History is a powerful factor in the education of conscious patriotism.
To belittle your history and forget it means to spit on the graves of your ancestors who fought for their native land...
V. Pikul
Kulikovo Field, Poltava Field, Borodino - covered with the glory of Russian weapons, which gave birth to freedom and power of our country. All of them have become majestic memorials to history.
At all times, the Russian people came out as a single friendly family to expel the greedy conquerors who came to our land, and were staunch defenders of their native home - the Russian land.
The development and formation of the Russian Armed Forces is inextricably linked with the history of the Russian state.
For many years, the Russian people constantly had to wage armed struggle, defending their lands from foreign invaders. In the period from the XIV to the XVII centuries. There is practically not a single year of peace when the borders of the Russian state would be calm and there would be no need to repel the enemy. Therefore, the state was in constant readiness for war, and its structure met this requirement
“Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword.
This is where the Russian land stood and will stand.”
Alexander Nevskiy
HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Lesson plan:
- Organization of the armed forces of the Moscow state in the XIV-XV centuries.
- Military reform of Ivan the Terrible in the middle of the 16th century.
- Military reform of Peter I in the first quarter of the 18th century, the creation of a regular army and navy.
- Military reforms of 1860-1870 under the leadership of Minister of War D.Yu. Milyutin, their features.
- Military reforms of 1905-912 and their features.
Working with a table
Working on definitions
MILITARY REFORM OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE
1550 – 1571 G.G.
The origins of the military organization in our Fatherland go back to the reign of Ivan III the Great (1462-1505), who began the massive distribution of land plots and estates to the servants of the princely court, as well as free people, subject to their service, that is, marked the beginning of the formation serviceman nobility.
The efforts of Ivan III to create a strong military organization of the Russian state were continued by Ivan IV, who created one of the largest armies in Europe - 250-300 thousand people (about 3% of the population of Rus').
In the period from 1550 to 1571. Ivan the Terrible carried out military reforms, which began with a decree of October 3, 1550 on the division of lands around Moscow by 1000 landowners who occupied key command positions in the army.
Main content:
- creation of the Streltsy army.
Local army(noble cavalry, which formed the main branch of the Russian army in the 15th-17th centuries) had the character of a militia.
Organizationally, it was divided into hundreds. All owners of estates and estates fit for service, according to the Code of Service of 1556, went on a campaign with their horses, supplies and weapons and fielded 1 armed warrior for every 50 acres of land that belonged to them. Reorganized by Peter I in 1701 into regular regiments of dragoons.
Streletsky army- the first standing army in the Russian state of the mid-16th - early 18th centuries. It was staffed by the free urban and rural non-taxable (tax-free) population, was armed with arquebuses and reeds, and was governed by governors. Organizationally, it consisted of “devices” (detachments), then orders (500-1000 people each), and from 1681 - regiments, and was under the jurisdiction of the Streletsky Order.
In the 80s of the 17th century it was reorganized in the image of the “new order” regiments. Disbanded by decree of Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century.
1ST QUARTER
The regular Russian army was created under Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century. Its creation was facilitated by the defeat of Russian troops in 1700 near Narva in a battle with the Swedish army. Streltsy regiments and noble cavalry showed their complete helplessness. The Russian army lost more than 6 thousand people and all artillery near Narva.
Peter I introduced a new army recruitment system. It began to be carried out on the principle of recruitment, when 10-20 peasant households, by lot, supplied one person for lifelong military service. The introduction of conscription allowed Peter I to significantly increase the number of standing troops. The officer corps of the Russian army consisted of nobles; for them, public service was mandatory and lifelong. To receive an officer rank, a nobleman had to serve as a soldier in the Guards regiments - Preobrazhensky or Semenovsky.
In terms of organization, armament, and combat training, the reforms of Peter I brought the Russian army to one of the first places in Europe.
Main content:
- introduction of recruitment;
- creation of a regular army;
- military training;
- creation of the Russian fleet.
