Top 10 largest countries. The smallest countries. Russia is the largest country in terms of territory.

Hello, my dear researchers! Not so long ago you and I learned on earth. Continuing the theme, we are making a top ten, which will include the most big countries. We will focus on the territory, but we will not forget about the population.

Let's start, perhaps, from the end.

Lesson plan:

Algeria

An honorable tenth place in the world among giant countries in terms of area is occupied by the Algerian People's Democratic Republic, or simply Algeria. Largest country in North Africa covers 2,381,740 square kilometers. This is approximately 1.59% of the total land area of ​​the earth's surface, while about 80 percent of the state is covered by the Sahara Desert.

Increases accordingly international role countries. IN public opinion countries have growing confidence that Russia will become a key member of the international community, overcoming difficulties transition period, as it always has throughout its history, and becomes an economically prosperous and politically powerful force.

As a private investor, you don't just have to pay your own oil bills. plays a very important role for the economy, so that individual industries may suffer from rising prices or benefit from falling prices. This could have a significant impact on the company's profitability, which could again impact the share price.

Translated, the name Algeria means “islands”. It became famous for its gas and oil production, occupying the reserves of these natural resources 8th and 15th places in the world respectively. There are also ferrous and non-ferrous metals and ores here.

In Algeria there is an ink lake, which got its name due to its special water composition. Nature has arranged it in such a way that two rivers flow into the lake, one of which is rich in iron salts, and the other collects organic matter from peat bogs on its way. As a result of their connection, a chemical reaction occurs and ink is formed.

Experts have been warning for decades that oil reserves are low and we are forced to sharply reduce our consumption if we want to have long time black gold. As in the case of the reserve, an overview of oil reserves opens individual countries. It quickly becomes clear that the oil won't last forever. It is also interesting that new deposits are always being discovered and there are still huge resources that are not mentioned in many statistics.

Oil reserves are a global guarantee

Accurate data on the percentage of oil reserves is not very often available due to the dynamic development and varying transparency of individual countries. The data used here comes from. Saudi Arabia is the world leader in countries with the largest oil reserves. Almost 16% of the world's reserves are stored here. This is followed by Venezuela, where 14.7% of reserves are located. Canada ranks third, with 12.6%. Thus, these three countries have much more than 40% of the oil reserves.

Kazakhstan

In ninth place by square kilometers of area is one of the youngest states on the planet - Kazakhstan, approaching the figure of 2,724,902, or 1.82% of the land area. His most of located in Asia, and the smaller one belongs to Europe. The Russian-Kazakh border, at 7,512.8 kilometers, is considered the longest continuous land border.

Why does information constantly fluctuate?

This is followed by Iraq, Iraq, Kuwait, United United Arab Emirates, Russia, Libya and Kazakhstan 10th place with 2.4%. Overall, the top 10 countries with the largest oil reserves account for more than 83% of the world's reserves. Such signs are subject to great changes. On the one hand, it is necessary to use the number of energy conglomerates, which in this context can be considered self-evident. State information may also contain inaccuracies for the benefit of the States concerned.

It is noteworthy, however, that there is a big difference between reserves and resources. Typically, reserves are understood as those deposits that can be economically developed in accordance with modern level technology and in accordance with current state oil prices. On the other hand, resources are usually called deposits, which are not economically viable.

More than half of the country (58%) is covered by deserts and semi-deserts. Here is the second largest salt lake in the world, Balkhash, which has half fresh water and half salty water, and scientists cannot explain why this is so.

Kazakhstan became famous throughout the planet for the Baikonur cosmodrome, from where they launched for the first time in the world.

Now comes into play: rising prices may suddenly prove economical for opening and promoting hitherto uneconomical resources, since the proceeds can cover the relatively high financing costs. If, on the other hand, the price of oil rises, other cases may become uneconomical. In this context, the efficiency of resource use is also relevant.

How long do reserves last?

If certain regions of the world could consume the oil that they could promote, then within eight years North America would be without oil. On the other hand, the Middle East won't have to worry about it for the next 330 years. At today's oil consumption and price, it will still be about 40 years without new discoveries. It should be noted, however, that such forecasts have been around for a long time.

