How to teach a child to play independently: selecting exciting toys and organizing a play space. Independent play is an important stage of growing up

13.08.2019

As the child grows up, it causes more and more trouble for his parents. A two-year-old baby cannot always occupy himself for a long time; he requires the constant presence of his mother. How to teach a child to play alone in order to find time for housework? This question often arises before young mothers who do not have time to decide daily tasks around the house. We will try to figure out what mistakes parents of babies make and teach how to keep a child occupied.

Sometimes a mother really wants to leave the child to his own devices and calmly go about his business.

The game and its meaning

An important element of a child’s development, his psychological and physical maturation, is play. Its function lies not so much in the result as in the process itself. The kid himself comes up with the rules, composes a plot, looks for uses for familiar things - builds a train out of chairs, assembles a new model from a construction set, or simply plays mother-daughter. All this serves as a powerful impetus for the development of the nervous system, and also develops basic skills that will be useful in adulthood.

You can play not only with other children or follow the rules invented by your mother. It is important that the child is able to get into Magic world games on his own, because this is how he learns a lot - to overcome obstacles, develop thinking, imagination, and look for different solutions. Which game is most comfortable for each age? How to teach a child to be self-sufficient and not lose interest in his actions over a long period?

Separation of interests by age

This article talks about typical ways to solve your issues, but each case is unique! If you want to find out from me how to solve your particular problem, ask your question. It's fast and free!

There are the most successful games for each age; it is very important to be able to select them correctly. What suits a 5-year-old child may not suit a 3-year-old. A two-year-old child will not be able to understand the tricky rules board games or transform into any cartoon character. For this age, the ideal activity is one that involves using and picking up various items. The baby is now learning to control his body - jumping, going down stairs, and is also beginning to comprehend the manipulation of putting toys in boxes or crates.

A two-year-old child cannot yet master complex story games

Classes for children 1.5-2 years old

Most often, the mother of a 1-2 year old baby is nearby and from time to time tries to interest him in a toy so that he does not demand too much attention from her. If the baby doesn’t succeed, he immediately makes it clear that he needs help. At this age, a child may well be alone if the right type of activity is chosen for him.

The first thing you need to take care of is the safety of the baby. It is important to create a space for him where he can move and play freely. Before leaving a child alone, you need to make sure that he will not have access to sockets, will not be able to open a window, or get scissors or a knife. You can then place various objects around it that are safe to put into your mouth. Let them all be of different sizes, colors, and made of different materials. Rustle soft books, rubber toys, and various sorters are perfect.

You should not leave the child alone for a long time - first you need to be nearby so that, if necessary, you can help the baby and calm him down. If the baby gets carried away, you should not disturb him or interrupt the game with various remarks. It is very important to encourage independent activities, praise the baby and show in every possible way that the mother is pleased with his actions.

Child 2-3 years old

Children aged 2-3 years already have a slightly different attitude towards the game. They do not actively pull any object into their mouth; these children begin to show interest in games with a clear plot. The next stage to which the baby is moving is role-playing play. A child who is already 2 years old develops an interest in imitation (see also:). He carefully copies the actions of adults, transferring them into his fictional world.

As children approach three years of age, they begin to happily participate in activities. role playing games Oh

Girls will sit the doll at the table, feed it with a spoon, put it to bed, boys will be happy to roll little soldiers or little men in the car. It is very good at this age to try to put together various structures from construction sets. The task of parents is to help their son or daughter find ways to interact with objects that can replace this or that adult thing. Then try to come up with several options for the game, create the right atmosphere and “trigger” the child’s imagination.

It makes sense to try to fade into the background and allow the baby to be alone, to entertain himself independently. Most likely, he will be able to occupy himself for twenty to thirty minutes, then he will want to communicate with adults. At this moment, you need to smoothly switch his attention to other events - feed him, get ready for a walk, or just read a book. It is important not to let your child feel bored, but to give him the opportunity to retain favorable impressions from the game he himself invented.

Child 3-6 years old

This period in a child’s life can conventionally be called preschool. A three-year-old child begins to understand the concept of friendship, he learns to communicate and build relationships with peers. If you observe from the outside the game of preschoolers who are 3-4 years old, you can see how they create rules and strive to get their comrades to follow them. At this stage, role-playing comes to the fore - children easily assign roles and follow the intended line of behavior.

IN preschool age games become story-based, several people can participate in them at once

At this time, parents should not interfere with the emerging friendship - they should allow the offspring to establish relationships with comrades. However, sometimes preschoolers cannot find a compromise; each of them wants to become a leader. It is important here to be able to gently but persistently separate the disputants and invite them to spend their energy on other goals, for example, organizing mini-competitions.

At home with your child, you can simulate events taking place in a store, at school, or in a clinic. In the form of a game, show him how to behave correctly in in public places- for example, calmly wait for your mother who is going to pay the bill at the cash register.

During this period, you can offer your baby a kind of exchange: he can play on his own while his mother prepares dinner, and then the two of them will go for a walk. Children usually follow the assigned task with pleasure and make life much easier for adults.

Several reasons why a baby does not want to play on his own

Sometimes parents complain that their child does not want to be alone with himself under any circumstances. The most likely reason is that the baby did not receive enough attention from his mother. For young children, contact with their mother is very important - physical and psychological. It is important to set aside at least 20 minutes to communicate with your baby - play with him, hug him and tell him something interesting. Afterwards he will be able to do without his mother for quite a long period.

If you devote some time exclusively to the child, then he will be able to play alone

There are other reasons why a child does not want to stay on his own. He may not feel very well and may be hungry. He may feel uncomfortable - cold, hot, or uncomfortable in new clothes.