MILITARY REFORM
1860-70'S
Transformation in the Russian armed forces under the leadership of Minister of War D. A. Milyutin. They had the goal of creating a mass army and eliminating the military backwardness of Russia, revealed in the Crimean War of 1853-56.
In 1874, a new Charter on military service was approved.
From that time on, army recruitment was abolished in Russia and universal military service was introduced, which extended to the male population of all classes and estates who had reached the age of 21. The total service life was set at 15 years: 6 years of which were spent in active military service, and 9 years in reserve. Particular attention was paid to improving the professional training of officers. Literacy among soldiers was recognized as essential, so teaching them to read and write became mandatory.
Main content:
- professional training;
- literacy training for soldiers;
- rearmament of the army.
D. A. Milyutin recalled:
“My most notorious enemies had to admit that never before had the Russian army arrived at the theater of war so well prepared and equipped.”
Military-judicial reforms of 1860-1870 contributed to the strengthening of the Russian army.
MILITARY REFORM
1905-1912'S
After the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the government of Nicholas II took measures to revive the combat power of the Russian armed forces. This was forced by the difficult international situation.
The First World War was approaching, which began on July 19, 1914. Germany declared war on Russia, and after it, France. Within days of this, the main European states entered the war. The First World War became another heroic and at the same time tragic page for the history of Russia and its armed forces.
Main content:
- service life has been reduced;
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Year of reforms |
Head of ongoing reforms |
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Ivan groznyj |
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YES. Milyutin |
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Nicholas II |
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Working with a table
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Definition |
Correct answer |
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A nobleman obliged to perform military service for life was called... |
SERVANT |
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Auxiliary units consisting of peasants who were poorly armed and unsuitable for combat were called... |
MILITA |
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Infantry armed with arquebuses and reeds |
SAGITTARIUS |
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An armed army consisting of noble cavalry was called ... army |
LOCAL |
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A regiment of soldiers consisting of Russian people, in which the officers were foreigners in Russian service, was called a regiment ... formation |
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A man from a peasant household sent for lifelong military service was subjected to... recruitment |
RECRUIT |
Definitions. Right answers
Check yourself!
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noble formations regular army streltsy |
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Ivan III Peter I Ivan the Terrible Pavel I |
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Ivan the Terrible Peter 1 Catherine II Ivan III |
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Defeat in the Crimean War Civil Wars Victory in the Russian-Turkish War Russo-Japanese War |
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1918 1904 1874 |
Right answers
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The basis of the armed forces of the Moscow state in the 16th century were: |
noble formations regular army archers cavalry |
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The first permanent units of the Streltsy were formed during: |
Ivan III Peter I Ivan the Terrible Pavel I |
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The first regular army was created under: |
Ivan the Terrible Peter 1 Catherine II Ivan III |
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The main reason for the military reform carried out in the 60-70s. XIX century: |
Defeat in the Crimean War Civil Wars Victory in the Russian-Turkish War Russo-Japanese War |
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Date of introduction of universal military service in Russia: |
1918 1904 1874 |
Over the past 3,400 years, there have been only 250 years of peaceful life on earth. During this time, 15,000 wars occurred. Unfortunately, this situation does not change at the present stage. Humanity still resolves controversial issues using force and is in no hurry to disarm. Therefore, our state needs the army. But what it will be like depends, among other things, on you and me.
GOU NPO "PU No. 16"
Topic: “History of creation
Armed Forces
Russian Federation"
Origins of origin in our Fatherland
military organization go into the period
reign of Ivan III the Great (14621505),
who began mass distribution
land plots and estates for servants
princely court, as well as free
people, subject to their service,
those. marked the beginning of the formation
serving nobility.
The regular Russian army was created
under Peter I in the period from 1701 to 1711
The impetus to accelerate its creation
caused the defeat of Russian troops in
1700 near Narva from the Swedish army.
