Modern world completely entangled in a network various types communications. Each of them allows you not to lose touch with environment– we mean, first of all, the human factor – regardless of your location. The most reactive, progressive types today include mobile and Internet communications. Well, a separate niche is occupied by government communications, satisfying the needs government controlled. Every year on June 1, Russia celebrates Creation Day government communications.

history of the holiday

Celebration dedicated to the emergence of telecommunications special purpose, coincides in timing with Children's Day for a reason. On June 1, 1931, during the then Soviet era, a high-frequency communication network of an international nature was created. The name given to this innovation is as follows: HF communication. Its development began back in 1928, so the OGPU (United State political management) it took only 3 years to bring the idea, global by those standards, to life.

The question arises: why, in fact, was this HF communication launched at all? Have there really been no analogues of government communications until now? In fact, they were, of course, but primitive telephone and telegraph communications could not fully satisfy the needs of the state that existed at that time. This was especially true for maintaining the confidentiality of conversations of national importance.

The first connection to check the quality of communication was established with the Ukrainian Kharkov. This happened a year before the official launch of telecommunications in operational mode, and the result exceeded all expectations. The created type of communication was based on a special design of telephone sets, in particular, the introduction of a device that provided basic masking of a conversation from wiretapping by third parties. The next step was the beginning of the development of encryption devices. Finally, the third stage in the development of HF communications was marked by the start of the functioning of the automatic telephone exchange (ATS). It was this event that served as a prerequisite for the subsequent emergence of such a phenomenon as “automatic connection of subscribers.”

What is the state of government communications in the 21st century? As stated by authorized persons, in particular, the press secretary of the head of the Russian Federation V.V. Dmitry Peskov, current special-purpose telecommunications have high level safety quality, work in this direction does not stop. And it cannot be otherwise, because in light of recent events, information leakage is quite possible. It's about about illegal actions taken by the Agency national security The United States in relation to the French government, and earlier – Chancellor Angela Merkel.

Development of government communications

After in the 30s. last century, special-purpose telecommunications were created in front of the state apparatus Soviet Union unique opportunities have opened up. The need for their use arose already in the next decade, when the Great Patriotic War began. HF communications were an excellent means of communication for signalmen of the Red Army and specialists of the People's Commissariat of Communications. Thanks to this innovation, many military operations were successfully completed.

Of course, the armed conflict and battles with the Nazis could not but affect the state of HF communications. Therefore, immediately after the end of the Great Patriotic War A lot of work was done to restore the communications system. At the same time, much was done to improve special-purpose telecommunications. For example, specialists developed qualitatively new devices that would make the system even more secure.

50s were marked by the emergence of government international communications. To work in field conditions devices were created that facilitate communication between opponents and are portable. Experts have made good progress in the manufacturing processes of camouflage equipment.

A real information explosion occurred with the onset of the 60s. XX century. The development of artificial earth satellites began. Subsequently, when they were launched, a real opportunity arose to use the orbital relay for its intended purpose. Its clear advantage was that in this way the dependence on wired and multi-relay lines was significantly reduced.

In 1962, something out of the ordinary happened: the threat of nuclear disaster arose. It became clear that diplomatic channels were no longer suitable for lengthy discussions in this vein. As a result, less than a year later, “ hotline", connecting two capitals: Soviet and American. This event served as an impetus for the development and creation of similar communications with the main cities of other countries.

Subsequently, the improvement of government communications in general and in detail continued, even economic problems were not an obstacle on this path. And on June 26, 1990, the President of the USSR finally acquired individual special communications, which is part of the government one. Two years later it became separate, but before that both types of communications moved from the Committee to the authority of FAPSI ( Federal agency government communications and information). The Military Institute of Government Communications VIPS began to function. This happened in 1992, and a year later the law “On Federal Bodies of Government Communications and Information” came into force.

On July 1, 2003, the head of state, instead of the abolished FAPSI, ordered the creation of the Service special communication and information. In 2004 this government agency came under the authority of the Russian FSO.

HF communications: New times

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a special government structure- Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information (FAPSI). From now on, government and presidential communications began to function within the framework and under the leadership of this organization. However, a year later the latter was singled out. The personnel and equipment serving it were transferred from FAPSI to the GUO (Main Directorate of Security of Russia). In February 1993, the head of state signed the Law of the Russian Federation entitled “On Federal Bodies of Government Communications and Information,” which regulates the creation of a comprehensive legal framework for the work of government communications bodies.

The FAPSI structure was abolished on July 1, 2003. Its place was taken by the Special Communications and Information Service. And a little later more than a year The President of Russia included this unit in the FSO. Thus, two types of telecommunications - government and presidential - were united again.