You cannot leave your baby alone when he is not in the mood - upset about something, crying or simply being capricious. This can only aggravate his condition and leave a negative impression of playing independently. Next time it will be more difficult to leave the baby alone - he will remember this moment and will resist in advance the fact that they want to “abandon” him.

Sometimes elimination possible reasons the child’s dissatisfaction does not help, the baby still does not want to be left without his parents - he panics, screams, and holds on to his mother’s hand. Don't insist, it's better to wait a few days and try again. If a baby, who is already over two, is not ready to tear himself away from his mother even for 5-10 minutes, it makes sense to consult a child psychologist. The problem may turn out to be much deeper and more serious, and it will be difficult to cope with it without the participation of a specialist.

Organization of the game

When a child appears in the family, parents should immediately think about not only a place to sleep, but also a place where he will play. It is important that the playing space is comfortable and safe. Dr. Komarovsky advises to get down to the level of the baby’s growth and look around - you can see a lot of interesting things. You shouldn’t rely on prohibitions - your baby may get carried away and forget that he can’t go into the socket. It is better to make sure that he cannot harm himself. Various cabinets and drawers pose a danger - not only with the possibility of pinching a finger, but also with the contents. It is necessary that scissors, knives, compasses, fragile and breakable objects are out of reach of the child.

Particular attention should be paid to organizing the storage of toys. If they are simply stacked in the corner, the room will quickly turn into a cluttered, untidy room. In addition, the child will not be able to learn to fold cars and dolls, leaving order after his actions. You need to think about a place for each type of toys - store them on open shelves, in special baskets or boxes.

Psychologists advise not to give your child many toys at once. You need to allocate a small amount for him to study, and remove the rest. When the baby has played enough with the allocated amount, you can hide them and offer him others that he has not seen for a long time. Then the baby will be interested in what he is doing and will not get bored with the game for a long time.

What is suitable for independent play?

So that the child does not lose interest in the game and does not get tired, you need to choose the right toys for him. You should not leave him alone with a complex educational or board game that he cannot figure out without the participation of an adult. It is better to choose familiar objects or offer a plot in which he can become a participant himself. Toys that are best suited for independent study:

All kinds of objects for imitation professional activity: doctor's kit, hairdresser's kit, carpenter's tools, sewing machine, washing machine.
Soft toys or dolls that the baby will not part with - he puts them next to him in bed, sits them at the table and takes them on trips.
Items not intended for play - cardboard boxes, pillows, can lids, pieces of fabric. Sometimes a baby skillfully turns simple things into anything.
A children's tent is ideal for independent play, in which the child can sit comfortably. Instead of a purchased house, you can use a chair covered with a blanket.
Games that the child has already mastered and must understand without the help of adults are suitable - puzzles, sorters, mosaics, construction sets, etc.

Household items can also be great toys for a child.

It is better not to use sports toys - balls, hoops, jump ropes. A child may hit a closet or chandelier with a ball, slip, or fall. Also, you should not give him interactive toys - they do not allow the imagination to develop and limit possible options developments of events. On the contrary, you need to strive to develop the child’s initiative and imagination so that he can occupy himself.

Let's sum it up

In order for a child to learn to play independently, parents must ensure that several conditions are met. We talked about them above, but now let’s briefly recall the most important requirements:

Creating safe conditions for play, allocating sufficient space.
Preliminary close communication with the offspring so that he does not feel abandoned.
Adequate response to requests for help. The mother should not leave for a long time and not respond to the baby’s call.
Developing imagination, training the habit of keeping yourself busy.
Encouragement for independence, praise from mom.
A smooth increase in the time allotted for autonomous activities.

Teaching a child to play independently is not so difficult (we recommend reading:). You need to act consistently, not forgetting about the chosen model of behavior with your baby, even when visiting. The baby will gradually learn to entertain himself. This process will be soft and comfortable if mom and dad support the child, regularly devote at least a little time to him and encourage new achievements.

A healthy child of the first three years of life is usually in an active, active state during wakefulness. His activities are very diverse - he looks, listens, touches various objects, observes the actions of others, natural phenomena, plays a lot and in a variety of ways, communicates with adults and children, talks with them, happily carries out small assignments, etc.

The entire development of a child occurs precisely in the process of his activity, in the process of actively responding to environmental irritations.

In the process of a particular activity, all movements are developed and coordinated. The child masters many basic actions: holding an object, opening, closing, inserting, and later drawing, sculpting. Only active activity is capable of causing and maintaining an emotionally positive, cheerful state, a state of optimal excitability of the central nervous system, while inactivity and passivity lead either to a depressed, lethargic state, or to sudden outbursts of excitement.

In the process of this or that activity, the child forms various relationships with children and adults, and speech develops. In actions with various objects, the child exercises and improves his senses (vision, hearing, touch, etc.). At the same time, he effectively, and therefore more comprehensively and thoroughly, becomes acquainted with the properties of surrounding objects, acquires primary knowledge about size, color, shape, and quantity. By observing and then displaying the phenomena of the surrounding life in his play, the child consolidates his knowledge. In the process of various activities, the child develops perception, attention, memory, imagination, emotions, and thinking. He gradually begins to navigate his surroundings better and gains experience. Carrying out various practical instructions from adults, participating in their work as much as possible, and self-service forms a positive “attitude towards work” in the child. And all this together contributes to the bookmark “ positive traits character and personality of the child.