Argentina

The Argentine Republic occupies 2,766,890 square kilometers, or 1.85% of the land area. The second largest country in the South American continent and the eighth in the world.

Argentina means "land of silver". There is a lot of uranium and copper, lead and iron ore. The Argentine capital has the world's longest street, Avenue 9 de Julio, with 20,000 houses.

However, this is due to new discoveries of deposits or revaluation of known deposits that can now be used more efficiently or can be developed at all. It is clear, however, that this oil constant cannot last forever. Supplies are limited, and for this reason, sooner or later it will be inevitable to break away from dependence on oil and find alternatives.

What you need to know as a private investor

What this means for you as a private investor is that people and the economy remain heavily dependent on oil. Since supplies are not infinite, it is first necessary to assume that high levels of global consumption will not drive oil prices into the basement.

Argentina is also the birthplace of tango dance.

India

The South Asian state - the Republic of India ranks seventh due to its area of ​​3,287,263 square kilometers, which is 2.2% of the earth's landmass. Home to ancient civilizations such as Buddhism and Hinduism, India is also the world's second most populous country, second only to China. According to 2016 data, 1.3 billion people live here.

If there are actually bottlenecks in the future, supply and demand will push the price upward. On the other hand, humanity inevitably must reorient itself and is forced to break away from oil. If so, demand may fall accordingly. Success in investing in oil reserves offers good opportunities in the medium term as global energy demand grows and dependence on oil remains high. Investments in sectors with high level oil consumption should be considered for the same reason that costs in these industries can rise and affect profitability.

It was here, where the oldest civilization on earth arose long ago between the Indus and Ganges rivers, where the first chess appeared and the first cotton fabric was made.

Australia

As a private investor, you should look primarily at medium- and long-term development. A short increase or decrease in price can usually be offset. However, it should be assumed that a lot will happen in the oil market in the coming decades - trends need to be recognized at an early stage.

One of the criteria commonly used to classify countries, including donor countries of the Organization's Development Assistance Committee economic cooperation and development is one that is based on per capita income as the main factor for defining groups.

In sixth place, occupying the entire mainland and several more islands, is the state of Southern Hemisphere Australia. Its area is 7,686,850 sq. km, or 5.16% of the earth's land surface. Both the country and the continent have been named after it since 1824.

Formerly the territory of the Aboriginal people who settled here about 70,000 years ago, Australia is now an economically developed country, ranked 13th in global living standards, with active mining of uranium, coal and zirconium.

This classification is associated with the idea that countries should take responsibility for their own development after reaching a certain level of income. However, using arbitrary income limits to define categories has many important consequences.

In the first place - especially for countries that are close to the dividing line between one group and another - "graduation" may be achieved simply due to minor changes in economic conditions, but can lead to major changes in the field of development assistance, as the amount received by this concept, and the conditions - greater or lesser concession in which it is granted.

Koala bears, kangaroos and marsupial wolves also live here, which cannot be found in other parts of the world.

Brazil

The top five includes the largest in South America state federal Republic Brazil with an area of ​​8,511,965 sq.m., which is equal to 5.71% of the total land. Brazil has several archipelagos within its territory.

Second, the process of transition to a higher income category is not linear, and countries often revert to the previous state. This once again demonstrates that a change in category cannot be the result of fundamental changes in the reality of countries' development, but only reflects minor changes in economic conditions.

Finally, and most importantly, the use of income limits tends to group countries in a way that does not take into account complex nature development and diversity of situations existing in each group and in each member of these groups. In particular, middle-income countries, considered as a group, form the fundamental backbone of the global economy; represent a significant share of economic activity and trade and are home to the majority of the world's population and the majority of the world's poor.

It used to be called Terra da Vera Cruz, which translated as “land of the true cross”, then it became known as “land of the holy cross” from Terra da Sana Cruz. Later, according to one version, the country received its modern name from the name of the mahogany species PauBrasil.

