Gram cocci in large quantities. Coccal flora in a smear in women: causes, symptoms and treatment

Nowadays, laboratory diagnostics are very important to make a diagnosis of any disease. It includes general tests and microscopy of the biological material taken. Very often, during laboratory tests, various microorganisms are identified. These can be viruses, bacteria, chlamydia, fungi and others. Among them, cocci are of particular importance. Cocci are bacteria. They may indicate various pathologies.

Signs of a disease of the genitourinary system (clinical manifestations) cannot fully confirm the diagnosis. The detection of microorganisms of this group allows us to make a final verdict. It should be noted that their detection in a smear in men is carried out with the aim of prescribing adequate treatment. Drug therapy for each pathogen is different. Laboratory diagnostic methods make it possible to determine the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics. The success of treating a sick man largely depends on this. Let's look in more detail at what diseases cocci are found in smears in men, and the main reasons for their appearance.

Depending on the cause, the content of cocci in the smear may vary. In an acute process, the number of bacteria is greater than in a chronic one. It is important that cocci are opportunistic microflora of men. This means that such bacteria are present on the skin and mucous membranes of a healthy person, but in small quantities. If their number increases sharply or they begin to exhibit pathogenic properties, then this indicates a disease. This is facilitated by a decrease in the body’s resistance, hypothermia, stress and other factors. Coccal flora in a smear is assessed quantitatively. It is of no small importance that an indirect indicator of the presence of bacteria in the test material is an increase in the number of leukocytes, epithelial cells, and mucus.

The physiology of the human body is such that when bacteria (cocci) multiply excessively, leukocytes come to the site of inflammation. They are a factor of immunity and protect the body. If, when taking a smear, the presence of purulent discharge is observed, this indicates a large number of dead bacteria and leukocytes. Normally, cocci are found in a single quantity in a smear. Only such a number of them are allowed in the field of view of the microscope. Gonococci are identified separately. In a healthy person they should be absent in the field. As for the epithelium, its normal content is 5-10 per field of view. No more than 5 leukocytes are considered normal. Mucus should be kept in moderation.

Reasons for the increase in the number of cocci

In men, cocci in a smear may be different. There are staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, pneumococci. Pneumococci are mostly isolated from the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms vary depending on the pathogen. Staphylococci and streptococci are inhabitants of the skin. Most often, when taking a smear and examining it, a mixed flora occurs. It can be represented by cocci, Escherichia coli, Proteus, fungi and other microorganisms. Very rarely, only cocci are detected in men. What are the reasons for this phenomenon? If cocci are found in the smear in inappropriate quantities, this may be a consequence of the development of an infection. Coccus infection is caused by various factors.

Firstly, the cause is promiscuity. Unprotected contacts are of great importance. It is known that gonorrhea, trichomoniasis and other infections are transmitted sexually. The presence of gonococci in a smear in men may indicate gonorrhea. Secondly, anal and oral sex pose a potential danger. Thirdly, such microflora can develop in men who neglect the rules of personal hygiene of their genitals. There are other reasons: masturbation, early sexual activity, dysbacteriosis.

The latter is a very pressing problem today. With long-term use of antibacterial agents, the beneficial microflora of men, which protects the body from pathogenic bacteria, suffers greatly. This is an excellent predisposing factor for the proliferation of cocci. Cocci in a smear in large quantities may indicate the presence of foci of chronic infection. In addition to these reasons, there are other prerequisites (hypothermia, decreased immunity, poor nutrition).

How to take a smear from men

To determine the presence of a genitourinary tract infection, you will need to correctly take a smear from the male urethra. It is not difficult to identify cocci in a smear, but the procedure itself can be very unpleasant and even painful for the person being examined. The first step is to consult the patient. The doctor must explain how the patient should prepare himself for this procedure. A man must refuse sexual contact 2 days before the manipulation. In addition, the day before taking a smear, a thorough toileting of the external genitalia is required. This is done the night before. It is very important that you should not wash yourself in the morning before the procedure.

Of great importance is the fact that taking a smear after taking antibacterial drugs is not advisable.