Considering this great importance activities for the formation of the child’s entire behavior, it is necessary to provide the most favorable conditions for the development and gradual enrichment of various types of children’s activities - primarily games, movements, observations, relationships, practical activities (carrying out orders from adults, participating in their work as much as possible).

A child’s independent activity is of great importance for his development and behavior (the ability to find something to do on his own, to concentrate on something, to develop initiative, etc.). During this independent activity a child can not only consolidate, but also improve what arose as a result of the educational influence of an adult. Proper organization of children's independent activities is also necessary in order not to condemn them to a passive state at a time when the sister is busy feeding or toileting individual children and therefore cannot work with the rest.

In order for the child to play well himself and, while playing, to develop, so that the game brings him a lot of joy, creates good health and cultivates certain positive traits, the following is necessary: 1) sufficient space, a convenient place; 2) a set of toys and aids, different for different ages; 3) frequent and correct communication between sister and nanny with children during play; 4) impressions of the surrounding life, in particular the opportunity to see various actions of adults and children.

Already from the end of the first month of life, the child begins to experience very short, but gradually lengthening periods of active wakefulness. During these short intervals, you need to take the child in your arms, talk to him tenderly, trying to fix his gaze on you, and hang bright toys (balls, rattles, celluloid toys) from the crib.

From 6 weeks, warmly dressed babies (wrapped up to the armpits in a blanket) should be placed on the a short time into the playpen, talk to them, lower toys over them, trying different ways attract children's attention to them, cause visual and auditory concentration.

Children from 2 to 9 months, as a rule, should not be in beds during wakefulness, but in specially equipped spacious playpens with a sufficient number of various toys appropriate to the children’s age.

In the playpen, children can be better served by their sister and nanny in educational and hygienic terms than when they lie in beds at different ends of the room. In addition, in the playpen, children have a greater opportunity to move and get more impressions.

For children up to 2-3 months old, large and bright toys are hung at a distance of 50 cm above the chest on a bracket specially attached to the playpen. From 3 months of age, toys are lowered so that children can touch them with their hands, feel them and grab them. Bilbokes suspended in the form of a trapezoid, tied rattles, rings, etc. are good for this purpose. From 4 months of age, toys should be hung a little higher in order to develop in children the ability to accurately direct their hands towards them. Various balls, rattles, wooden pendants, etc. are convenient for this.

If children are able to grasp and hold objects quite well, toys should not be hung up, but given to children in their hands and placed in the playpen so that the children themselves take them. In order for a child to wave toys, tap them, and transfer them from hand to hand, it is necessary to give him a variety of rattles, balls, eggs, marbles, rings, bowls, rubber, celluloid dolls, etc.

To develop basic actions with objects, for example, taking out and putting in, some of the toys provided to 8-10 month old children should be placed in bowls, basins or cubes, and the rest of the toys should be placed around the playpen so that children crawl towards them, stand up and step over them. along the barrier.

In addition to the toys that children play with, there should also be other objects in the room, for example, a large doll, a rooster, a bright celluloid duck, a clock, paintings of domestic animals, etc. At the age of 7-9 months, children should be shown these objects and named , invite children to look for them in the room by name and thereby contribute to the development of speech understanding.

From 9 months of age, healthy and normally developed children spend their waking hours not in the playpen, but on the floor.

During the period when children are not yet able to walk independently, i.e. for sliders, special conditions must be provided: sufficient area for crawling and various devices for the development of movements - a slide, a ladder for climbing, barriers and other objects for standing up and walking near a fixed support, large wooden boxes on which children can climb and put toys in them, special low oblong tables with retractable drawers and cabinets, etc. A mandatory accessory for games for children of this age are gurneys, which are absolutely necessary for the development of independent walking in children . Children should be given objects that can be shifted and stacked on top of each other, for example bricks, cubes; for opening and closing, various boxes with lids, loose cups, cubes, mushrooms are given; for putting on, sticking in - pyramids, rings, benches with holes and sticks for them; for the development of general movements - large balls, balls, baskets; for naming - dolls, dogs, bears, cats, etc.

For children who can already walk independently, they need a fairly spacious playroom, equipped with a variety of aids for independent active and calm, focused games.

Under the influence of speech development, play in children of the second and third year of life becomes more varied and rich in content. At this age, children run a lot, climb, love outdoor games, so they need to be provided with reins, hoops, boards, toy locomotives, cars, bicycles, etc., at the same time, children in their games begin to reflect the actions of the adults around them and impressions from the life around them. These games are valuable for the development of higher neuropsychic functions, so you need to have in the group all the necessary aids for such games - dolls with various sets of toys (furniture, dishes, clothes), items for dressing up (colored scarves, aprons), a set of various toy animals , ropes, colored shreds, small suitcases, baskets, etc.

For children who can already build with cubes and love this activity, the games room must have large and small building materials and various constructive toys (geometric tabs, construction sets, mosaics, etc.).

Looking at books and pictures is very useful for children, so the group should always have various pictures on plywood or; cardboard, children's books with varied content from the lives of children and animals. Books can be purchased or made by the staff themselves from postcards, pictures cut out from books, magazines, etc. You should also have drawing supplies in the group - a board and chalk, a pencil and paper.

But simply providing children with toys is not enough. The main condition wellness children and the gradual complication of their independent play is frequent communication with them by their sister and nanny and certain guidance in the children’s play.

Children can't for a long time be left to their own devices, and the smaller they are, the more often the sister’s communication with them should be. Even during hygiene processes, the nurse should approach the playpen in the chest group or the sliders playing on the floor as often as possible. Having made, for example, a toilet for one child, before taking another for this purpose, you need to go to the playpen and talk to the children, give them toys, etc. All the time free from carrying out the processes, the sister should play and study with one child, then with several children, pursuing various educational goals - to complicate the child’s play, to interest him in something, to show him how to use toys in a new way, to focus his attention on the game, to provoke him into conversation, etc.