Every Brazilian is a football player and a participant in carnivals. The largest river on the planet, the Amazon, flows through Brazil, on the coast of which significant gold reserves have been found.

However, a closer look at this group draws attention to the heterogeneity that exists among member countries. Grouping countries by income level fails to take into account the wide range of different opportunities and needs that exist among middle-income countries.

In Latin America and the Caribbean, almost 90% of countries are classified as middle income. Differences in different countries occur across a wide range of variables, not only related to the size and situation of the economy, but also to the social situation and structural conditions associated with development potential and productive characteristics.

The jungles of Brazil are called “the lungs of the Earth,” and this country is also considered the largest apple producer.

In addition, the fifth large country Brazil is also the largest country in terms of population, which has already exceeded 207 million.

America

However, donor countries and multilateral institutions rarely take this wide variety of opportunities and needs into account when setting priorities for the allocation of official development assistance. The logic over recent decades has been to direct the bulk of aid to countries with the lowest incomes, including countries classified as least developed countries, to the detriment of middle-income countries. It is assumed that since the latter have a higher average income, their needs should be lower.

America ranks fourth in the list of largest with a territory of 9,518,900 square meters, occupying 6.39% of the earth's landmass, slightly inferior to the Chinese, and also the third largest in terms of population with a population of 322,762,000 people.

The US will despair of the unique legal system: the basic law adopted back in 1787 - the Constitution is still in force today, having been supplemented only by some amendments. Despite this, America has the palm in terms of the number of crimes.

While the system is expected international cooperation will focus on alignment playing field in low-income countries and reducing the development gap with more developed countries, its mandate should not be limited to this goal. The international cooperation system must strive for a comprehensive and inclusive development response that takes into account not only the needs of low-income countries, but also takes into account the diverse needs and vulnerabilities of middle-income countries.

One country has 6 time zones, and its 50 states are so different that the smallest Roy Island is located on 4000 square kilometers, the largest area of ​​Alaska is 1,717,854 sq. km.

China

For this to be possible, it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of the areas of greatest need and vulnerability in each case and to identify the main gaps between needs and capabilities so that development assistance can be appropriately targeted.

An important step in this direction will be to review the methods used to classify countries and to replace current criteria with new indicators that are more suitable for this classification. These new indicators should be able to capture the multifaceted nature of the development problem and thus create less heterogeneous groups of countries.

Bronze in area goes to China with a territory of 6.44% of the total land area of ​​9,598,077 sq. km. But in terms of the number of inhabitants, no one has caught up with the People's Republic of China.

China's population is 1,410,550,000 people! That is, every fifth inhabitant of the planet is a Chinese citizen!

In particular, indicators should reflect structural problems and vulnerable areas in middle-income countries that are not captured by per capita income. In Latin America and the Caribbean, these long-term challenges and vulnerable areas can be summarized in that the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean represents key gaps that need to be closed in order to avoid being caught in the middle income trap and move towards a process of sustainable and dynamic development that has its own central axis.

Together with Indian, Chinese civilization is one of the most ancient. The Chinese have one of the most complex languages, containing 50,000 characters in the form of hieroglyphs. There are more than 7 completely different language dialects in the country, so it is not at all surprising that northern Chinese do not understand the inhabitants of southern China.

Canada

These are: the funding gap, the inequality gap and social protection, the human capital gap and the productivity and investment gap. In addition, the public finances of many donors have deteriorated significantly as a result of global crisis, which made it possible to reduce the level of assistance. As the post-crisis scenario has added new areas of vulnerability to those traditionally faced by some developing countries, the tension between scarce resources and great needs will continue.

Countries in the north and south unite in different time to develop innovative mechanisms for financing development. Proposals range from specific global taxes to mechanisms to facilitate private voluntary giving from one person to another. Some of the proposals are already underway, and the results are encouraging. However, much remains to be done, and the international community needs to do serious work in this direction.

Canada takes silver. It is located in most of North America on an area of ​​6.7% of the land, or 9,976,140 sq. km, and 75% of its territory is the northern zone, 31% of the total area is forests, so most of the country is climatic conditions not inhabited.