The patient should stop any drug therapy 1-2 weeks before the procedure. Otherwise, the results may be unreliable. To detect cocci in a smear, the patient undergoes a painful procedure. It consists of inserting a special tampon or probe into the urethra to a depth of about 3 cm. All materials and instruments must be sterile. This is of great importance, since very often such manipulations contribute to the introduction of infection from the outside. It must be remembered that after collecting the material, the patient may experience pain, burning, and discomfort in the urethra, but these symptoms quickly pass.

Symptoms of the presence of cocci in a smear

If cocci are present in large quantities in the body of men, then signs of infection may be evident. Coccal infection of the genitourinary system can manifest itself as dry mucous membranes, itching, and burning. In acute inflammation, there may be various discharges from the urethra. They often have an admixture of pus. Treatment in this case should be carried out immediately. Symptoms include pain, discomfort, and difficulty urinating. In more severe cases, patients experience general symptoms: weakness, increased body temperature.

In most cases, the detection of cocci in a smear in large quantities indicates diseases such as cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis. In this case, clinical symptoms must be taken into account. If treatment is not carried out in a timely manner, this can lead to complications. However, the symptoms may be more severe. Any infection of the genitourinary system can spread to other areas. It is important that in conjunction with the detection of cocci in the smear, culture and polymerase chain reaction are carried out.

Treatment of coccal infection

Treatment of any disease of the genitourinary system caused by cocci is mandatory. Like all bacteria, cocci are sensitive to antibacterial drugs. Most often, for diseases of the genitourinary system, treatment includes the use of drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and macrolides. They help eliminate symptoms. Before prescribing treatment, the doctor must determine the sensitivity of cocci to antibiotics and evaluate the symptoms. Signs may be completely absent.

In order to maintain the constancy of the microflora of a man’s body, it is necessary to follow the following rules: use condoms during sexual intercourse, exclude casual sex, observe the rules of personal hygiene, treat chronic diseases in a timely manner, eat right, and lead a healthy lifestyle. Thus, cocci can indicate a wide variety of diseases in men.

A mandatory visit to a urologist is carried out once a year, but if you have symptoms, you will need to take a smear test for cocci in men. They are classified as viruses that indicate various diseases of the genitourinary system. Without laboratory tests, based only on symptoms, diagnosis is impossible.

From the moment of birth, the human body begins to be filled with microorganisms that contribute to coordinated work, as well as the formation of immunity. But harmful microorganisms also penetrate with beneficial microorganisms.

The microflora of male organs is a system that has a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes. But an imbalance, that is, an increase in cocci, leads to an inflammatory process and diseases leading to infertility. But at the same time, sexual life also suffers due to the discomfort experienced during sexual intercourse.

Cocci are bacteria that are spherical or sometimes elongated, similar to a coffee bean. They all live in the human body, but usually there are few of them. An increase in normal values ​​indicates inflammation of the male organs.

According to the structure they are distinguished:

• Streptococci;
• Diplococcus;
• Tetracocci;
• Sarcins;
• Staphylococci.

Varieties

A gram of rod found in a smear is not very informative, but their number and type will tell you about a specific disease. Thus, streptococci cause inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of the male urethra and are classified as gram-positive microorganisms.

Enterococci, whose habitat is the intestines, are capable of migrating into the urethra if hygiene standards are not observed or during sexual contacts performed without proper protection. They belong to opportunistic bacteria.

When coccobacilli are found in the smear, an increase in Haemophilus influenzae, chlamydia, and gardnerella is recorded. Their presence indicates a sexually transmitted disease.

The normal smear should not contain traces of diplococci, since their detection indicates a meningococcal or pneumococcal infection. And also, there is a type of gram-negative cocci of this species that can lead to either inflammatory processes of the mucous membranes in men. They are called gonococci.

The most common bacteria in the human body is staphylococcus. It is often infected in the maternity hospital, which sometimes leads to the development of immunity to the cells of the pathogenic microorganism. Staphylococcus aureus is considered especially dangerous, as it is resistant to almost all types of antibiotics and antiseptics. But such bacteria are also successfully fought.

Causes

Cocci in the smear appear due to sexually transmitted diseases (trichomoniasis, chlamydia, etc.). Their presence indicates disruption of the endocrine organs, allergies, antibiotic use, and poor personal hygiene. Also, disruption of the microflora in men is caused by a decrease in the immune functions of the body, frequent changes of sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, injuries, surgical interventions on the pelvic organs, through which bacteria penetrate.

With minor increases in coccal flora, a man may not be aware of his carrier status due to the absence of symptoms.