Communication between a sister and children can be carried out in the form of cooperative game, joint observation, examination, instructions, questions, storytelling, demonstrations, direct teaching of various new actions with toys and conversation about these actions, entertainment shows (puppet theater, dramatizations, displays of wind-up toys), fun games (hide and seek, catch-up, games like “horned goat”, “white-sided magpie”, etc.). However, all this should not have the character of a strict regulation of the entire content of the game, but should be expressed in the form of a living emotional communication with children in order to stimulate and gradually complicate their independent activities.

For the full development of children, in addition to proper organization their independent activities, it is also necessary to conduct special classes.

The mental development of a child is formed in the process of his activities. Playing and acting with objects are the main activities of children of the second and third year of life. The game takes great place in a child’s life: all the time not occupied by sleeping, feeding, or studying, he plays. This is his natural state. The game gives the child a lot of joy and is accompanied by positive emotions: he is surprised when he receives new information, rejoices at the achievement desired result, communication with adults and peers. Play is a path to understanding the world around us.

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« Children's independent games"

Prepared by teacher Avksentyeva N.M.

G.Uray

2012

Independent games for children

The mental development of a child is formed in the process of his activities. Playing and acting with objects are the main activities of children of the second and third year of life. This activity differs from classes in that it occurs on the initiative of the baby himself. Play occupies a large place in a child’s life: all the time not occupied by sleeping, feeding, or studying, he plays. This is his natural state. The game brings a lot of joy to the child and is accompanied by positive emotions: he is surprised when receiving new information, rejoices in achieving the desired result, communicating with adults and peers. Play is a path to understanding the world around us.

In play, a child gets acquainted with the properties of objects, while he “experiments” a lot, shows initiative, and creativity. During the game, attention is formed. Imagination, memory, thinking develop such important qualities, as activity, independence in solving game problems. It is in the game that the first positive relationships with peers: interest in the games of other children, and in the future - the ability to take into account the interests of group mates.

During independent activities, children develop positive relationships and emotional and business connections with adults. Children are drawn to those who study and play with them; quickly adopt the tone of an adult’s attitude (attention, affection, sympathy) and themselves begin to show such feelings towards each other. Already in the second year of life, children very clearly listen to the teacher’s assessment of their activities and are guided by it.

For a teacher, organizing children’s independent play activities is one of the most difficult sections of work, since, on the one hand, he must, without suppressing the child’s initiative. Skillfully guide his play, on the other hand, teach the baby to play independently. A teacher can properly organize independent play activities only if he knows well not only the features mental development child, but also the developmental features of pupils in this group.

Features of organizing independent

activities of children of the second year of life

In the second year of life, types of independent play activity children. These are games associated with movements: with a ball, motor toys (car, cart), climbing on and off a slide, sledding outside in winter, etc.

A large place is occupied by the cognitive orienting activity of the baby. It manifests itself first of all in examining the surroundings, then in observation, looking at pictures and books.

Satisfying his needs for knowledge of the environment, the baby acts a lot with objects - with building material, With educational toys, with a simple construction set, with folding pictures and with tools - a braid with which he drives the car, a hammer, hammering nails into holes, with a specially made machine made of plastic or wood and other objects.

In the second half of the second year of life, the child exhibits object-based, playful, conditioned actions with toys - a doll, a dog, a bunny and others, while children already in the first half of the year not only reproduce learned actions, but also reflect what they themselves see in life.

During the baby’s independent activity, on his own initiative, for various reasons communicate with an adult. The inclusion of an adult in the game gives them great joy. The child observes how an adult acts, turns to him, demonstrating the results of his activities, and together look at a book, draw something for him, help him fix a broken toy, etc.

One of the conditions on which the development of a child’s play activity largely depends is correct selection toys, benefits. It is determined by the nature of the activities of children of a certain age. Thus, the group should have toys that provide the child’s activities.

To develop movements, you first need space. Among the major benefits that stimulate physical activity, you need to have a slide with a ramp, a barrier table (for children at the beginning of the second year of life), around which the kids not only move well, but also play with educational toys. Let us remind you that you cannot attach toys to the table; this reduces the activity of children in choosing the right toy and does not allow them to examine the object or pick it up.

Small aids should include balls different sizes, strollers, cars, hoops. Large moving toys are stored in the area so as not to clutter up the area needed for movement in the room. It is not recommended to attach a wall bars or install a ladder in a group of children in their second year of life, since these aids require the teacher to constantly monitor their use. Children cannot use such benefits on their own.

The group should also have material for examining objects in the surrounding world, obtaining a variety of impressions, which is changed from time to time. These are tabletop paintings (2-3) with scenes accessible to children: “Tanya feeds the pigeons”, “Children are dancing”, “Cat with kittens”, etc. It is good if the teacher specially makes models (1-2) for viewing. This can be a winter model (a doll sledding down a mountain) or a spring model (a blossoming branch with a bird sitting on it). You can hang a panel based on familiar fairy tales. It is better to place the slide by the window so that children can watch what is happening behind it. The group should have an aquarium with large fish. To look at books and pictures, you should set aside a special place by the window. The teacher gives the books stored on the shelf if the child asks.