The Indian word “kanata” meant “settlement”, “village”. Heard by the French explorer and founder Cartier in 1536 among the local Iroquois residents, it took root and began to denote the name of the country.

Canada has the longest coastline, numbering 202,080 kilometers. And also here greatest number lakes than in all countries combined - more than 3 million. They provide 1/5 of the world's total fresh water supply.

On Canadian territory there is the northernmost point on earth - Alert station, where the armed forces Canada.

Russia

Can you guess the first time who is on the top step of the pedestal with gold?

We can also be proud of our country because it is the largest in area! Russia has 17,125,191 square kilometers, located on 11.5% of the earth's land surface in both Europe and Asia, sharing common borders with 18 other states. Compare Russian territory possible with the area of ​​Pluto, and the silver champion of Canada, Russia, is 1.7 times larger.

In addition, with a population of 146,544,700 Russians, our country is one of the ten largest in terms of population, ranking 9th.

On the territory of our country there is the largest plain in the world - the West Siberian.

This is where the longest Railway on the planet - the Trans-Siberian Railway, connecting the distance of 9,298 km between Moscow and Vladivostok, covering 87 settlements and crossing 16 rivers, passing through 8 time zones.

Russia is the only country washed by as many as 12 seas! And the most important thing multinational state on earth - the largest supplier natural gas and is one of the three oil leaders.

This is how the top ten giant countries turned out.

By the way, did you know that the area of ​​the Earth is 510,072,000 sq. km, of which 148,939,063 sq. km are on land. In the entire history of states, the largest in territory was British Empire, which by 1921, together with all its colonies, totaled 36.6 million square kilometers.

That's all for today. With wishes for a successful school finish, your “ShkolaLa”.

10 largest countries by area

Among the world's countries, there are very large ones, and there are very small ones, which we have already written about. Today we will talk about the largest states on our planet. In this matter, there are two criteria for determining the TOP 10 largest among all.

A little general information about the countries of the world

There are more than 200 countries on our planet. According to various sources they different quantities- for 2015 it ranges from 258 to 270. There is nothing surprising in this, since literally in a month the situation can change - some states emerge (for example, South Ossetia, Abkhazia), others disappear. In addition, there are countries that have already existed for many years, but global community does not recognize them various reasons. If we take the official data of the UN, then this organization recognizes 194 independent states, including the Vatican, which is not a member of the UN. In addition, some states whose status is not defined are called countries. There are 10 of them - these are only those that are already recognized by at least one member of the UN.

World map

There is also whole line countries that are not members of the UN, as well as self-proclaimed territories that simply declared themselves independent states, have all its signs, but not a single country in the world has recognized them. Or, conversely, some are recognized by the world community, but do not have signs of statehood. The first include, for example, the well-known Taiwan, Tibet, Azad Kashmir, Kurdistan, Palestine, Turkish Republic Northern Cyprus, Balochistan, Basque Country, Ulster. And almost 40 more countries that have their own government, laws, territories that are part of other states. The second category includes the Sahrawi Arab Republic, recognized by many UN members. Democratic Republic. This country has neither its own territory, nor a capital, nor a government, but, nevertheless, is recognized by almost 70 countries of the world.

This was, so to speak, an introduction to the main topic. Among these countries, there are very large ones, and there are very small ones, which we have already written about. Today we will talk about the largest states on our planet. In this matter, there are two criteria for determining the TOP 10 largest among all.

The first is the area of ​​official territories. 10 largest in last decades does not change, except that disputes periodically arise over the tenth place, which two African states – Algeria and Sudan – cannot share. All due to inaccuracy in the measurements of territories. In 2014, based on satellite images Algeria's championship was officially determined.

So! The 10 largest countries by area look like this

1st place is deservedly taken by Russia (capital Moscow). In 2014, with the annexation of Crimea, the total area of ​​the Russian Federation increased and amounted to 17,124.4 thousand square kilometers. Our country is also the only one with territories in two parts of the world: Europe and Asia. And since the European part of the Russian Federation occupies 40% of the territory of Europe, it is the largest European power. The part of the territory of Asia that Russia occupies is 77% and our country is the largest in area.