How to recognize the disease?

The first signs of the disease are burning and itching in the urethra and groin area. Dry urethral mucosa, which causes a lot of trouble, also indicates health problems. These symptoms are accompanied by painful sensations when emptying the bladder.

A man may feel a loss of strength and general lethargy. An increase in basal body temperature is also recorded. If there are a combination of symptoms, you must immediately seek qualified help and undergo examinations for various diseases.

Early detection using a smear for cocci and treatment is the key to quickly bringing the flora back to normal. Refusal or improper use of prescribed medications can lead to inflammation of nearby organs.

Sample collection

A smear is taken using a probe or tampon, which is immersed 3 cm into the urethra. The procedure is quite painful and after collection, discomfort may continue for several hours. This is a normal reaction, but if you experience discharge with pus or severe pain, you should immediately visit a urologist's office.

In some cases, before taking a smear for pathogens, a massage of the prostate gland or urethra is performed using a special probe. This kind of manipulation should be carried out by a highly qualified specialist.

The above examination, if necessary, is supplemented with bacteriological culture, as well as PCR diagnostics. With their help, sexually transmitted diseases are detected in men. All manipulations must be carried out with sterile instruments and gloves, since failure to follow the rules will lead to the introduction of cocci from outside.

Preparing for a smear

For a more accurate diagnosis, you will have to prepare for the analysis. In the evening before the procedure, it is necessary to thoroughly wash the male organs, but in the morning you should refrain from showering. Among the restrictions, there is a refusal to have intimate relations 2 days before going to the doctor or at least a day before a smear for cocci.

It is recommended to stop taking any medications that were not prescribed by your doctor 7 days in advance, as this may affect the number of microorganisms in the urethra. This type of restriction also includes local ointments and creams with antiseptic and antifungal effects. It is necessary to urinate in advance. At least 3 hours should pass between the last urination and the swab collection.

How to treat cocci in a smear?

Going to a specialist and following the prescribed recommendations is the first step towards a man’s recovery. Commonly prescribed medications and antibiotics to combat illnesses include:

• Metronidazole;
• Tinidazole;
• Clindamycin;
• Medicines that strengthen the body's immune functions;
• Antihistamines.

In order to avoid side effects when taking prescribed medications, it is recommended to abstain from alcohol during treatment, even in small quantities.

Among other things, they may prescribe washing the external organs of the small pelvis with a decoction of calendula, chamomile, and string. They have anti-inflammatory properties, relieve the symptoms of burning, itching, and inflammation. After completing the course of treatment, you can continue herbal therapy.

Prevention

After treatment, it is worth thinking about prevention in order to preserve the polymorphic flora in the urethra. A visit to the urologist’s office should become a mandatory procedure not only for ailments, but also for peace of mind once a year. General measures include maintaining proper hygiene standards. This includes a mandatory change of underwear daily. Maintaining health to keep immunity high. Avoiding stress and prolonged overload of the body.

The primary measures for men include barrier protection during sexual intercourse. This rule must be observed not only when changing sexual objects frequently, but also when having a permanent partner.

A bad smear for cocci is not a reason to panic, but a call to action. If you follow the recommendations and preventive measures, it is possible to restore and maintain normal men’s health. Single signs of disease should be a call to visit a urologist, and not to treat symptoms with folk remedies.

Coccobacilli are a special type of bacteria that belongs to the pathogenic flora in the smear. Their presence in a smear from the genital tract is not normal and may indicate the development of bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted diseases in a woman.

What does coccal, bacillary and coccobacillary flora mean in a smear in women, including during pregnancy, what are the causes of abundant and poor microflora, how to treat this condition?

What does such flora mean in gynecological analysis?

Under certain factors, the ratio of microorganisms changes, the beneficial flora is displaced or dies. The health of the female reproductive system is undermined due to developing pathologies (dysbacteriosis, STDs).

In a healthy woman, the vaginal microflora is represented by 90% lactic acid bacteria (Dederlein bacilli), 10% by bifidobacteria. Less than 0.5-1% is the proportion of opportunistic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, fungi).

This ratio does not allow pathogenic microbes to negatively affect women's health.

Kokkovaya

What do cocci mean in a smear on the flora in women? Coccal flora belongs to the category of opportunistic and includes a wide group of microorganisms.