What is the best way to arrange toys in a playroom? It depends on what age the playroom is being prepared for. The experience of children in the first half of the second year of life is still small, and preparation for the game is carried out either by one teacher, or (closer to the children reaching 1 year 6 months) together with the children. At the same time, the teacher creates so-called prompts game situations: for example, he places a plate next to the dog, puts the bear in a stroller, puts dolls at a table with dishes placed on it, puts educational toys on the barrier table, and several pictures on the table by the window. Such situations direct the baby’s attention to one activity or another.

In the second half of the year, children already have quite a lot of experience and, having learned to navigate in a group, begin to prepare game situations for themselves. So, knowing where the dolls and dishes are located, they themselves find a doll, a plate, a spoon and begin to feed their “daughter.” Therefore, in the second half of the year, when organizing children’s play, the teacher can already place toys in different places rooms so that children do not gather in one place and disturb each other.

The place for playing with educational toys is located near the cabinet or shelf. Where are they located. There should be toys that help develop the ability to distinguish the color, size, shape of objects, as well as a tabletop builder, small toys in a box that kids can use in independent games, a construction set, folding pictures and other board games.

You should also determine a place for playing with large building material, which is located on the shelf. There are also large toys here - animals, cars, which are used in construction games. Playing with a large builder should take place on a mat that prevents children from hypothermia and reduces excessive noise.

Toy furniture - table, chairs, bed - is placed in the doll corner. It should be large enough and durable, since kids love not only to sit a doll on a chair, but also to sit on it themselves. In addition to story toys, there should be appropriate attributes: dishes, clothes, blankets, towels, baths, etc. Since children of the second year of life love to dress up, in the doll corner you need to hang a mirror and everything for dressing up: scarves, aprons.

Children of the second year of life reproduce imaginary actions and play with substitute objects. For these purposes, you can use a toy washbasin, around which such actions are played out. Like washing dishes, pouring water from a tap, bathing dolls, etc. while kids use cubes as soap. Smaller toys - toy scissors, syringes, combs (plastic) - enrich children's games and are given to them under the supervision of an adult. These toys can be stored on high shelves so that children can see them, but can only be taken with the help of an adult.

Which parent doesn’t dream of children playing independent games at least some of the time, without involving you in this activity. Of course, with age, both children will spend a lot of time with each other, reluctantly being distracted by their parents, but while the children are small, they hardly know how to play games on their own. But the need to distract the children with something remains, especially for those parents who work from home.

Most often, in those moments when parents urgently need free time, those things and activities that are prohibited in Everyday life. When you think about what you can do to occupy your children, unimaginable things come to mind such as a mother's bag, or a cosmetic bag, drawers with underwear or buttons - something that will give you 20 minutes of the necessary time, but you are well aware that things will be either scattered or damaged. Moreover, two children can simply quarrel over the desire to possess some of the gizmos, and instead of the desired freedom, you will get both a scandal and a mess. And from a pedagogical point of view, such behavior is not correct: if it’s really impossible, then it’s really impossible, but then how will the child guess whether it’s possible or not?

Nevertheless, this method works, and abandoning it is also not entirely correct. However, there are other ways to entertain children. Of course, to begin with, it’s worth getting both of them into the game, and when game process will go on regardless of your presence in it - you can mysteriously disappear and go about your business. Now we will try to offer you old and new ideas on how to organize creativity and games for two children. Perhaps you forgot something. But they didn’t know something!

40 independent activities and games for two children

Children, starting from one and a half years old, willingly play outdoor games, draw and sculpt, and children over two years old are fond of role-playing games, especially if they have an older friend. However, these games do not require the participation of parents, and children can indulge in them completely independently.

Method number 1: Puzzles

If you want to find a calm way to entertain children that does not involve crazy destruction of the entire living space, then these are puzzles. Each child can be given a set appropriate to his age, while the older one can help the baby, and he, in turn, can scatter, chew or lick the elder’s puzzles.

Method number 2: Soap bubbles

The most fun independent games are not always the most difficult. Sometimes it's enough to give to children bubble. If age allows, then each of the children can blow translucent miracles, competing to see who can blow them out. large quantity, and who – the bubble is larger. And if the younger one has not yet matured, he can catch up and burst the older one’s bubbles.

Method number 3: Creativity kits

Manufacturers in all countries spend hours thinking about the same thing you are thinking about - what to do with children. That is why you will find many creativity kits on the shelves of children's stores. If you and your children have already done something similar, then the kids will be happy to try to repeat it on their own.

These sets, as a rule, are not very expensive, but you can prepare something similar yourself. By spending a couple of evenings cutting out appliqués, plaster or salt dough baked figures for coloring, and cutting out felt, you will save both time and money. And then you can issue sets individually and not every day.

Method number 4: Magic markers

Kids will be delighted with markers that can be used to both draw and erase them - if you have a marker board, this is it. What do you need!

There are also toys and cards on which you can draw with these markers, and then wash them directly with your hands.

Method #5: Constructors

The longest games are those with toys that have a lot of parts. That is why Lego, mosaics, cubes and construction sets are always beyond competition. Feel free to leave the kids with these magical toys and go about your business.

Method number 6: House for toys

Even boys will enjoy playing in the house for toys and animals. Well, girls have been told to play with doll houses for all centuries of gender division of toys. Setting up a home for your favorite toys is a great idea for something to keep children occupied for quite a long time.

A wonderful option for boys or two children of different sexes would be to play not with young lady dolls, but with animals, figurines of both sexes, or with the participation of a male version of the doll. House sets from LEGO and Sylvanian Families are ideal in this regard.

However, the houses are quite expensive, which means you and your children can make a real palace out of a cardboard box and cover it with real wallpaper. And then children will play with this toy, made by themselves and their parents, for a long time.