Today, government employees enjoy the most modern look telecommunications: high-tech and absolutely safe. But even considering this fact, confirmed by the first person of the state, Russian President Vladimir Putin and his press secretary Dmitry Peskov, one cannot stop there. Therefore, developers continue to work in this direction.

What is FOPSIA

One of the units that ensures the security of our country, including the confidentiality of government communications, is the system of the Federal Government Communications and Information Authorities. This name is abbreviated as FOPSIA. The activities of this unit are regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Federal Bodies of Government Communications and Information”, as well as a number of international treaties.

FOPSIA is a whole structure consisting of separate, smaller “puzzles”. Here they are, these segments:

• Research institutes, educational institutions;
• FOPSII under the President of the Russian Federation;
• government communications troops;
• authorities of government communications and information of a regional nature.

FOPSIA's process for ensuring the security and privacy of government communications is classified into specific functions. These include the creation necessary conditions for the normal functioning and development of special-purpose telecommunications, ensuring the confidentiality of important classified information. People working in FOPSIA have the status of civilian employees and ordinary workers. The benefits they are entitled to, as well as their rights and obligations, are determined by the law “On the Status of Military Personnel.” Congratulations to them on their professional holiday!

Structure and goals of FAPSI

Although the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information no longer exists, it still makes sense to pay attention to this structure attention, since it was, by and large, an intermediate link between Soviet period development of government communications and the period of the so-called New Time.

FAPSI was the central body of the federal executive power, which united many divisions. These are the main departments of communications security, government communications, electronic communications intelligence, information systems, Department of External Relations, Main Scientific and Technical Directorate, main administration and cryptographic service. The goals of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information were:

• providing government telecommunications;
• provision and organization different levels security of encrypted communication;

1931 is officially considered Day of creation of government communications in the USSR, when the country put into operation its own long-distance high-frequency communication network. The United State Political Administration (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR has been working on its creation since 1928. The new kind communication received the code name “HF communication”.

The need to create special communications for the needs of public administration was caused by the fact that all previously existing types of communications - telegraph from the mid-19th century, then telephone, passing through communication networks common use, - could not ensure proper confidentiality of transmitted messages.

The HF connection was tested in test mode in 1930 - a connection was established with Kharkov, at that time former capital Ukraine. The check was successful. Soon, high-frequency communications began to be actively used in government work.

The main design feature of telephone sets was the presence of a simple device for masking speech from direct listening. Simultaneously with the production of such “masking devices,” specialists were actively developing complex encryption equipment. Especially for HF communications, the first domestic automatic long-distance telephone exchange (ATS) was put into operation, which accelerated the development of public telephone communications, marking the beginning of automation of the process of connecting subscribers.

HF communication was very useful during the Great Patriotic War - it was used to provide operational control to active fronts and armies, and there were signalmen in almost every unit of the Red Army. The importance and necessity of HF communications was confirmed later - when working in “hot spots”, in extreme situations of man-made disasters and natural disasters.

IN post-war years Encryption equipment was created, based on completely new principles, and the Kremlin automatic telephone exchange network became dedicated. In the 1950s, international HF communications were tested (a Moscow–Beijing communication channel was established). In the 1960s - with the launch artificial satellites– for the development of HF communications, orbital repeaters began to be used. In 1963, the so-called “hot line” of direct documentary communication between Moscow and Washington began operating; later such lines were organized with the capitals of a number of other states. In the 1970s, the country's leadership gained the opportunity to use “government communications” almost anywhere on Earth.

In 1990, a communication system was created for the President of the USSR. In 1991, by the corresponding decree of the head of state, the activities of government communications bodies were brought under legal basis- the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President was created Russian Federation(FAPSI). This special body existed from 1991 to 2003. Then all FAPSI responsibilities were distributed between the FSO of Russia, the FSB of Russia, the SVR of Russia and the Special Communications and Information Service under the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

Today, the country's presidential and government communications are special-purpose telecommunications that are used by officials for the needs of government administration.

DAY OF CREATION OF GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATIONS.

The modern world is completely entangled in a network of various types of communications. Each of them allows you not to lose touch with the environment - meaning, first of all, the human factor - regardless of your location. The most reactive, progressive types today include mobile and Internet communications. Well, a separate niche is occupied by government communications, satisfying the needs of public administration. Every year June 1 is celebrated in Russia .

Photo: Government Communications Day

History of the holiday Day of the Creation of Government Communications

The holiday dedicated to the emergence of special-purpose telecommunications coincides withChildren's Day for good reason. On June 1, 1931, during the then Soviet era, a high-frequency communication network of an international nature was created. The name given to this innovation is as follows: HF communication. Its development began back in 1928, so the OGPU (United State Political Administration) needed only 3 years to bring the idea, global by those standards, to life.