The most common representatives of microflora:

• staphylococci;
• meningococci;
• streptococci;
• gonococci.

If cocci are found in the flora smear, the most dangerous are the first two microbes due to the ability to cause severe infectious diseases that affect the intestines, brain, and other organs.

Gonococci provoke the development of sexually transmitted diseases. Features of coccal flora- highly resistant to antibiotics and heat.

Bacillary

Bacillary flora in a smear - what is it? The variety of microflora includes both beneficial and pathogenic rod-shaped microorganisms.

Useful flora smears include bacilli in the form of large Dederlein rods (beneficial lactobacilli). Their benefit is in the production of lactic acid.

Lactic acid maintains optimal biocenosis in the vagina, preventing the growth of harmful bacteria and fungus.

Dangerous representatives of bacilli in a flora smear include small rod flora - gram-negative microbes that can cause inflammatory reactions and dysbiosis of the genital tract.

Small rod flora reduces general and local immunity, slowing down the healing process.

Coccobacillary

Coccobacillary flora in a smear - what is it? Coccobacillary flora is characterized a significant lack of beneficial microbes and the presence in a large number of bacteria, combining two types of pathogenic microorganisms - bacilli and cocci.

Coccobacillary flora can be represented by chlamydia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Gardnerella.

Such microorganisms cause serious diseases that are difficult to treat - hemophilus influenzae, gardnerellosis.

If coccobacillary microflora is detected, it is necessary seek medical help.

Variants of norm and deviations

When such microflora is detected in a smear, the leading role is given to the number of pathogens.

Ideally, the number of Dederlein sticks should be more than 95-99%. This is a variant of the norm, indicating the absence of fungal and infectious lesions of the genital organs.

The number of coccobacilli in a flora smear can be characterized as:

• insignificant - less than 0.5-1%;
• moderate - from 2 to 8%;
• increased - from 8-10 to 50%;
• abundant - more than 50% or complete absence of lactobacilli.

The absence or meager content of coccobacillary flora is a variant of the norm.

If the bacilli flora is abundantly present in a gynecological smear, this is an alarming sign, accompanied by deviations in women’s health: mucous or purulent discharge, abdominal pain, discomfort, and menstrual irregularities.

Additional diagnostics

The main way to confirm excess coccobacillary flora is taking a smear for laboratory testing.

A smear is taken from the vagina and cervix. This is necessary to identify the degree of activity of the pathology.

As additional methods diagnostics are used:

• colposcopy for the purpose of diagnostic examination of the vulva, vagina, and its walls to identify changes in the mucosa;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs to identify the condition of the inner layer of the uterus;
• PCR diagnostics of the infectious agent;
• general blood test as an indicator of general condition.

The results of all diagnostic procedures are brought together and analyzed, then a diagnosis is made indicating the cause of the disease.

Treatment of pathology

It is necessary to treat coccobacillary flora, otherwise, adverse health consequences may develop, the most dangerous of which is infertility.

Therapy is prescribed after the examination results and includes:

• suppression and destruction of pathogenic microorganisms with antibiotics and antiseptics;
• colonization with the “correct” microflora;
• restoration of local and general immunity.

At the first stage, the following is prescribed:

• Metronidazole (if Gardnerella is present) - 500 mg twice a day, course of administration is 7 days;
• Ceftriaxone intramuscularly (for chlamydia, gonococci) - 0.5 g twice a day for a course of 7-10 days;
• Terzhinan (for vaginal dysbiosis) in the form of vaginal tablets - one piece at a dosage of 500 mg at night for a course of 10 days;
• Amoxiclav orally 0.5 g 2 times a day for a course of 7 days.

The next stage is no less important; its goal is to create an optimal biocenosis in the vagina.

Gynecologists prefer to prescribe drugs in the form of suppositories containing lactobacilli. Their advantage is their rapid effect, the delivery of active substances directly to the problem area.

The most effective drugs— Atsilakt, Vaginorm-S, Vagilak.

Tampons soaked in a solution of Lactobacterin and Bifidumbacterin are no less effective. The course to restore the flora lasts at least 14 days.

The third stage is aimed at increasing local and general immunity. The use of immunomodulators (topically and orally, in the form of injections) for 10-14 days will correct the immune capabilities towards strengthening.