With the creation of the army, Peter I the Great introduced
new troop recruitment system
principle of recruitment, when 1020
peasant households by lot
supplied one person per
lifelong military service.
During this period on the Baltic Sea
a navy is being created. Introduced
constant training of regiments for tactics
battle. Troops were withdrawn to summer camps
for conducting bilateral combat
exercises. Creation of a regular army,
organization of her combat training
increased the combat power of the Russian army.
All this determined Russia's victory in
Northern War (1700-1721)
Since that time in Russia they have been abolished
recruitment into the army and introduced
universal conscription, which
extended to the male population
of all classes and estates, reaching
age 21 years. Total service life
installed for 15 years, of which 6 years
accounted for active military service
service, and 9 years - to remain in the reserve.
transformations in the army was her
rearmament. For use by the infantry
In 1891, a store was adopted
rifled five-shot Mosin rifle
An important part
caliber 7.62 mm. For service
artillery began to receive steel from
rifled barrel guns that had
longer firing range.
In the second half of the 19th century in Russia there was
transition from sailing to
steam armored fleet. By the end
century Russia had 107 combat
steam ships.
Russian-Turkish War 1877-1878
became a serious test
effectiveness of ongoing reforms and
ended in victory for the Russian army.
The October Revolution of 1917 destroyed
existing government structure
Russia and liquidated its armed forces.
To the Government of the Republic of Soviets
had to create new ones in the first months
armed forces - Red Guard -
armed groups of workers. Red
the guard was created on voluntary
started in March 1917 under the leadership
Bolsheviks, by the beginning of 1918 it
there were 460 thousand people. January 15
1918 a decree was adopted on the creation
WorkerPeasant Red Army
(RKKA), and on January 29, 1918 - about the organization
Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet.
The army and navy were created on voluntary
beginnings.
The international situation required
constant strengthening and
improvement of the armed forces.
World War II was approaching. In these
conditions of the Soviet government
took measures to strengthen
defense capability of the country. Number
armed forces grew steadily: in
1935 - 930 thousand, in 1938 1.5 million and so on
early 1941 – 5.7 million people.
Slide 1
History of the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Slide 2
Throughout the history of the Russian state, Russian people constantly had to wage an armed struggle, defending their lands from foreign invaders. In the history of the country in the period from the XIV to the XVII centuries. There is almost no time when all the borders of the state would be peaceful and there would be no need to repel the enemy.
Russia XIV - XVII centuries.
Slide 3
Militia
Moscow state in the 16th century. could have an army of 150-200 thousand soldiers. The combat units were joined by auxiliary units - militia (townspeople and peasants). The basis of the armed forces of the Moscow state during this period was formed by noble formations. Throughout their lives, nobles were required to perform military service; they were all considered service people from generation to generation, from grandfather to father, from father to son.
Noble formations
Slide 4
Ivan groznyj
A considerable part of the armed forces of the Moscow state were hired servicemen who received not estates, but cash salaries. Among them, the most numerous were the archers - infantry armed with arquebuses and battle axes (berdysh). The first permanent units of the Streltsy were formed under Ivan the Terrible (around 1550).
Sagittarius
Slide 5
Reitar Regiment
In the second half of the XV - early XVII centuries. The Russian army improved its organizational structure, it began to be divided into regiments. The role of the Ministry of Defense in the Moscow State was played by the Discharge Order. In the period 1632-1634. regiments of a new system appeared in the Moscow state. A Reitar regiment numbering up to 2 thousand was formed from Russian people (Reitars are a type of heavy cavalry.)
Bit order
Slide 6
Government Senate. Military Collegium
The regular Russian army was created under Peter I in the period from 1701 to 1711 (the impetus for accelerating its creation was the defeat at Narva). The new system of recruiting troops is the principle of recruiting. The Government Senate and the Military Collegium subordinate to it (the prototype of the Ministry of Defense) began to be in charge of matters relating to the army. The creation of a regular army and the organization of its combat training increased the combat power of the Russian army. All this determined Russia's victory in the Northern War (1700-1721).
