Administrative map of the world in Russian. What information does a political map of the world convey? What to see on a geographical map of the world

10.08.2019

Can be viewed from two aspects. The first is a simple publication on paper that displays how the world works in terms of arrangement political forces. The second aspect considers this concept from a broader perspective, as about the formation of states, their structure and split, about the reshuffling of forces in political world, about the advantage and influence of large and powerful states on the world economy. The past gives us a picture of the future, which is why it is so important to know the stages of formation of the political map of the world.

general information

Any state has its own life cycle. It is a curve, similar to a hump. At the beginning of its journey, the country is being built and developed. Then comes the peak of development, when everyone is happy and everything seems to be fine. But sooner or later, the state loses its strength and power and begins to gradually fall apart. It has always been so, is and will be. That is why over the centuries we have seen the gradual rise and fall of great empires, superpowers and huge colonial monopolies. Let's consider the main stages of the formation of the political map of the world. The table is shown in the figure:

As you can see, many historians identify exactly five stages modern history. IN various sources You can find only 4 main ones. This dilemma arose a long time ago, since the stages of formation of the political map of the world can be interpreted differently. The table of main sections proposed by us contains the most reliable information to date.

Ancient period

IN ancient world The first great states entered the arena of main events. You all probably remember them from history. This is the glorious Ancient Egypt, powerful Greece and the invincible Roman Empire. At the same time, there were less significant, but also quite developed states in the Middle and East Asia. Their historical period ends in the 5th century AD. It is generally accepted that it was at this time that the slave system became a thing of the past.

Medieval period

Over the period from the 5th to the 15th centuries, many changes have occurred in our consciousness that cannot be covered in one sentence. If the historians of that time knew what it was political map world, the stages of its formation would have already been divided into separate parts. After all, remember, during this time Christianity was born, it arose and collapsed Kievan Rus, begins to emerge. Large feudal states are gaining strength in Europe. First of all, these are Spain and Portugal, which are vying with one another to make new geographical discoveries.

At the same time, the political map of the world is constantly changing. The formation stages of that time will change future fate many states. For several more centuries the powerful Ottoman Empire will exist, which will capture the states of Europe, Asia and Africa.

New period

Begins from the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries new page on political arena. This was the time of the beginning of the first capitalist relations. Centuries when huge colonial empires began to emerge in the world, conquering the whole world. The political map of the world is often changed and redone. The stages of formation constantly replace each other.

Gradually Spain and Portugal are losing their power. It is no longer possible to survive by robbing other countries, because more developed countries are switching to completely new level production of products - manufactory. This gave impetus to the development of such powers as England, France, the Netherlands, and Germany. After civil war in America they are joined by a new and very large player - the United States of America.

The political map of the world changed especially frequently at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The stages of formation during this period depended on the outcome of successful military campaigns. So, if back in 1876 European countries While only 10% of the territory of Africa was captured, in just 30 years they managed to conquer 90% of the entire territory of the hot continent. The whole world entered the new 20th century practically divided between the superpowers. They controlled the economy and ruled alone. Further redistribution was inevitable without war. Thus ends a new period and begins newest stage formation of a political map of the world.

Newest stage

The redistribution of the world after the First World War made huge adjustments to First of all, four powerful empires disappeared. This is Great Britain Ottoman Empire, Russian empire and Germany. In their place many new states were formed.

At the same time, a new movement appeared - socialism. And a huge state appears on the world map - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. At the same time, powers such as France, Great Britain, Belgium and Japan are strengthening. Some lands of the former colonies were transferred to them. But this redistribution does not suit many, and the world again finds itself on the verge of war.

At this stage, some historians continue to write about the modern period, but it is now generally accepted that with the end of the Second World War begins modern stage formation of a political map of the world.

Modern stage

Second World War outlined for us those boundaries, most of which we see today. First of all, this applies to European countries. The greatest result of the war was that it completely disintegrated and disappeared. New independent states arose in South America, Oceania, Africa, Asia.

But the most continues to exist big country in the world - the USSR. With its collapse in 1991, another one appears important stage. Many historians distinguish it as a subsection modern period. After all, in Eurasia after 1991, 17 new independent states. Many of them decided to continue their existence within the borders Russian Federation. For example, Chechnya defended its interests for a long time until, as a result of military operations, the power of a powerful country was defeated.

At the same time, changes continue in the Middle East. There is a unification of some Arab states there. In Europe, a united Germany emerges and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia disintegrates, resulting in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro.

Continuation of a story

We have presented only the main stages in the formation of the political map of the world. But the story doesn't end there. As events show recent years, soon you will have to select a new period or redraw the maps. After all, judge for yourself: just two years ago, Crimea belonged to the territory of Ukraine, and now all atlases need to be completely redone in order to change its citizenship. And also problematic Israel, drowning in battles, Egypt on the verge of war and redistribution of power, incessant Syria, which might even be wiped off the face of the Earth by powerful superpowers. All this is our modern history.

Modern political map of the world- these are geographical photographs that bring together all the countries of the planet, their form of government and government structures. A comprehensive image of countries fully shows important political and geographical changes: the emergence of new countries, their connection and division, changes in status, changes in area, loss or acquisition of sovereignty, changes in capitals, their renaming, modification of the type of government, etc.
The map is depicted in different ways. In some versions, it may have an addition - displaying the relief of the Earth's surface. This is the most dynamic type of map, reflecting geographical and political changes. Therefore, Voweb invites visitors to familiarize themselves with newest edition, revealing current changes over the past decade.