The following medications are used:

• Genferon or Viferon (suppositories);
• Interferon (intramuscular);
• Wobenzym (oral).

Danger level during pregnancy

Detection of coccobacillary flora in a smear in pregnant women is not uncommon, which is due to hormonal imbalance and decreased immunity.

Treatment is required, otherwise there is a high risk of transmitting the infection to the child (when passing through the birth canal), developing hypoxia in the fetus, and serious inflammation of the uterus in a woman, including metroendometritis.

Therapy includes gentle antimicrobial drugs in the form of medications for external use: Klacid gel and Metronidazole in the form of suppositories.

After suppressing harmful bacteria, it is necessary to use products containing lacto- and bifidobacteria (suppositories and medicinal tampons).

It is absolutely safe for expectant mothers to use tampons soaked in Lactobacterin solution. They are inserted into the vagina for at least 2 weeks in the morning and evening.

Additionally, pregnant women are prescribed vitamin complexes (Elevit, Complivit mama) and eubiotics (Linex, Bifiform) for general strengthening of the body and prevention of dysbiosis.

We looked at what coccal, bacillary and coccobacillary flora are in a smear in women, what the treatment for such a condition is.

The detection of coccobacillary flora indicates serious problems in the female reproductive system.

The presence of infectious diseases or dysbiosis of the genital organs is a reason for immediate examination and treatment.

If you consult a gynecologist in a timely manner, you can successfully get rid of pathogenic flora within a month without negative consequences.

Vaginal microflora - it is a complex system that consists of many different variants of bacteria. One of these representatives is cocci - a whole group of microorganisms that are a normal part.

But when the number increases or specific species are identified, we should talk about a pathological process. Therefore, many cocci are classified as opportunistic microflora. In order for this to happen, exposure to pathogenic factors and certain causes is necessary.

Microflora is normal in women

Normally, a woman’s vaginal microflora is represented by various microorganisms, like any microbiocenosis. It includes representatives of various groups. The relative abundance of bacteria varies depending on the age and hormonal background of the woman. Representatives can be either anaerobic or aerobic.

The main share of representatives are lactobacilli or Daderlein bacilli. They are able to produce lactic acid, which is necessary to maintain sufficient defenses in the body.

Their relative number reaches 97%. The rest of the group can consist of both opportunistic and pathogenic representatives. There are a large number of staphylococci, E. coli, enterococci, as well as bifidobacteria. In addition, it could be corynebacteria, etc.

Also, the vagina is often populated with transistor flora, which normally does not remain for a long time.

In some cases, according to the results of the smear, there is no need to use various medications, since the body can cope on its own with the disturbed microbiocenosis. At the same time, pathogens of sexually transmitted infections require mandatory treatment.

Types of cocci

In this case, this condition is especially dangerous in pregnant women, since there is a possibility of infection of the newborn with these cocci as they pass through the birth canal.

The development of inflammatory processes in the vagina caused by streptococci is not always associated with sexual transmission. This is also possible if the state of local and general immunity is impaired, as well as the presence of knapsack surfaces on the skin, which provoke the proliferation of cocci.

This is a wide group of microorganisms that belong to the group of cocci.

Capable of causing an inflammatory reaction that will not be specific. At low concentrations in the area of ​​the vaginal mucosa, it can form lactic acid, which is necessary to maintain the desired composition of the environment.

If we consider this group as a whole, then thanks to some representatives the coccobacillary flora is always present in the vagina.

Let's look at the main types:

1. Chlamydia- These are intracellular microorganisms that have a round shape and very small sizes. For a woman’s body, they are an absolute pathogen. Their resistance to antibiotics is confirmed by the difficulty of access to drugs, as well as the presence of protective properties. They do not have flagella.
2. - these are also representatives of microbiocenosis; single cells can be present in the body. Thanks to the presence of devices, they are attached to the walls of the mucous membrane. They do not cause pronounced inflammation, but at the same time they greatly disrupt the composition of the flora.
3. Haemophilus influenzae is a representative of pathogenic flora. It can be found in isolated quantities on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, but when it gets into the vagina it causes an inflammatory process. It cannot normally live in the vaginal flora, since it mainly lives in red blood cells. It is a gram-negative coccobacilli.

These are bacteria that have a gram-negative structure.