The question arises: why, in fact, was this HF communication launched at all? Have there really been no analogues of government communications until now? In fact, they were, of course, but primitive telephone and telegraph communications could not fully satisfy the needs of the state that existed at that time. This was especially true for maintaining the confidentiality of conversations of national importance.

The first connection to check the quality of communication was established with the Ukrainian Kharkov. This happened a year before the official launch of telecommunications in operational mode, and the result exceeded all expectations. The created type of communication was based on a special design of telephone sets, in particular, the introduction of a device that provided basic masking of a conversation from wiretapping by third parties. The next step was the beginning of the development of encryption devices. Finally, the third stage in the development of HF communications was marked by the start of the functioning of the automatic telephone exchange (ATS). It was this event that served as a prerequisite for the subsequent emergence of such a phenomenon as “automatic connection of subscribers.”

What is the state of government communications in the 21st century? As stated by authorized persons, in particular, the press secretary of the head of the Russian Federation V.V. Dmitry Peskov, current special-purpose telecommunications have a high level of security quality, work in this direction does not stop. And it cannot be otherwise, because in light of recent events, information leakage is quite possible. We are talking about illegal actions taken by the US National Security Agency against the French government, and previously against Chancellor Angela Merkel.

History of the development of government communications

After in the 30s. In the last century, special-purpose telecommunications were created, and unique opportunities opened up for the state apparatus of the Soviet Union. The need for their use arose already in the next decade, when the Great Patriotic War began. HF communications were an excellent means of communication for signalmen of the Red Army and specialists of the People's Commissariat of Communications. Thanks to this innovation, many military operations were successfully completed.

Presidium of the Interregional public organization mutual assistance "COMMONWEALTH OF OFFICERS" congratulates the Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the Center for Special Communications and Information of the FSO of the Russian Federation in Voronezh region retired colonel Osadchenko Vladimir Sergeevich, all veterans of the Center for Special Communications and Information of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, military personnel and civilian personnel on their professional holiday - the Day of the Creation of Government Communications!

On December 24, 1991, in accordance with the decree of President Boris Yeltsin, the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation (abbreviated as FAPSI) was created. From that time until 2003, for just over eleven years, this special service ensured the security of information and government communications of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, on December 24, a bygone holiday was celebrated - FAPSI Day. At the beginning of 2003, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree, which provided for the abolition of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation. FAPSI functions were transferred to three others Russian intelligence services- Federal Security Service (FSB), Service foreign intelligence(SVR) and the Federal Security Service (FSO). However, although FAPSI has been gone for 12 years, the existence of the agency should not be forgotten, because it is enough interesting page in the history of domestic intelligence services, which fell during the difficult “dashing nineties” for the country.

In modern information society issues of information security, ensuring special communication between government structures and the head of state, play a vital role in common system national security. Accordingly, since the development of communication systems, the need arose for the existence of a special structure that could effectively ensure both the protection of transmitted information and the interception of enemy information (or probable enemy). The history of Russian government communications goes back to Soviet era. Formed in 1991, the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information became the successor to the Government Communications Committee under the President of the RSFSR, which, in turn, arose after the cessation of the existence of the USSR State Security Committee (KGB USSR) and included in its composition the departments and departments of the KGB responsible for government communications, encryption and decryption, electronic intelligence.

From the Special Department to the Main Directorate

Back in May 1921, by resolution of the Small Council of People's Commissars, a Special Department of the Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission) was created - the country's cryptographic service. It was headed by Gleb Bokiy (1879-1937) - a famous Bolshevik with pre-revolutionary experience, a participant in the Oktyabrsky armed uprising in Petrograd and a member of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee. Despite the fact that the unit led by Gleb Bokiy was part of the structure of the Cheka, in fact it was autonomous and subordinated directly to the Central Committee of the RCP (b). The autonomy of the Special Department was explained by the extremely important and secret tasks that it performed. Naturally, Soviet leaders were very careful in selecting staffing Special department. By the way, in its work the department relied on the experience of the special services studied Russian Empire, as well as foreign intelligence services. Specialists for the new department were trained in special six-month courses, but, nevertheless, at the beginning of its existence, the department experienced a significant shortage of qualified personnel. In 1925, Gleb Bokiy was able to take the post of deputy chairman of the OGPU. Under his leadership, effective cryptography and radio reconnaissance activities were organized, and in 1927 a Radio Direction Finding Station was created, from which the naval radio reconnaissance of the Soviet Union began. In 1929, the government communications department of the OGPU was created, and in 1930 the first high-frequency communication lines Moscow - Leningrad and Moscow - Kharkov began to function. The following year, 1931, in accordance with OGPU Order No. 308/183 of June 10, 1931, the 5th department of the Operations Department of the OGPU was created, whose competence included the operation of long-distance government telephone communications. The thirties were the time of laying the foundations of the domestic government communications system.