Political map in Russian on the website

Three stages in creating a modern political map

The image of the planet that appears before us today is the result of long-term changes. The political-geographical map was formed over decades, and its process consisted of three stages:

The end of World War 1, which marked the beginning of the founding of the RSFSR (later the Soviet Union of Socialist Republics), Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire
The end of World War 2: Germany broke up into the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany, the creation socialist republic Cuba, the appearance of other countries in Oceania, Africa, Latin America and Asia
1991 - collapse of the USSR

At the third stage, after the split Soviet Union, many countries joined the CIS. Since the end of 1990, the Federal Democratic Republic and the German Democratic Republic have reunited into a single Germany, Czechoslovakia has broken up into the Czech and Slovak Republics, and Hong Kong has returned to the People's Republic of China, which previously belonged to Great Britain.

Free interactive political map of the world online

Online resources offer to buy a card. The Voweb website provides the opportunity to use a political-geographical map completely free of charge. The pictures are interactive, move or shift them in different directions, examining the areas of interest.
Develop your knowledge, learn new and interesting things. Woweb is constantly working to improve the service, offering modern political maps in high resolution in Russian.

A world map is, in fact, a spread of a globe - a model of our planet Earth. Accordingly, the image reflects the objective reality given to us, in sensations. Politically charged territories, the contours of which can be observed through a camera attached to an orbital station.

Detailed interactive world map in Russian
(to change the image scale, use the + and - icons)

The Google Earth service provides the opportunity to find a map of any city in the world online.

To move around the map, zoom in and out of the map, change the image angle, use the navigation in the form of arrows and + and – signs at the top of the map. Also try controlling the card by holding right button mice.

Enter the name of the city:

For ease of finding coordinates, the world map is usually divided into parallels and meridians.
Since the planet has the shape of a geoid - slightly flattened at the poles, the meridian is 40008.6 km long, and the equator is 40075.7 km long.
The surface of the planet has 510100000 square meters. km. Sushi - 149,000,000, and water - 361,000,000 sq. km. Round numbers give rise to thoughts of miracle, eternity and divine providence... however, everything is much more prosaic - a meter is one forty millionth of the Parisian meridian. Here is the result of all the roundness.

The planet's landmass is divided into several well-known continents; it is worth clarifying that Eurasia is a separate continent, otherwise, to the point of gray hair, many people hold Europe as separate, whereas it is just “part of the world.”
Four oceans, an even simpler thing. You can ask any child which tourist forgot. The deepest ocean is the Pacific. Its record depth is created by the legendary Mariana Trench... no, not a trench - worse, a trench descending to a depth of 11,022 meters. They've been dumping there for many decades radioactive waste all the powers of the world, as well as chemical and bacteriological weapon. So the real hell is wet and there it is.
Now more cheerful - the highest part of the Earth is a high stone peak in the Himalayas. Everest or Chomolungma, whichever you prefer, is 8848 meters high. But after the legless invalid Mark Inglis conquered it, the mountain shredded. For healthy people it became an ordinary event.
The most big lake– Caspian. It’s so big that it’s long since been forgotten that the lake is called a sea. Well, that’s what they wanted – 371,000 kilometers. You need a patch the size of one and a half England to close such a hole in the surface.
Most big Island- Greenland. 2,176,000, could take an example from the Caspian and call itself a continent. But it’s too stupid - almost all under a layer of ice. It belongs to Denmark, so if it thaws, the size of the Viking state will increase dramatically.

A POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD

map of the globe showing states, capitals, big cities etc. In a broad sense, this is a collection of information about the state affiliation of territories, the subject of the study of political geography. The process of formation of P. k.m. dates back several thousand years. There are several periods. Ancient (before the 5th century AD) is associated with the development and collapse of the first states on Earth - Ancient Egypt, Carthage, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome etc. In the medieval (V-XV centuries) large land masses (in particular, Europe) were completely divided between different states. The new period (from the turn of the 15th-16th centuries to the end of the First World War) corresponds to the beginning of European colonial expansion and the spread of international economic relations throughout the world. Recent period(from 1917 to the present day) is divided into three stages: the 1st is characterized by the emergence of the USSR, changes in borders in Europe, the expansion of the colonial possessions of Great Britain, France, Belgium and Japan; 2nd is associated with the collapse colonial empires in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania and the beginning of the socialist experiment in a number of countries in Europe and Asia; The 3rd stage is characterized by the unification of Germany, the declaration of independence by the republics former USSR and Yugoslavia.

Concise geographical dictionary. EdwART. 2008.

A political map of the World

1) a geographical map of the globe or its parts, which reflects the territorial and political division.
2) A collection of information on the political geography of the globe or a large region: location, borders, capitals of states, forms of government, administrative-territorial structure, interstate. relationship. The political map of any region is not constant over time, i.e. it is a historical category. Changes in the political map can be of two types: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative associated with government ter. and boundaries. Quality changes are associated with transformations in political system states.
Quantitative changes in the political map include territorial gains or losses. These processes can proceed peacefully (for example, the Russian development of Siberia in the 17th century, the purchase of Alaska by the United States from Russia in 1867, the voluntary concession by France of some districts of its African colonies in favor of Germany in 1911), or they can occur in the form of military actions (changes in state borders as a result of the 1st and 2nd World Wars, the conquest of Mexican Texas by the US Army in 1845, etc.). The unification and disintegration of states can also be attributed to quantitative changes: these transformations are clearly visible in geographical map.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .

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