Infection is facilitated by adhesion factors, thanks to which the microorganism penetrates the vaginal mucosa. It can cause specific inflammatory processes in the vagina and cervix, as well as lead to the development of serious complications. Therefore, it is so important to detect it in flora smears and begin treatment.

Number of cocci in smear

The absolute content of cocci in the smear is not made. Therefore, a change in the pH of the environment indicates a pathological process associated with cocci in tests.

So, in a normal state, the vaginal environment is acidic, and with an increase in the content of cocci, a neutralization reaction occurs. The pH of the environment in this case reaches 5 or more.

What does the presence of cocci indicate?

The presence of cocci in a smear does not always signal an inflammatory or pathological process.

With a small amount of cocci, they will be classified as a normal variant; only with an increase in the quantitative or qualitative ratio can we speak of a disease. Also, any presence of pathogens that are pathological should be classified as pathologies.

Etiology

There are many reasons for the appearance of cocci in smears. It is not always necessary to think about the entry of microorganisms for the first time. Many of them are located on the vaginal mucosa and are in normal condition.

Therefore, when a woman develops symptoms, as well as identifying an inflammatory process, they talk about:

• Decreased immune strength,
• Violation of personal hygiene measures,
• The use of cosmetics with inappropriate chemical composition.

In most cases, cocci penetrate from the rectum; this is also facilitated by the selection of underwear of those models that cause the movement of bacteria to the vaginal cavity. It can also be non-traditional types of sex.

Specific pathogens enter the body mainly after unprotected sexual intercourse.

In some cases, exposure to provoking factors is required. These are poor nutrition, lack of vitamins, the presence of concomitant diseases, metabolic disorders and a history of endocrine pathologies.

Cocci appear in a smear and against the background of physiological processes of changes in microbiocenosis, usually associated with hormonal levels. This is the period of pregnancy, puberty, and also the menopausal transition.

Symptoms

The manifestations of cocci in a smear can be different, this is due to the fact that some of the bacteria have specific characteristics.

Symptoms:

Is cocci an STD?

This is not always cocci, only some of them will belong to a similar group.

Sexually transmitted infections include gonococci and some types of coccobacilli. Other species are considered to be opportunistic microorganisms; they can normally be found in the vagina and in the human body.

Diagnostics

Detection of cocci in smears is usually not difficult. This is due to the fact that there are sufficient laboratory diagnostic methods; instrumental ones, as a rule, are not available.

Diagnostic stages:

Treatment

The detection of cocci in a smear does not always require mandatory treatment. Everything will depend on the quantitative ratio, as well as on the type of representatives of the coccal flora.

With a slight increase in representatives of this group, which are classified as opportunistic and there are no symptoms, women do not resort to drug treatment. All you need to do is change your lifestyle and personal hygiene rules.

When a clinical picture of an inflammatory process caused by nonspecific cocci appears, it is necessary to use drugs internally, both in tableted systemic form and locally:

• Among systemic agents, the most popular are broad-spectrum drugs, such as:
  • Trichopolum and others. The course of treatment lasts on average 7 days.
• It is preferable to combine systemic drugs with local ones. These include suppositories or vaginal tablets. Preference is given to products with antibacterial activity:
• These can also be nonspecific drugs that have an antiseptic effect. These include candles such as Betadine and Hexicon.

Metronidazole

Trichopolum

Terzhinan

Polygynax candles

Betadine

Hexicon

If a specific infection caused by coccal flora is detected, treatment is selected taking into account sensitivity to the pathogenic microorganism:

• When identifying gonococci, these are drugs from the cephalosporin group: Cefixime, Ciprofloxacin, as well as the Ofloxacin group. To destroy gonococcus, a single use of an antibiotic in a loading dose is sufficient. After therapy, a control analysis is required.
• also includes taking systemic antibacterial agents. It is recommended to prescribe several drugs in combination. The groups of agents include the groups of tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. The main ones are Azithromcin and Josamycin. The course lasts on average from 7 to 14 days. It is imperative that your sexual partner take the medications, as well as conduct a follow-up study no earlier than 2 months. After the main treatment, a dose of carpet and eubiotics is prescribed to restore normal microbiocenosis.
• Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in gynecology, which is caused by coccus gardnerella, is carried out necessarily, since the process that occurs against the background of its existence can lead to the development of complications. Includes removal of cocci with antibacterial agents, including Metronidazole and Clindamycin, as well as local forms: cream or suppositories with a similar antibiotic.
• After a course of therapy, the vaginal flora is restored. Candles are used for this Acylact, Laktozhinal etc.