In fact, it was during this period that the foundation was laid for the most powerful system of government communications, encryption and decryption that existed in the Soviet Union and was then inherited by post-Soviet Russia. It was in the 1930s that the construction of main overhead communication lines began to meet the needs of long-distance government high-frequency communications. In 1935 the department was formed technical communications The Office of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, and the following year, 1936, the communications department of the Main Security Directorate (GUO) of the NKVD of the USSR and the communications department of the Economic Administration (KHOZU) of the NKVD of the USSR were formed. The main task government communications authorities in the 1930s. began to protect information from direct eavesdropping - using speech masking devices. The first domestic automatic long-distance telephone exchange (AMTS) was developed and manufactured for high-frequency communications.

The years of the Great Patriotic War became a serious test for the structures responsible for encryption and decryption, for ensuring the protection of information. Government communications units were given serious tasks to ensure communication between the government, front commands, and Red Army formations. In February 1943, to ensure the maintenance and protection of high-frequency communications, government communications troops were created. The first commander of the troops, who remained in his post for sixteen years - until August 1959, was Pavel Fedorovich Uglovsky (1902-1975). Former telegraph operator railway station, Pavel Uglovsky in 1924 was called up to serve in the ranks of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and as a person with an education as a telegraph operator and work experience, he was sent to the signal troops. In 1925, Uglovsky graduated from military pigeon breeding courses and became the head of an experimental military pigeon breeding station as part of the border district of the GPU of the Byelorussian SSR. Then Pavel Fedorovich continued his education, completing courses at the Kyiv Military School of Communications and academic courses for improving technical staff at the Leningrad Military Electrotechnical Academy. He held the position of chief technical department Moscow Border School of Communications of the NKVD of the USSR, and in 1937 headed the department of the communications department, and then the communications department of the Main Directorate of Border Troops of the NKVD of the USSR. In January 1943, Uglovsky was put in charge of the USSR government communications troops. In 1944 he was awarded military rank Lieutenant General of the Signal Corps. Under the command of General Uglovsky, the government communications troops passed the battle path with honor during the Great Patriotic War. As Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. rightly noted. Rokossovsky, ““the use of government communications during the war years revolutionized military command and control” (Quoted from: http://www.fso.gov.ru/struktura/p2_1_2.html).

In the post-war years, the development of government communications troops and government communications agencies, encryption and decryption of the USSR reached new level. Technical means were improved, new communication and information security equipment was launched, and innovative methods for organizing service were developed. Government communications have become autonomous from the public communications network. After the creation of the State Security Committee of the USSR, specialized departments responsible for information security were created within its composition. These included the Eighth Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, responsible for encryption, decryption and government communications, and (from 1973) the Sixteenth Directorate, responsible for conducting electronic intelligence, decryption work and radio interception. The troops of the KGB of the USSR included government communications troops subordinate to the Eighth Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, and radio reconnaissance and radio interception units subordinate to the Sixteenth Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. Naturally, the new level of development of government communications and information security also required improving the system of training personnel for government communications agencies and troops. For this purpose, in Bagrationovka, Kaliningrad region, on September 27, 1965, on the basis of the military camp of the 95th border detachment and the first building of the Higher Border Command School, the Military Technical School of the KGB of the USSR was created with a three-year training period. The school began to produce officers for the government communications troops of the KGB of the USSR. On September 1, 1966, the educational process began at the school. On October 1, 1972, the school was transferred to Oryol and transformed into the Oryol Higher Military Command School of Communications (OVVKUS), which began training officers with higher education for government communications troops. Until 1993, the school trained officers in a four-year program.