Slide 7
Catherine II
The reign of Catherine II. - The Military Collegium ceased to depend on the Senate and gradually turned into a Ministry of War. The talented commander of Catherine's times, Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev.
P.A.Rumyantsev
Slide 8
Mosin rifle
Minister of War Dmitry Alekseevich Milyutin. 1874 - a new Charter on military service was approved. In 1891, a repeating rifled five-shot Mosin rifle of 7.62 mm caliber was adopted for infantry service in 1891. Steel guns with a rifled barrel, which had a greater firing range, began to enter service with the artillery.
D.A. Milyutin
Slide 9
Red Guard
After the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the government of Nicholas II took measures to revive the combat capabilities of the Russian armed forces. In the first months of Soviet power, its armed support was the Red Guard. On January 15, 1918, a decree was adopted on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and on January 29, 1918, on the organization. February 23 began to be celebrated as the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy, and since 1992 as the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland.
Slide 10
The Second World War. Navy.
The Second World War was approaching. Under these conditions, the Soviet government took measures to strengthen the country's defense capability. In 1937, the Navy was separated from the Red Army. The Navy at this time included: the Baltic, Northern, Black Sea and Pacific fleets, the Caspian, Amur, Danube and Pinsk military flotillas. The country and its armed forces were preparing for war.
Slide 11
Strategic Missile Forces
A radical transformation of the Soviet Armed Forces, equipping them with nuclear missile weapons and other new types of weapons and military equipment. In 1960, a new branch of the USSR Armed Forces was created - the Strategic Missile Forces. The Armed Forces of the USSR included the following types: Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces), Ground Forces (SV), Air Defense Forces (Air Defense), Air Force (Air Force), Navy (Navy). The Armed Forces included the Rear Services of the Armed Forces, headquarters and Civil Defense Troops.
Slide 12
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation became the main successor to the Armed Forces of the USSR, and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created. The structure of the state, the political system, and government policies change, but the task of protecting the Fatherland always remains paramount, therefore the Armed Forces must always meet their purpose - protecting the country from external aggression.
Slide 13
§ 5.1 p.80 Questions after the paragraph.
Homework Thanks for the lesson!
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are a state organization that forms the basis of the country's defense and is intended to repel aggression against our state, for armed defense of the integrity and inviolability of its territory, as well as to carry out tasks in accordance with international treaties of Russia.
The Russian Army was officially created on May 7, 1992 by decree of the President of the Russian Federation. She is the heir to the military glory and traditions of the Russian army of pre-revolutionary times and the Soviet Armed Forces. The Russian Army was officially created on May 7, 1992 by decree of the President of the Russian Federation. She is the heir to the military glory and traditions of the Russian army of pre-revolutionary times and the Soviet Armed Forces.
Significant stages in the history of the Russian army Significant stages in the history of the Russian army Victories on the Kulikovo field in 1380 on the Kulikovo field in 1380 near Poltava in 1709, near Poltava in 1709, near Borodino in 1812 near Borodino in 1812 in the Great Patriotic War. in the Great Patriotic War.
MILITARY REFORM AFTER THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION OF THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION OF 1917
The October Revolution of 1917 destroyed the existing state structure of Russia and eliminated the armed forces. The Government of the Republic of Soviets had to create new armed forces in the first months, taking into account the new social structure of the country, external threats and material capabilities
In the first months of Soviet power, its armed support was the Red Guard (armed detachments of workers), which by the beginning of 1918 numbered 460 thousand people. The small, poorly trained Red Guard could not resist the invasion of German troops. The threat of invasion by German troops forced the Soviet government to begin recruiting a standing army.
On January 15, 1918, a decree was adopted on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA). On January 15, 1918, a decree was adopted on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA). On January 29, 1918, on the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet. January 29, 1918 - about the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet. The army and navy were created on a voluntary basis.