Method number 7: Coloring pages

A great way to keep both children occupied for a long time is through coloring books. They require almost no imagination from children, unlike drawing (“Mom, draw for me...”) and can keep kids occupied from 10 minutes to half an hour. Moreover, children easily master such activities and games on their own.

Someone buys ready-made coloring books according to age, someone prints them on a printer, someone cuts out figures from paper and lets the children color them - all methods are good!

Method number 8: Colorful world

While children are given pencils and markers regularly, paints are a special product that requires water, neatness, and mother’s supervision. However, you can sometimes leave children alone with paints by laying a sufficient number of oilcloths both on and under the table.

Method number 9: Interactive books

Modern books give children many tasks for attention, dexterity, and logic. These same books tell children fairy tales, sing songs and play cheerful music.

Method #10: Blankets and sheets

Oddly enough, in order for children to play independently, it is enough to give them... just two blankets! This unique game, the rules of which only children know.

The main thing is that both kids have a lot of fun, and you are free!

Method No. 11: Children's developmental sports centers

Play centers are quite popular with many children. Some of them are liked by kids more, some less, some even include a home slide, and some include ropes, ropes and ladders. But it’s very fun and useful for children to spend time like this.

Method number 12: Flash games in reality

You can turn any games with overcoming obstacles into real life, laying out various objects, mugs, things, coins, ribbons, ropes on the floor. Then you can give the children the command to overcome all the laid out obstacles by crawling, jumping, running, or on all fours. You can even “turn on” them at the start with a special remote control - and they will be toys.

Once you have shown and taken the time to teach this game, you can then safely leave the kids to do this activity - they can handle it! In addition, such independent games contribute to the development of many useful qualities both children.

Method number 13: Musical instruments in four hands

Quite often, children play on a children's synthesizer, but its sound is too quiet, so it gets boring pretty quickly. But a real synthesizer, taken from parents’ supplies or bought at a low price, can captivate them for a long time. So are drums, tambourines, pipes and harmonicas.

Method number 14: Let the children take a bath... without water!

The bathroom can be not only a place for hygiene, but also a creative space. You can introduce the kids to a dry bath with finger paints, tile markers, or even just watercolors. This will keep the kids occupied for a long time, and then you can easily wash everything – both the bath and the children.

Method number 15: Let's put the children in the bath... with water!

But feel free to ignore the advice to leave children alone in a filled bath, it’s too dangerous. But you can give them a bowl of water, placing it directly in the bathtub, and give them a task - wash toys, wash clothes for dolls, or wash children's dishes. And also by launching fish, pirate ships and mermaids into the water.

Method No. 16: Playing “mother-daughter” dolls

This entertainment is more suitable for girls, but some boys are also able to support this game. Dolls can be fed, watered, put on a potty, changed clothes, walked with them, rolled in a stroller, and given holidays for them (see point 3).

Method No. 17: Creator and Destroyer

If your youngest child has not yet grown up to adult games with construction sets and blocks, you can arrange a game in which one child is a creator who builds a city or even a whole world, and the second is a destroyer who destroys what has already been built.

Method number 18: Long live TV!

Not the healthiest, but the most effective method To keep both children busy is to turn on cartoons for them. You shouldn’t overuse it, but it will do from time to time as an effective distraction maneuver.

Method number 19: Tablet to be torn to pieces

Many games adapted for kids can be downloaded to your tablet. Children, even the tiniest ones, already confidently open the necessary icons on the touch screen and play with pleasure. For older children there are educational programs in Russian, English and just the alphabet.

The hardest part is getting the kids to take turns without taking each other's tablets away. But as an option, the eldest of the children can be offered a phone or laptop as an alternative.

Method number 20: New is well forgotten old

There is nothing more exciting than a new toy. Or - a well-forgotten old one. Almost all teachers argue that it is impossible to dump all available toys in front of children - one third is enough, but it is better to remove the remaining two thirds. After you are already tired of the first toys, you can change the “exposition”. Having missed such toys, children willingly spend their time with them.

Method number 21: Cut and shred

An effective way to entertain your children is a game in which the older one simply cuts out pictures from magazines and newspapers with safety scissors, and the younger one either glues the cutout onto a piece of paper or enthusiastically tears the newspaper into shreds. The downside is the need for subsequent cleaning. There are more advantages: you have free time, children develop fine motor skills.

Method number 22: The heap is small

If distracting the children is more important than sacrificing cleanliness and order, you can give the kids several types of food, for example, pasta, beans, peas, dried fruits. Mix it up - let the children arrange and sort the pile. However, throwing it all around is much more interesting, especially if there are two kids. One child is more diligent and determined to engage in quiet play than two. And be even more careful, make sure that children don’t put small items in the nose or ears.

Method number 23: Bodypainting

Is there greater happiness for children than decorating the body of their brother or sister with art? own production? Face painting is an excellent invention that can captivate kids with body painting for a long time.

If it comes to girls, they may well be allowed to use children’s decorative cosmetics - they are allowed from the age of two. Well, or introduce young ladies to the elite cosmetics of the world's leading cosmetic corporations - giving your cosmetics bag to be torn to pieces.

Method number 24: Making a house

The house is a special play space that can develop children's imagination and be the main testing ground for many role-playing games. You can make it from blankets and sofa pillows, under the ironing board, under the table - it would be a fantasy!

Method number 25: Miracle cube

Not a single shopping center can boast such a success among children as a homemade cube, on which everything that is in ordinary life- "it is forbidden". And doorbells, and horns, and locks with keys, and a door chain, and a switch with a light bulb - you can place many interesting objects there from the point of view of children. If dad has golden hands, this can still work, giving light from a light bulb and sound from pressing.