History of Soviet special communications in the years " Cold War"is the story of a desperate and practically unknown to society confrontation in the field of information intelligence and information security. The intelligence services of the opponents of the Soviet Union and the KGB of the USSR acted with varying success, and the actions of traitors and defectors remained a serious problem for the Soviet Union. Yes, well-known successes Soviet intelligence in the field of studying the secrets of Western intelligence services were put under attack in October 1979. During a business trip to Poland, 33-year-old Major Viktor Sheymov, who served in the encryption communications protection department of the 8th Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, own initiative established contact with American intelligence officers. Returning to the Soviet Union, Major Sheymov met several times with representatives of the CIA station, to whom he conveyed information about his work. Then Sheimov, with his wife Olga and young daughter, managed to secretly leave the Soviet Union and go to the United States, using the help American intelligence agencies. Thanks to the information received from Sheimov, American electronic intelligence in Germany was able to organize an operation in April 1981 to listen to the cars of the Soviet military attache and his assistants working in Germany. The chassis of cars that were produced at the Opel plant were equipped with equipment that could not be detected without destroying the cars. The result of the operation carried out by the Americans was the identification of several Soviet agents and the deciphering of Soviet military intelligence codes. Another unpleasant story was the betrayal of Lieutenant Viktor Makarov, who served in the 16th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. In May 1985, the lieutenant, on his own initiative, offered his services intelligence service UK MI6 and provided information about decrypted Canadian, Greek and German messages relating to NATO activities in Europe.

On the other hand, among the famous victories of the Soviet intelligence services in the field of wiretapping is the wiretapping of the French Embassy in Moscow in the early 1980s. In January 1983, the French Embassy in Moscow reported the discovery of an alien electronic device that could transmit received telegraph information to an external power grid. Also in the early 1980s. Employees of the KGB of the USSR and the MGB of the GDR cracked the NATO code, after which they were able to read messages of correspondence between the command of the Bundeswehr and the Western allies of Germany.

Creation of FAPSI

After the events of August 1991, transformational changes took place in the country's state security system. The State Security Committee ceased to exist. On November 26, 1991, President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin issued decree No. 233 “On the transformation of the State Security Committee of the RSFSR into an Agency federal security RSFSR". However, in the field of government communications management, large-scale changes began a little earlier.
Almost immediately after August events In 1991, the Government Communications Committee under the President of the USSR was created, the chairman of which was appointed on September 25, 1991, Lieutenant General Alexander Vladimirovich Starovoytov (b. 1940), who previously held the position of deputy head of the Government Communications Troops Directorate for technical equipment of the State Security Committee. Alexander Starovoitov was one of the most competent specialists, with extensive experience in scientific, technical and leadership activities both in specialized scientific and technical organizations and in the State Security Committee. After graduating from the Penza Polytechnic Institute, Alexander Starovoytov worked at the Kalugapribor plant, where he worked his way up from engineer to deputy shop manager. Then he transferred to Penza - to the enterprise " Mailbox 30/10" of the USSR Ministry of Radio Industry. After the Penza Scientific Research Electrotechnical Institute of the USSR Ministry of Communications Industry was created on the basis of the enterprise, Alexander Starovoitov became an employee of this institute and worked there for twenty years - until 1986. From December 1982, he held the position of first deputy general director of the Penza production association "Crystal" for science - director of the Penza Scientific Research Electrotechnical Institute, and in February 1983 he headed the Penza Production Association"Crystal" of the USSR Ministry of Communications Industry. As a major specialist in his field, Alexander Starovoytov, who was listed as a lieutenant colonel in the active reserve of the KGB of the USSR, was called up to military service and in May 1986 he was appointed to the position of deputy head of the Government Communications Troops Directorate for technical equipment, with the rank of “Major General”. In May 1988, Major General Alexander Starovoytov was awarded the next military rank of “lieutenant general.”

On December 24, 1991, by Decree of the President of the RSFSR No. 313 of December 24, 1991 “On the creation of the Federal Agency for Government Communications under the President of the RSFSR,” the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the RSFSR was created. The new special service included bodies of the Government Communications Committee under the President of the RSFSR, which included structures of the former 8th Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, the State Information and Computing Center under State Commission By emergency situations, as well as the former 16th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR - Main Directorate of Electronic Intelligence of Communications. Lieutenant General Alexander Starovoitov was appointed Director General of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information. Vladimir Viktorovich Makarov was appointed first deputy general director of FAPSI - head of the department for work with personnel. Major General Anatoly Ivanovich Kuranov was appointed Deputy General Director of FAPSI.