2nd place - Canada (capital Ottawa), area 9,984.7 thousand square kilometers. Of these, 8.6% are water surfaces. Canada is located in North America.

3rd position – China (Chinese People's Republic, capital Beijing), area 9,596.9 thousand square kilometers. Water surfaces occupy no more than 4%. China is located in Asia.

4th place is occupied by the USA (capital Washington). The area of ​​the United States, which is located on the North American continent and adjacent islands, is 9,519.4 thousand square kilometers. Water surfaces occupy 6.8%.

The central fifth place is given to the South American country of Brazil (the capital is Brasilia). The country has 8,514.9 thousand square kilometers, of which only 0.65% is water surfaces, although it is in Brazil that the most big river Amazon world.

In 6th place is the continental country of Australia (capital Canberra). The area is 7,692.0 thousand square kilometers, water is only 1% of the area. By the way, do you know why the capital of this huge state is the small town of Canberra, although there are almost no government institutions there? The fact is that for many decades the two most big cities– Sydney and Melbourne. And so this war has already tormented the people of the country that the parliament decided to name a completely foreign city as the capital, equidistant from both contenders. Thus, a provincial town at that time unexpectedly became a world-class capital in its own right.

Number 7 on our list is India (capital of Delhi) - a large Asian state with an area of ​​3,287.3 thousand square kilometers, of which 9.6% is water surfaces.

8th place is occupied by Argentina (capital Buenos Aires). The total area of ​​its territories is 2,766.9 thousand square kilometers, of which only 1.1% is water surfaces.

The penultimate one in our top ten is the Republic of Kazakhstan, located in Asia. Its area is 2,724.9 thousand square kilometers. Water surfaces are 1.5% of this number. The capital is Astana, built at the end of the 20th century in the middle of the steppe specifically as a new capital.

Algeria, which we wrote about above, closes our list. The capital is Algeria, area - 2,381.7 thousand square kilometers. There are practically no water surfaces.

10 countries with the largest populations

The second criterion for determining the largest countries in the world is the size of the population. This indicator is quite variable, so the list of countries is updated annually. Moreover, this list does not coincide at all with the one presented above. Only 5 countries are included in it and in completely different positions.

As of January 10, the UN recognized the following ten largest states:

1. China. The population is 1 billion 367 million 510 thousand people, which at that time amounted to 18.9% of the world population.

2. India with 1 billion 264 million 990 thousand people, which is 17.5% of all people living on the planet. Since January, India's population has increased by another million.

3. The USA is in third place, although compared to the first two countries, some 320 million 132 thousand people live there, or only 4.44% of the world population.

4. Next comes Island state Indonesia, which is one of the most overpopulated in the world, although in terms of area it is only 14th in the world. A little more than 252 million 165 thousand people live in Indonesia (3.5% of the world population).

5. Brazil is in 5th position with 203 million 692 thousand people, and 75% of them live in cities. This is only 2.82% of the world's population.

6. There are 188 million 611 thousand people living in Pakistan, or 2.61% of all people.

7. African state Nigeria is firmly in 7th place with an officially registered population of 178 million 520 thousand (2.47%). Although the Nigerian authorities themselves say that exact figure It’s difficult to say due to the constant migration of people across porous borders with neighboring countries.

8. Oddly enough, there are also many people living in the small state of Bangladesh - 157 million 610 thousand (2.18%).

9. Only in 9th place is Russia, which is larger than all other states in area. As of January 2015, the population was 146 million 270 thousand people or 2.18% of the world's population.

10. The top ten is completed by small Japan, which is home to 127 million 150 thousand people (1.76%).

It is difficult to say the exact number of people living on our planet. Because every second hundreds of thousands are born and slightly fewer die. In 2014 general secretary UN Ban Ki-moon announced the figure of 7.2 billion people.

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