participates. By political means it was possible to untie the tight knots of many regional conflicts.

As a result international tension has subsided, the world has become calmer and safer. The United Nations (UN), which includes 185 countries, plays a great role in defusing tensions.

All changes occurring on the political map of the world are studied by a new branch of social and economic geography - political geography(geopolitics). Her areas of interest include: features of social and political system, forms of government and administrative-territorial division, internal and foreign policy, political-geographical position of countries, assessment of borders and border areas, assessment of borders and border areas, geographical differences in the social class structure of the population, religious, national composition population, etc. the main task – geography study international relations, the balance of power between the great powers.

Political map of the world - a geographical map reflecting the countries of the world, their form of government and government structure. The political map reflects the main political and geographical changes: the formation of new independent states, changes in their status, mergers and divisions of states, loss or acquisition of sovereignty, changes in the area of ​​states, replacement of their capitals, changes in the names of states and capitals, changes in forms government etc.

In a broad sense, the political map of the world is not only state borders countries, plotted on a cartographic basis. It carries information about the history of formation political systems and states, on the relationship between states in modern world, about the uniqueness of regions and countries in their political structure, about the influence of the location of countries on their political structure and economic development.

At the same time, the political map of the world is historical category, since all changes are reflected on it political structure and state boundaries resulting from various historical events.

Colorful political map of the world in English

All changes that have occurred on the political map for long history its formations are of a different nature. Among them there are quantitative and qualitative changes. Quantitative ones include: annexation of newly discovered lands; territorial gains or losses during wars; unification or disintegration of states; concessions or exchanges between countries of land areas. Other changes are qualitative. They consist in the historical change of socio-economic formations; the country's acquisition of political sovereignty; introduction of new forms of government; formation of interstate political unions, the appearance and disappearance of “hot spots” on the planet. Often quantitative changes are accompanied by qualitative ones. Latest events in the world show that quantitative shifts on the political map are increasingly giving way to qualitative ones, and this leads to the understanding that instead of war - the usual means of resolving interstate disputes - the path of dialogues, peaceful settlement of territorial disputes and international conflicts comes to the fore.

Political map of the world before the collapse of the USSR in Russian

Large detailed political map of the world in Russian

Political map of the world 2012

Political map of the world with real proportions of state areas

Political map of the world in Ukrainian

Large political map of the world

Political map of the world (Russian)

Map of dependent territories of the world

Very large and detailed political map of the world - Wikiwand Very large and detailed political map of the world

Old school, nostalgic political map of the world

Political World Map in English - Political World Map English

Political world map (relief) - Wikiwand Political world map (relief)

Political / Physical Map of the World

Political World Map - Political World Map

Political map of the Earth - Wikiwand Political map of the Earth

Political world map in Russian - Political World Map

Political World Map - Political World Map

Political World Map - Political World Map

According to experts, in soon The political map of the world will undergo major changes. The trend toward an increase in the number of states based on ethnic principles continues. At the same time, state borders that do not correspond to the nations living within them will lose their meaning. On the other hand, international political alliances will play an even more important role.