Method number 26: Guess the melody

This game is for children from three years old. If there are several toys in the arsenal musical instruments, then you can play the following game: one baby turns away, the second makes a sound on one of the children's musical instruments. The first one guesses which one. And if a drum can be easily distinguished from a xylophone, then three pipes can easily be confused.

Method number 27: Color and shape

Two kids can sort objects and toys based on color and shape. This can be framed: as a lesson - when the elder names and the younger shows, as a competition - who is faster, and as a quest - collect all the blue toys, find all the square-shaped objects in the room.

And kids’ socks are beautiful, bright and varied, unlike men’s. That is why you can mix the socks of both children and invite them to sort this motley disgrace by finding a pair for each of the socks. This is not only interesting, but also trains the memory and attention of both children.

Method No. 28: Cooking for dummies

If the children are already schoolchildren, they can be trusted to cook their own food by giving them a simple recipe. And if the children are still small, they will like to assemble sandwiches themselves from the parts you cut, it’s almost like a construction set, but you can also eat it. In addition, even such ingredients as chopped peppers, turnips or other vegetables are eaten under this bench. And we played and ate. And kids can also help the elders: beat meat with a hammer, cut out cookies, roll meatballs, beat eggs with a whisk, and much more!

Method number 29: Beauty salon – do your own hair!

Do you think this is a girls' privilege? And you think right! If you have two girls, doing your sister’s hair yourself is a tremendous pleasure. Take all the hairpins, all the elastic bands, give the little ones a mirror and combs - and forget about the children for 20-30 minutes.

But children of different sexes, and even two boys, can play at the hairdresser - with great pleasure making their brother a mohawk, horns, or styling his hair with hair gel.

Method number 30: Board games

There are now a huge number of board games for sale for all ages, from the newest to the classics. We will talk about many of them in much more detail, devoting separate articles to this. But, be that as it may, it really can captivate both children for a very long time.

Method #31: Bowling!

You can buy a toy bowling alley, and in stores there are both cheap and very high-quality expensive variations of the game, or you can build a game from improvised materials. Skittles can be replaced plastic bottles, and the ball is a rubber ball. You can add water to the bottles to make them heavier.

Method number 32: Tennis court at your home

Have you already imagined broken window, and a split sideboard? Relax, you can play tennis in a less traumatic way for your apartment. All you need to do is attach handles to disposable paper plates and inflate them balloon. And then create a game that combines tennis and badminton. By the way, you can also play badminton with a children’s light shuttlecock in an apartment.

Method number 33: Roads, roads...

You can buy a carpet with road markings, or you can make roads directly on the floor using electrical tape. Launch cars on the highway, place characters from Kinder Surprises or small toys - let them catch a taxi, cross the road, work as traffic cops. At the same time, kids will learn the rules of the road.

Method number 34: Electrical tape instead of chalk

Children can easily “draw” on the floor using electrical tape. For example, they can make homemade hopscotch or any other game that requires marking.

Method number 35: Darts without sharp objects

An impromptu darts tournament can be held without special equipment - just a couple of crayons and ordinary foam sponges. Draw a target on the wall or floor and have the kids compete to see who can accurately throw the sponges right at the bull's eye.

Method number 36: Balloons

It seems that Balloons– a purely decorative element designed to lift your spirits. However, if you use your imagination, games with them will be very different and very fun!

You can inflate them and, without tying them, let them fly around the room, with the older one inflating them, developing the lungs, and the younger one catching the “fugitive” and bringing him back. You can play a game - don't drop the ball by throwing it over your head - and stop your brother or sister from holding the ball. You can throw balloons like a ball, you can paint them with markers, you can teach children to make figures from oblong balloons, and come up with many other interesting things using balloons.

Method number 37: Clothing store

Arrange to try on things under the guise of playing shopping. Children will be happy to try on and sort out both their own clothes and their parents’ clothes. At the same time, glancing at the children playing, you can pay attention to the fact that some of the things are no longer enough, and what needs to be sewn up or washed.

And if you provide children with a cash register, the equivalent of money and the right idea, then ordinary trying on clothes will turn into a game of shopping.

Method number 38: Pillow fight

There is no particular point in explaining this game; everyone has known it since childhood. But to become its instigator and then go about your own business is a nice thing. Children will enthusiastically pick up the game, captivated by pillow fights for a long time. You can complicate it by selecting a limited rectangle of a blanket laid on the floor for the battle - whoever goes beyond the border loses.

Method number 39: Puppet theater

Changing places, children can take turns being both spectators and actors, giving a performance based on famous fairy tales or inventing their own stories.

There are many ready-made variations sold in stores, but it is quite easy to build such a theater yourself. But children need to be accustomed to such a game by showing and explaining it several times, then they will easily play the theater on their own.

Method number 40: Let there be dancing!

Turn on some exciting music and invite the kids to get crazy and dance to it. Show them some simple moves! And they will happily learn to control their own body.

It’s boring to dance alone, but together it’s very fun. Tired of dancing? Turn on karaoke!

Independent play is an important stage of growing up

If the only child in the family says that he is bored quite often, then it is much easier to come up with something to keep the children occupied together. Having a playmate, kids are more willing to let their parents do their adult things. It is possible and necessary to teach children to play games on their own, but over time children will come to this on their own as the only possible option.

In the meantime, most of the methods of entertainment without the participation of parents are very destructive for your home, and for starters, you can suggest that both offspring find something to do in their toy boxes. What if they play on their own, calmly letting you go away from them for a while?