Most people do not like visiting doctors. But we all understand perfectly well that we cannot do without this, we all get sick from time to time, and therefore we cannot cope without the help of a specialist. Sometimes, regardless of our wishes, if we develop a particular disease, we have to undergo tests. Quite often a smear test is prescribed. Many people often ask the question: “What is this, cocci in a smear?” This will be discussed in the article.

We are surrounded by many different microorganisms. These include bacteria, viruses and fungi. In everyday life, we do not pay any attention to such microflora. But until a certain moment, until it penetrates the body. One of the most harmful floras that provokes serious diseases is coccal. Cocci are bacteria that have a spherical shape and in most cases affect the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and reproductive systems. These microorganisms can be found in the body of both women and men, as well as children. People often wonder what cocci look like on a smear - what it is, and how to deal with it. The discovery of these pathogens in a smear is not good news.

Staphylococcal infection is very common and at the same time quite painful. It can be caused by several microorganisms. According to statistics, almost every newborn is infected with staphylococcus, but it remains in the body only in twenty percent of the world's population, 60% of people are periodic carriers of staphylococcus.

When we talk about staphylococcal flora, we mean Staphylococcus aureus. It is actually dangerous because it is resistant to both antiseptic and antibacterial drugs. It can provoke the development of serious pathologies. These microorganisms are very active and extremely resistant to external influences. So, for example, they can remain active after prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation and temperatures of 150 degrees.

They cannot be destroyed either with alcohol or with sodium chloride or peroxide. This bacterium can provoke the development of dangerous ailments, in particular pneumonia, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. It can also lead to death. Often the pathogen affects the reproductive system.

The presence of cocci in small concentrations is considered normal. This means that a single staphylococcus is not dangerous. An increase in the number of staphylococci requires immediate treatment. Often, another type of flora is found in a smear for cocci - streptococcus. Otherwise it is called a gram-positive bacterium. A common occurrence is the identification of enterococci. These microorganisms are resistant to any influence, and their detection signals the presence of an inflammatory process in the reproductive or genitourinary system.

Gonococcus is considered one of the most pathogenic representatives of coccal microflora. Gram-negative bacteria can provoke the development of various pathologies, in particular gonorrhea. This flora is exclusively pathogenic. This means that it should not be in the smear. Pathology caused by coccal flora can only be cured with the help of antibacterial drugs. The treatment of the disease, as well as the diagnosis, can be handled exclusively by the attending physician.

Self-medication, especially during pregnancy, taking any medications, or using suppositories is strictly not recommended. This way you will only harm yourself and make the condition worse. The presence of Doderlein sticks is quite natural. These bacilli maintain the normal acidic environment of the vagina and also resist various infections. Cocci in a smear, you already know what it is, can provoke the development of serious pathology. In order to prevent the development of disastrous consequences, doctors prescribe a smear test.

The vaginal flora allows us to draw conclusions regarding the absence or presence of pathogenic microorganisms, for example, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, which provoke the development of candidiasis. In addition, the results of the study can determine the presence or absence of cancer cells. A smear is a completely free manipulation. The results of the study will show whether there are any disturbances in the functioning of the female reproductive system.

Smear for flora and sterility: what does it show?

This study helps to identify pathogenic microflora that provoke the occurrence of various diseases. A flora smear result of 95% (an indicator of the number of lactobacilli) indicates that the woman’s health is in order. A drop in the number of beneficial bacteria signals a weakening of protection.

The degree of vaginal cleanliness will depend on the concentration of lactobacilli in the vagina; there are four of them:

1. The first degree indicates the excellent condition of the reproductive system. In this case, a predominant number of Doderlein rods should be detected. Sometimes the presence of epithelial cells (in low concentrations), as well as leukocytes, is detected.
2. As for the second degree, it should cause some concern. In addition to lactobacilli, the presence of gram-negative organisms is detected, which can provoke the appearance of pathology.
3. The third degree is characterized by the presence of a large number of epithelial cells, as well as harmful microflora and the almost complete absence of Doderlein bacilli. This is a bad result. Treatment must be immediate.
4. As for the fourth degree, it is critical. Lactobacilli are not detected in the smear. The smear reaction is alkaline. The entire flora consists of pathogenic organisms. Therapy must be serious and immediate.