The most secret intelligence agency

Under the leadership of Alexander Starovoitov, the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information began to transform into a powerful special service, which throughout the 1990s constantly developed and improved, remaining perhaps the most secret of the Russian security agencies. On February 19, 1993, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Federal Bodies of Government Communications and Information” was signed, adopted Supreme Council country and laid the foundations for the regulatory and legal support of the activities of government communications bodies of the Russian Federation. In 1994, the Information Resources Department of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation was included in FAPSI for some time, which existed within the FAPSI structure under the name “Main Directorate of Information Resources.” Then it was again returned to the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation - this time under the name “Department of Informatization and Documentation Support of the Presidential Administration.” On April 3, 1995, in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 334 “On measures to comply with the law in the field of development, production, sale and operation of encryption tools, as well as the provision of services in the field of information encryption”, FAPSI was created Federal Center protection of economic information. At the same time, it should be noted that since 1992 the functions of ensuring presidential communications have been separated from the competence of FAPSI in accordance with the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation of September 28 and October 29, 1992. Technical means of presidential communications and the personnel involved in their maintenance were transferred from the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information to the Main Directorate of Security of the Russian Federation. The Presidential Communications Department was created as part of the Main Directorate of the Russian Federation, headed by Deputy Head of the Main Security Directorate of the Russian Federation Yu.P. Korneev. After the transformation of the Main Security Directorate into the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Presidential Communications Directorate remained part of the new intelligence service. As for the FAPSI bodies, they made a huge contribution to ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation in the 1990s. FAPSI military personnel participated in counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus and carried out many other important state tasks, including information support for the elections of the President of the Russian Federation in 1996. For effective work as Director General of FAPSI, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin, on February 23, 1998, Colonel General Alexander Starovoitov was awarded the military rank of Army General.

In the 1990s. serious changes have also occurred in the field of training officers of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information. First of all, it should be noted that by order of the General Director of FAPSI Alexander Starovoytov, on April 23, 1992, the Oryol Higher Military Command School of Communications named after. M.I. Kalinin was transformed into the Military Institute of Government Communications (VIPS). Major General V. A. Martynov was appointed head of the institute. From the first days of its existence in an updated form, the educational institution has become one of the most prestigious military universities in Russia. On March 6, 1994, the Military Institute of Government Communications was the first of the Russian military universities to receive a license to conduct educational activities according to established specialties. In 1998, for the purpose of organizing vocational training military specialists for federal bodies government communications and information, the Voronezh Military Technical School was created in Voronezh. It was created to cover the needs of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information for technical specialists with a high-quality secondary vocational education, capable of working with communication and communications systems. At the Voronezh Military Technical School, the training period was designed for 2.5 years, and after graduation the military rank of “ensign” was awarded. The educational institution trained specialists with secondary vocational education in the specialties of “communication networks and switching systems”, “multi-channel telecommunication systems”, “radio communications, radio broadcasting and television”.

FAPSI in the late 1990s.

On December 7, 1998, the first director of FAPSI, Army General Alexander Starovoytov, was dismissed from his post, with the wording “in connection with a transfer to another job.” In 1999, Alexander Starovoytov was transferred from military service to the reserve. Subsequently, the “founding father” of FAPSI held various leadership positions in Russian scientific and technical institutions, until now he actively combines scientific and practical work and scientific and pedagogical activities. Starovoytov was replaced as director of FAPSI by Colonel General Vladislav Petrovich Sherstyuk (b. 1940). A native of the Krasnodar region, Vladislav Sherstyuk was educated at the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, then entered military service in the bodies of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. He served in the 8th Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (encryption, decryption and government communications). In 1992, after the creation of FAPSI, he continued to serve in the Main Directorate of Radio-Electronic Intelligence of Communications, and in 1995 he was appointed head of the Main Directorate of Electronic Intelligence of FAPSI. Since 1998, he also served as Deputy General Director of FAPSI. However, General Vladislav Sherstyuk did not remain in the post of head of the special service for long. He was appointed to the post on December 7, 1998, and on May 31, 1999, just six months after his appointment, he was transferred to the post of First Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. He held this position until May 004, and then, for six years, was Assistant Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Like Alexander Starovoytov, Vladislav Sherstyuk is not only a prominent statesman and military figure, but also a scientist. He is a corresponding member of the Academy of Cryptography of the Russian Federation and a full member Russian Academy natural sciences (RAEN).

By the end of the 1990s. FAPSI structure looked like in the following way. The Federal Agency included five main departments. The Main Administrative Directorate of FAPSI (GAU FAPSI) included the FAPSI headquarters and was responsible for organizing management and other staff functions. The Main Directorate of Government Communications of the FAPSI (GUPS FAPSI) was formed on the basis of divisions of the Department of Government Communications of the KGB of the USSR and carried out the tasks of ensuring the security of subscribers of presidential communications and government communications, government long-distance communications. The Main Directorate for Communications Security of the FAPSI (GUBS FAPSI) was created on the basis of the 8th Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (encryption and decryption) and continued its activities. The Main Directorate of Electronic Intelligence of Communications FAPSI (GURRSS FAPSI) was created on the basis of the 16th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, which was engaged in organizing electronic intelligence, radio interception and continued its functions. The Main Directorate of Information Resources of FAPSI (GUIR FAPSI) was responsible for information and information technology support of the authorities state power and management of the Russian Federation, starting from the Security Council of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service and ending with regional authorities and management. The competence of GUIR also included working with open sources of information, including tools mass media. The tasks of the GUIR included providing government and management bodies with “reliable and independent from other sources special information" Naturally, it was on the basis of GUIR that they built their information bases and structures of the presidential administration. Also, in addition to the main departments, FAPSI included the Cryptographic Service, which was responsible for the encryption and primary processing of intelligence information, which was then sent to other intelligence services and authorities, and the Internal Security Service, which ensured the protection of FAPSI employees, the premises of the intelligence service, as well as the fight against corruption and espionage.

The Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information took an active part in counter-terrorism operations of federal forces on the territory of the republics North Caucasus, first of all - in Chechen Republic. An important role was played by FAPSI electronic intelligence units, as well as government communications units. A number of FAPSI servicemen died during hostilities on the territory of Chechnya - while performing their official duties. At the same time, a number of sources draw attention to the insufficient level of organization of information protection, primarily communications, during the first Chechen campaign, which led to numerous tragic situations and impressive human losses among the federal forces. Representatives of the militants have repeatedly demonstrated to journalists how they intercept negotiations between Russian military personnel and police officers, this topic was constantly raised in the media, but none of the senior officials gave a clear explanation.

After the resignation of Colonel General Vladislav Sherstyuk, Colonel General Vladimir Georgievich Matyukhin (born 1945) was appointed as the new, third and last General Director of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information. He, like his predecessor, was a veteran of state security agencies and began serving in the KGB of the USSR back in the late 1960s. In 1968, Vladimir Matyukhin graduated from the Moscow Energy Institute and in 1969 began serving in the 8th Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (encryption, decryption, government communications). In parallel with his service in the KGB, the young officer increased his educational level - in 1973 he graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, and in 1983 - graduate school at the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR. As part of FAPSI, Vladimir Matyukhin headed the Research Center of the Main Directorate of Communications Security of FAPSI in 1991, and in 1993 he became Deputy General Director of FAPSI. On May 31, 1999, he was appointed to the position of Director General of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information. As General Director of FAPSI, Vladimir Matyukhin was included in the Operational headquarters on managing counter-terrorism actions in the North Caucasus region, was also a member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and the Commission of the Government of the Russian Federation on Military-Industrial Issues. Under the leadership of Vladimir Matyukhin, significant changes took place in the system of higher professional education of government communications and information agencies. So, at the end of March 2000, in accordance with the order of the President of the Russian Federation of March 30, 2000 No. 94-rp and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 12, 2000 No. 336, to improve the quality of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel in the field of government communications , special communications, electronic intelligence of communications and information security, the Military Institute of Government Communications was transformed into the Academy of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation (short name - FAPSI Academy). This educational institution continued to train highly qualified personnel for government communications in specialties related to information security.

Liquidation of FAPSI

In the early 2000s. the changed political and economic situation in the country forced leaders Russian state think about further improving the country’s national security system. As is known, after the collapse of the USSR and the liquidation of the KGB of the USSR, the former only and all-powerful intelligence service of the Soviet Union, in post-Soviet Russia there were several intelligence services that arose on the basis of the KGB - 1) the Federal Security Service, which was responsible for counterintelligence, economic security and protection of the constitutional order; 2) the Foreign Intelligence Service, which was responsible for foreign intelligence; 3) Federal Security Service, which was responsible for the protection of top officials of the state and strategic state facilities; 4) Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information, responsible for government communications and information protection, for electronic intelligence; 5) Federal Border Service, responsible for security state borders and was the successor to the Border Troops of the KGB of the USSR. Now, in accordance with the changed situation, it was decided to significantly change the structure of the Russian special services. In particular, a course was taken to consolidate and strengthen the Federal Security Service and the Federal Security Service. As a result of the reform that began, it was decided to abolish the Federal Border Service and reassign its structures, bodies and troops to the Federal Security Service, within which the FSB Border Service was created. It was also decided to liquidate the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information, one of the most closed and effective special services of the Russian Federation. According to some experts, one of the reasons for the decision to include units of this special service into other security agencies was a number of high-profile scandals in the second half of the 1990s related to the activities of some high-ranking employees of the organization. In addition, the need for a unified structure became obvious, capable of collecting and analyzing information, or ensuring the security of senior officials of the state - not only physical, but also informational. These tasks explained the upcoming division of FAPSI between the FSB and the FSO.