In February 1918, the young Red Army and the sailors of the Baltic Fleet had to repel the onslaught of German troops. To commemorate the mass entry of volunteers into the Red Army to defend the Fatherland and the courageous resistance of the Red Army units to the German invaders, February 23 began to be celebrated as the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy, and since 1992 as the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland.
The main content of the reforms: Formation of the Red Army and reform of the old army; Adoption in December 1917 of the Decree on the abolition of military ranks, titles, insignia and advantages. Commanders - up to the regiment commander - were elected at general meetings of units; Publication by the Council of People's Commissars in January 1918 of the Decree “On the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Army” according to the principles and recommendations from military committees, party and trade union organizations; The supreme governing body became the Council of People's Commissars, the body of direct control - the People's Commissariat of Military Affairs; In April 1918, recruitment into the Army moved from the principle of voluntariness to the principle of military service, from the election of commanders to their appointment. In May, universal conscription is introduced.
MILITARY REFORM BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR
The international situation during this period required constant strengthening and improvement of the armed forces. The Second World War was approaching. Under these conditions, the Soviet government took measures to strengthen the country's defense capability. The number of armed forces grew steadily: in 1935 - 930 thousand people, in 1938 - 1.5 million people and by the beginning of 1941 - 5.7 million people.
The main content of the reforms: The creation in March 1938 of the Main Military Council of the Red Army and the Main Council of the Navy, which were in charge of issues of military development; The institution of military commissars was introduced, which existed until August 1940; Conscription now extended to everyone; The terms of service were increased, the conscription age was lowered, and the period of stay in the reserve was extended; All Armed Forces personnel were required to take a military oath; The responsibility for desertion and unauthorized absences from the unit increases.
The Great Patriotic War was the greatest test of the ability of the USSR Armed Forces to defend the country's independence.
During this period, the domestic military school put forward a number of talented military leaders (G.G. Zhukov, K.K. Rokosovsky, I.F. Batutin, A.M. Vasilevsky, I.S. Konev, etc.), who skillfully carried out military operations, leading to the defeat of a persistent and well-armed enemy.
In May 1945, in the Berlin suburb of Karlhorst, the Act of Unconditional Surrender of the Forces of Nazi Germany was signed. The victory in the Great Patriotic War once again showed the inexhaustible capabilities of the Soviet people and their Armed Forces in defending their Fatherland.
The main content of the reforms: Changing the system of organization of the high command, announcing the general mobilization of all men from 19 to 55 years of age; Changes in the system of organization of the high command, general mobilization of all men from 19 to 55 years old is announced; The structural organization of the armed forces has become more complex. The structure of the Armed Forces now included fronts, armies, corps, divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, companies, platoons and squads; The structural organization of the armed forces has become more complex. The structure of the Armed Forces now included fronts, armies, corps, divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, companies, platoons and squads; In 1942, the Infantry Combat Regulations were published. The division of military personnel into privates, sergeants, officers and generals is being introduced, new insignia have been introduced; In 1942, the Infantry Combat Regulations were published. The division of military personnel into privates, sergeants, officers and generals is being introduced, new insignia have been introduced; The system of military tribunals became more complex and expanded, and the Main Logistics Directorate was established; The system of military tribunals became more complex and expanded, and the Main Logistics Directorate was established; A resolution was adopted obliging the republican, regional and district party committees to launch resistance (partisan movement) behind enemy lines. A resolution was adopted obliging the republican, regional and district party committees to launch resistance (partisan movement) behind enemy lines.
After the war, the improvement and strengthening of the Armed Forces continued in accordance with the forecast of the international situation and the policies pursued by the Soviet government. In the mid-50s, a radical transformation of the Soviet Armed Forces began, equipping them with nuclear missile weapons and other new types of weapons and military equipment.