The culprits of the inflammation detected in the vagina are most often coccobacilli - Trichomonas or Gardnerella. Now you know what cocci in a smear are, and most importantly, you know how to deal with it.

Abundant coccal flora in a smear: symptoms and norm

As already mentioned, the human body contains a significant number of microorganisms. Cocci constitute opportunistic microflora. They are harmless only if the correct balance is maintained. Abundant coccal flora in a smear can signal serious health problems.

The vaginal microflora contains acidophilus bacteria, a certain amount of bifidobacteria - 10% and peptostreptococci - approximately 5%. Such coccal flora in a smear in such a concentration is considered quite normal. In this composition, the microflora produces an acidic environment that helps prevent various pathologies. Moreover, such flora helps protect not only the mucous membranes of the vagina, but also the entire body.

Beneficial microflora helps in:

• maintaining acid balance;
• destruction of harmful microflora;
• normalization of metabolic processes.

If, after a laboratory test, it is discovered that the coccal flora in the smear exceeds the norm, this indicates an increased level of alkali. When the microflora exceeds the neutral result, gram-positive diplococci appear. In this case, the concentration of lactobacilli decreases. If the vaginal environment is excessively alkaline, the death of acidophilic lactobacilli is noted, and subsequently their replacement by cocci.

Abundant coccal flora in the smear signals the development of vaginal dysbiosis, or the presence of inflammation.

If the manifestations of the disease are ignored, cocci begin to actively develop, and this subsequently leads to the occurrence of serious pathologies, in particular cervical erosion. It is well known that the above disease is the cause of infertility. It is highly undesirable to have abundant detection of coccal flora in a smear during pregnancy, because this complicates the process of bearing a fetus. Detection of abundant coccal flora in a smear may indicate serious problems.

The penetration and reproduction of harmful flora in most cases occurs due to:

• poor hygiene;
• decreased immunity;
• long-term use of antibiotics;
• wearing tight synthetic underwear;
• frequent douching;
• unprotected sexual intercourse.

An obvious symptom of the colonization of a large number of cocci is the appearance of an overly pronounced unpleasant odor. It is similar to the smell of spoiled fish. In addition, there are often complaints of itching and burning of the external genitalia, yellowish vaginal discharge, and discomfort after sexual intercourse.

In men, manifestations of coccal flora colonization are quite rare. However, it may also happen that a man complains of pain during urination, burning and itching, and yellow or green discharge from the penis. These symptoms may indicate gonococci or trichomonas. These pathological organisms are the causative agents of pathologies transmitted by PP.

It is also important to understand that an abundant concentration of coccal flora in a smear is already a reason to think about your health and begin treatment. However, remember that therapy is selected depending on the type of coccal flora in the smear. You should not self-medicate. Only a doctor can prescribe taking a particular drug and only after deciphering the test results.

Cocci in a smear: how to treat in women, men, as well as during pregnancy and children

Therapy for pathology must be appropriate and timely. You should not ask: “How to treat cocci in a smear?” in the Internet. Only a gynecologist can prescribe therapy. The doctor will prescribe treatment after conducting the necessary examinations. One of the most basic is a microflora smear. In normal health conditions, a small number of cocci are detected in the smear.

If there is an illness, the smear will contain, in addition to a huge number of cocci, other infectious pathogens. In any case, both partners should be treated. As a rule, the use of antibiotics is prescribed: Metronidazole, Clindamycin, drugs that help strengthen the immune system, antihistamines. If a woman is pregnant, safe medications are prescribed that do not affect the development of the fetus. Ask a specialist about how to treat cocci in a smear.

Also, if cocci are found in a smear, you should not treat with any of the unconventional remedies. Folk remedies can be harmful if used inappropriately.

Now you know what to do if cocci are detected in a smear and how to treat the pathology. After a course of therapy, as well as complete restoration of the vaginal microflora (the Doderlein bacillus should predominate), you just have to follow a number of recommendations so as not to get sick again.

1. Maintain good hygiene.
2. Wear underwear made from high-quality natural materials.
3. Avoid unprotected sex.
4. Eat right.
5. Treat concomitant pathologies in a timely manner.

Take care of yourself, take care of your health, and then you will have no reason to go to the hospital.