However, from the moment when kids begin to master independent games, you will have to think less and less about how to entertain children - an amazing children's imagination will give them a whole world, and your task is to give them an idea and a couple of thematic items. Go for it!

The mental development of a child is formed in the process of his activities. Playing and acting with objects are the main activities of children of the second and third year of life. This activity differs from classes in that it occurs on the initiative of the baby himself. Play occupies a large place in a child’s life: all the time not occupied by sleeping, feeding, or studying, he plays. This is his natural state. The game brings a lot of joy to the child and is accompanied by positive emotions: he is surprised when receiving new information, rejoices in achieving the desired result, communicating with adults and peers. Play is the way for children to understand the world around them.

In play, a child gets acquainted with the properties of objects, while he “experiments” a lot, shows initiative, and creativity. During the game, attention, imagination, memory, thinking are formed, such important qualities as activity and independence in solving game problems are developed. It is in play that the first positive relationships with peers are formed: interest in the games of other children, the desire to join in their play, the first joint games, and later the ability to take into account the interests of group mates.

For a teacher, organizing children’s independent play activities is one of the most difficult sections of work, since, on the one hand, he must, without suppressing the child’s initiative, skillfully direct his play, and on the other hand, teach the child to play independently. A teacher will be able to properly organize independent play activities only if he knows well not only the characteristics of the mental development of children of the age with whom he works, but also the characteristics of the development of pupils of the entire group.

Features of organizing independent activities of children of the second year of life

In the second year of life, certain types of independent play activities of children are observed. These are games associated with movements: with a ball, motor toys (car, cart), climbing on and off a slide, sledding outside in winter, etc.

A large place is occupied by the cognitive orienting activity of the baby. It manifests itself first of all in examining the surroundings, then in observation, looking at pictures and books.

Satisfying his needs for knowledge of the environment, the baby acts a lot with objects - with building materials, with educational toys, with a simple construction set, with folding pictures and with tools - the braid with which he drives the car, with a hammer, hammering nails into holes, with special a machine made of plastic or wood and other items.

In the second half of the second year of life, the child exhibits object-based conditional actions with toys - a doll, a dog, a bunny and others, while children already in the first half of the year not only reproduce learned actions with objects, but also reflect what they themselves often see in life .

During independent activities, children, on their own initiative, communicate with adults for various reasons. The inclusion of an adult in the game gives them great joy. The child observes how an adult acts, turns to him, demonstrating the results of his activities, and asks him to look at books together, draw something for him, help him fix a broken toy, etc.

One of the conditions on which the development of a child’s play activity largely depends is the correct selection of toys and aids. It is determined by the nature of the activities of children of a certain age. Thus, the group should have toys that provide all types of child activity.

To develop movements, you first need space. Among the major aids that stimulate physical activity, you need to have a slide with a ramp, a barrier table (for children at the beginning of the second year of life), around which children not only move well, but also play with educational toys. Let us remind you that you cannot attach toys to the table; this reduces the activity of children in choosing the right toy and does not allow them to examine the object or pick it up.

Small aids should include balls of different sizes, strollers, cars, and hoops. Large moving toys are stored in the area so as not to clutter up the area needed for movement in the room. It is not recommended to attach a wall bars or install a stepladder in a group of children in their second year of life, since these aids require the teacher to constantly monitor their use. Children cannot yet use such benefits on their own.

The group should also have material for examining objects in the surrounding world, obtaining a variety of impressions, which is changed from time to time. These are wall paintings (2-3) with scenes accessible to children: “Tanya feeds the pigeons”, “Children are dancing”, “Cat with kittens”, etc. It is good if the teacher specially makes models (1-2) for viewing. This can be a winter model (a doll sledding down a mountain) or a spring model (a blossoming branch with a bird sitting on it). You can hang a panel based on familiar fairy tales. It is better to place the slide by the window so that children can watch what is happening behind it. The group should have an aquarium with large fish. To look at books and pictures, you should set aside a special place by the window. The teacher gives the books stored on the shelf if the child asks.

What is the best way to arrange toys in a playroom? It depends on what age the playroom is being prepared for. The experience of children in the first half of the second year of life is still small, and preparation for the game is carried out either by one teacher, or (closer to the children reaching 1 year 6 months) together with the children. At the same time, the teacher creates so-called prompting play situations: for example, he places a plate next to the dog, puts a bear in a stroller, puts dolls at a table with dishes placed on it, puts educational toys on a barrier table, and several pictures on a table by the window. Such situations direct the baby’s attention to one activity or another.

In the second half of the year, children already have quite a lot of experience and, having learned to navigate in a group, begin to prepare game situations for themselves. So, knowing where the dolls and dishes are located, they themselves find a doll, a plate, a spoon and begin to feed their “daughter.” Therefore, in the second half of the year, when organizing children’s play, the teacher can already place toys in different places in the room so that the children do not gather in one place and interfere with each other.

The place for playing with educational toys is located near the cabinet or shelf where they are located. There should be toys that help develop the ability to distinguish the color, size, shape of objects, as well as a tabletop builder, small toys in a box that kids can use in independent games, a construction set, folding pictures and other board games.

Children of the second half of the second year of life reproduce imaginary actions and play with substitute objects. For these purposes, you can use a toy washbasin, around which actions such as washing dishes, pouring water from a tap, bathing dolls, etc. are played out. In this case, kids use cubes as soap. Smaller toys - toy scissors, syringes, combs (plastic) - enrich children's games and are given to them under the supervision of an adult. These toys can be stored on high shelves so that children can see them, but can only be taken with the help of an adult.