On March 11, 2003, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree abolishing the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information. The functions of FAPSI were distributed between the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. CEO FAPSI Colonel General Vladimir Matyukhin was transferred to the position of chairman State Committee Russian Federation under the state defense order under the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. Then, on March 11, 2003, Vladimir Matyukhin was awarded the military rank of Army General. A significant part of FAPSI personnel and property was transferred to the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, within which the Special Communications and Information Service was created, the head of which received the rank of deputy director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The FSO Special Communications and Information Service was headed by Colonel General Yuri Pavlovich Kornev (1948-2010), who previously, from 1991 to 2003, headed the FAPSI Presidential Communications Department (from 1992 - GUO, then - FSO), and in 2003 -2010 - Special Communications and Information Service of the FSO. After the untimely death of Yuri Pavlovich Kornev in 2010, in 2011, the Special Communications and Information Service was headed by Alexey Gennadievich Mironov.

Military educational institutions of FAPSI were also transferred to the subordination of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The Academy of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 25, 2003, was renamed the Academy of the Special Communications and Information Service under the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (abbreviated as the Academy of Special Communications). The Voronezh Military Technical School FAPSI was renamed the Voronezh Military Technical School FSO of the Russian Federation. On November 15, 2004, it was decided to rename the Academy of the Special Communications and Information Service under the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation into the Academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (abbreviated as the Academy of the FSO of the Russian Federation). In 2008, the Voronezh Military Technical School of the Federal Security Service was attached to the FSO Academy as a branch. Currently, the educational institution continues to train qualified specialists in the following specialties: multi-channel telecommunication systems; radio communications, radio broadcasting and television; communication networks and switching systems; Information Security telecommunication systems; automated systems information processing and management; jurisprudence ( legal support national security). The branch, created on the basis of the Voronezh Military Technical School, trains specialists with secondary vocational education, the training period is 2 years and 9 months, and upon graduation, graduates are awarded the military rank of “ensign”. For the Federal Security Service, transfer to its structure educational institutions FAPSI became a special event, since before this the FSO did not have its own military educational institutions. The traditions of the special communications service are preserved - now in the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. But for many people who served in the bodies and troops of FAPSI in 1991-2003, the day of the formation of FAPSI still has significance, since with this service, which existed throughout the first and so difficult decade of the post-Soviet Russian statehood, a lot is connected for them - youth, professional development and improvement, the difficult everyday life of service and even heroic deeds.

2002-12-24T04:45Z

2008-06-05T17:18Z

https://site/20021224/288204.html

https://cdn22.img..png

RIA News

https://cdn22.img..png

RIA News

https://cdn22.img..png

FAPSI celebrates its 11th birthday

354

The Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information (FAPSI) under the President of the Russian Federation celebrates its 11th birthday on Tuesday, although the history of the Russian cryptographic / encryption and decryption / service dates back more than one decade. As a RIA Novosti correspondent reports, FAPSI was created by decree of Russian President Boris Yeltsin on December 24, 1991 on the basis of the Government Communications Committee under the President of the USSR. The Union-Republican Committee itself arose in October 1991 during the “division” of the KGB of the USSR after August putsch. The basis of the new intelligence service was made up of employees of the former cryptographic and radio intelligence units of the KGB. Later, specialists from the information resources department of the presidential administration, a number of research and educational institutions, as well as specialized enterprises joined the system of government communications bodies. FAPSI is known in the West mainly as a worthy opponent of the famous American NSA in the field of radio-electronic...

MOSCOW, December 24. /Corr. RIA News"/. The Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information (FAPSI) under the President of the Russian Federation celebrates its 11th birthday on Tuesday, although the history of the Russian cryptographic / encryption and decryption / service goes back more than one decade.

As a RIA Novosti correspondent reports, FAPSI was created by decree of Russian President Boris Yeltsin on December 24, 1991 on the basis of the Government Communications Committee under the President of the USSR. The Union-Republican Committee itself arose in October 1991 during the “division” of the KGB of the USSR after the August putsch. The basis of the new intelligence service was made up of employees of the former cryptographic and radio intelligence units of the KGB.

Later, specialists from the information resources department of the presidential administration, a number of research and educational institutions, as well as specialized enterprises joined the system of government communications bodies.

FAPSI is known in the West mainly as a worthy opponent of the famous American NSA in the field of electronic intelligence. However, the range of FAPSI tasks is much broader and more complex, and the most important of them in the new “information age” is the protection of Russia and its citizens from internal and external information threats.

FAPSI works in a number of areas of the Russian information security doctrine: this is ensuring the security of the country’s information and telecommunication systems, both already deployed and those being created on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of modern information technologies, ensuring the creation and effective use in the interests of government authorities and domestic information resources.