The Armed Forces of the USSR included the following branches: Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces); Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces); Ground Forces (SV); Ground Forces (SV); Air Defense Forces (Air Defense); Air Defense Forces (Air Defense); Air Force (VVS); Air Force (VVS); Navy (Navy); Navy (Navy); Rear of the Armed Forces; Rear of the Armed Forces; Headquarters and Civil Defense Troops. Headquarters and Civil Defense Troops.
The main content of the reforms: The highest leadership of the country's defense and the Armed Forces of the USSR was carried out by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the highest bodies of state power (the Supreme Council of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR). The highest leadership of the country's defense and the Armed Forces of the USSR was carried out by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the highest bodies of state power (the Supreme Council of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR). Direct leadership of the USSR Armed Forces was exercised by the USSR Ministry of Defense. Direct leadership of the USSR Armed Forces was exercised by the USSR Ministry of Defense. A new type of Armed Forces has appeared - the Strategic Missile Forces; A new type of Armed Forces has appeared - the Strategic Missile Forces;
The construction of the RF Armed Forces was planned in three stages. The first one ended in 1992. During it, the decline in the level of combat readiness that began after the collapse of the USSR was stopped, approaches to the creation of groupings of troops and general-purpose forces were revised, and the formation of new ones began in connection with changed state borders
The second stage of reforms took place from 1993 to 1995. During the war, the size of the Armed Forces was reduced by hundreds of thousands. During this stage, the government came to the most important conclusion that we cannot have strong groups of troops along the entire border. Therefore, the construction of the Armed Forces was based on the principle of mobile defense, the implementation of which made it possible to begin the formation of small but quite powerful forces, ready for use where a real threat to Russia’s security arises.
The General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out a whole range of measures for strategic and operational planning of the use of troops in new conditions. The Federal Program for the Development of Arms and Military Equipment was adopted, and military legal reform and military education reform began. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On military construction in the Russian Federation,” the State Commission for military construction in the Russian Federation was created in 1995. She actively took up the work, but the work was not completed.
The main priorities of modern army reforms are: optimization of the structure, combat strength and strength of the armed forces; qualitative improvement in the composition, training and support of the officer corps; raising the efficiency and quality of operational and combat training, training troops, strengthening law and order and military discipline; increasing the quality level of technical equipment of troops; creation of economical, rational systems for recruitment, training of military personnel, military education, military science and infrastructure; ensuring legal and social protection of military personnel, including those discharged from military service, and their families.
Literature used 1. Internet resource: html 2. Fundamentals of life safety: Textbook for 10th grade students of general education institutions / A.T. Smirnov, B.I. Mishin, V.A. Vasnev - 5th ed., revised. - M., “Enlightenment, History of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 19th century: Textbook for 10th grade students of general education institutions. Basic level/ N.I. Pavlenko, I.L. Andreev, L.M. Lyashenko; edited by A.F. Kiseleva, N.I. Pavlenko. –– M.: Bustard, 2007.
Slide 2
MINISTER OF DEFENSE ARMY GENERAL SERGEY KUZHEGETOVICH SHOIGU
Slide 3
Lesson plan: Organization of the armed forces of the Moscow state in the XIV-XV centuries. Military reform of Ivan the Terrible in the middle of the 16th century. Military reform of Peter I in the first quarter of the 18th century, the creation of a regular army and navy. Military reforms of 1860-1870 under the leadership of Minister of War D.Yu. Milyutin, their features. Military reforms of 1905-912 and their features.
Slide 4
History is a powerful factor in the education of conscious patriotism. To belittle your history, to forget it, means to spit on the graves of your ancestors who fought for their native land... V. Pikul
Slide 5
Kulikovo Field, Poltava Field, Borodino - covered with the glory of Russian weapons, giving birth to freedom and power of our country. All of them have become majestic memorials to history. At all times, the Russian people came out as a single friendly family to expel the greedy conquerors who came to our land, and were staunch defenders of their native home - the Russian land.
Slide 6
The development and formation of the Russian Armed Forces is inextricably linked with the history of the Russian state. For many years, the Russian people constantly had to wage armed struggle, defending their lands from foreign invaders. In the period from the XIV to the XVII centuries. There is practically not a single year of peace when the borders of the Russian state would be calm and there would be no need to repel the enemy. Therefore, the state was in constant readiness for war, and its structure met this requirement
Slide 7
MILITARY REFORM OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE 1550 – 1571
Slide 8
The origins of the military organization in our Fatherland go back to the reign of Ivan III the Great (1462-1505), who began the massive distribution of land plots and estates to the servants of the princely court, as well as free people, subject to their service, that is, marked the beginning of the formation of the service nobility . The efforts of Ivan III to create a strong military organization of the Russian state were continued by Ivan IV, who created one of the largest armies in Europe - 250-300 thousand people (about 3% of the population of Rus').
Slide 9
In the period from 1550 to 1571. Ivan the Terrible carried out military reforms, which began with a decree of October 3, 1550 on the division of lands around Moscow by 1000 landowners who occupied key command positions in the army.
Slide 10
CONCLUSION: streamlining the system of recruitment and military service in the local army; organization of centralized army control; creation of a permanent Streltsy army; centralization of the supply system; creation of a permanent guard service on the southern border.
Slide 11
The local army (noble cavalry, which constituted the main branch of the Russian army in the 15th-17th centuries) had the character of a militia. Organizationally, it was divided into hundreds. All owners of estates and estates fit for service, according to the Code of Service of 1556, went on a campaign with their horses, supplies and weapons and fielded 1 armed warrior for every 50 acres of land that belonged to them. Reorganized by Peter I in 1701 into regular regiments of dragoons.
Slide 12
The Streletsky Army is the first standing army in the Russian state in the mid-16th - early 18th centuries. It was staffed by the free urban and rural non-taxable (tax-free) population, was armed with arquebuses and reeds, and was governed by governors. Organizationally it consisted of “devices” (detachments), then orders (500-1000 people each), from 1681. - regiments, and was under the jurisdiction of the Streletsky Prikaz. In the 80s of the 17th century it was reorganized in the image of the “new order” regiments. Disbanded by decree of Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century.
Slide 13
MILITARY REFORM OF PETER I 1ST QUARTER OF THE 18TH CENTURY
Slide 14
The regular Russian army was created under Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century. Its creation was facilitated by the defeat of Russian troops in 1700 near Narva in a battle with the Swedish army. Streltsy regiments and noble cavalry showed their complete helplessness. The Russian army lost more than 6 thousand people and all artillery near Narva.
Slide 15
Peter I introduced a new army recruitment system. It began to be carried out on the principle of recruitment, when 10-20 peasant households, by lot, supplied one person for lifelong military service. The introduction of conscription allowed Peter I to significantly increase the number of standing troops. The officer corps of the Russian army consisted of nobles; for them, public service was mandatory and lifelong. To receive an officer rank, a nobleman had to serve as a soldier in the Guards regiments - Preobrazhensky or Semenovsky.
Slide 16
In terms of organization, armament, and combat training, the reforms of Peter I brought the Russian army to one of the first places in Europe.
Slide 17
CONCLUSION: the creation of a Russian (national) regular army and navy based on a recruiting system; the abolition of previously existing heterogeneous military formations and the introduction of the same type of organization and weapons in the infantry, cavalry and artillery; introduction of a unified system of military training and education, regulated by regulations; centralization of military administration, replacement of orders by the Military College and the Admiralty College, establishment of the post of commander-in-chief, under which a field headquarters was created headed by the quartermaster general; opening military schools for training officers and regulating the service of officers; carrying out military-judicial reforms.
Slide 18
MILITARY REFORM OF THE 1860-70'S
Slide 19
Transformation in the Russian armed forces under the leadership of Minister of War D. A. Milyutin. They had the goal of creating a mass army and eliminating the military backwardness of Russia, revealed in the Crimean War of 1853-56.
Slide 20
In 1874, a new Charter on military service was approved. From that time on, army recruitment was abolished in Russia and universal military service was introduced, which extended to the male population of all classes and estates who had reached the age of 21. The total service life was set at 15 years: 6 years of which were spent in active military service, and 9 years in reserve. Particular attention was paid to improving the professional training of officers. Literacy among soldiers was recognized as essential, so teaching them to read and write became mandatory.
Slide 21
CONCLUSION: * replacement of conscription with all-class military service, creation of an exchange reserve stock, formation of a military district control system (15 districts); the allocation of a new “Regulation on field command and control of troops in wartime”, the rearmament of the army with rifled small arms and artillery; reorganization of combat training of troops (development and introduction of new military regulations in the troops), as well as the officer training system (replacement of cadet corps with military gymnasiums, establishment of military and cadet schools); Permanent military courts (regimental, military district and main) were established.
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D. A. Milyutin recalled: “My most notorious enemies had to admit that never before had the Russian army come to the theater of war so well prepared and equipped.” Military-judicial reforms of 1860-1870 contributed to the strengthening of the Russian army.
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MILITARY REFORM OF 1905-1912
Slide 24
After the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the government of Nicholas II took measures to revive the combat power of the Russian armed forces. This was forced by the difficult international situation.
Slide 25
The First World War was approaching, which began on July 19, 1914. Germany declared war on Russia, and after it, France. Within days of this, the main European states entered the war. The First World War became another heroic and at the same time tragic page for the history of Russia and its armed forces.
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CONCLUSION: the centralization of military command has been strengthened (a territorial recruitment system has been introduced); terms of service have been shortened, the officer corps has been rejuvenated; new programs for military schools, new regulations and new models of artillery pieces were adopted; Heavy field artillery was created, engineering troops were strengthened and material support was improved.
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Literature used A.T. Smirnov, B.I. Mishin, V.A. Vasnev - “Fundamentals of life safety” 10th grade. – M., “Enlightenment, 2004. N.I. Pavlenko, I.L. Andreev, L.M. Lyashenko; edited by A.F. Kiseleva, N.I. Pavlenko – “History of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 19th century, grade 10. Basic level, Textbook. for general educational institutions/ - M.: Bustard, 2007. Internet links http://s61.radikal.ru/i171/0810/4f/686893489f48.jpg http://www.sva-slava.ru/kartini/bubnov/Utro_na_kulikovom_pole .jpg http://f.rodon.org/p/10/080214111434d.jpg http://vnnews.ru/static/images/2008-12/1454/4958964343b74_3.jpg http://bioserge.narod.ru/ images/vasnetsov_grozny.jpg http://img.encyc.yandex.net/illustrations/krugosvet/pictures/4/4e/1011585-PH05273.jpg http://www.artsait.ru/art/g/glazunovIS/img/ 50.jpg http://www.ot.clan.su/_nw/4/98491.jpg http://www.vzmakh.ru/parabellum/image/14/14_08.gif http://www.emezk.ru /forum/file/1158.jpg http://history-gatchina.ru/owners/dog/imgdog/petr.jpg http://img12.nnm.ru/imagez/gallery/4/1/4/8/9 /41489a9935835d70e947112d1bea0f89_full.jpg http://rosneft.division.ru/pics/1700/1700_3-a_big.jpg http://www.lomonosovo.ru/joom/resources/image/Mozaika/poltava_1_400.jpg http://www. rchobbymaster.ru/private/rchobbymaster/shop_load/47/italeri_6053.jpg http://images.izvestia.ru/145833.jpg http://www.beenergy.ru/uploads/posts/2008-10/1224674129_38935.jpg http ://kds.eparhia.ru/www/biblio/1_67421412037.jpg http://www.rucoin.ru/files/nikolay2.jpg http://zforum.zyablikovo.net/uploads/post-9336-1153751789.jpg
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