1 Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari - 270:
Bu haqiqatning o'zi ajablanarli emas, mamlakatda hali ham eng yaxshi tadqiqot institutlari va ajoyib olimlarning butun galaktikasi mavjud. Biroq, yana bir narsa hayratlanarli. Mamlakat ichida o'tgan yillar yetakchi mavqeini yo‘qotmoqda, ularning Nobel mukofoti laureatlari orasida ulushi muttasil kamayib bormoqda. 1960-yillar davomida Qo'shma Shtatlar doimiy ravishda eng ko'p Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan va hozir uning ulushi 50% dan sal ko'proqni tashkil qiladi. Bu fundamental bo‘lmasligi mumkin, ammo fakt shuki, boshqa mamlakatlar ilm-fan va adabiyot sohasida o‘z o‘rniga ega bo‘la boshlagan.
Xalqaro Qizil Xoch Qo'mitasi uch marta Tinchlik uchun Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan va Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Qochqinlar bo'yicha Oliy komissari boshqarmasi ikki marta Tinchlik uchun Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo'lganidan beri 24 ta alohida tashkilot bor. Nobel mukofoti Tinchlik mukofoti.
Yadro qurollarini yo'q qilish bo'yicha xalqaro kampaniya
"Uning ishi uchun har qanday foydalanishning halokatli gumanitar oqibatlariga e'tibor qarating yadro qurollari va bunday qurollarni shartnoma asosida taqiqlashga erishishdagi kashshof harakatlariga. "Tinch yo'l bilan yechim topish uchun o'nlab yillar davomida tinimsiz sa'y-harakatlari uchun xalqaro mojarolar, demokratiya va inson huquqlarini targʻib qilish hamda iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy rivojlanishga koʻmaklashish”.
2 Buyuk Britaniya – 117:
Mamlakatda dunyoga mashhur bir qator universitetlar, shuningdek, eng yaxshi ilmiy tadqiqot markazlari mavjud. Buyuk Britaniya vakillari tibbiyot bo'yicha laureatlar soni bo'yicha ikkinchi va adabiy mukofotlar sovrindorlari orasida birinchi o'rinda turishi mantiqan to'g'ri. Axir, inglizlar eng go'zallarning mualliflari adabiy asarlar bir asr davomida.
"Demokratiya va inson huquqlari uchun qilgan faoliyati uchun Janubiy Koreya va ichida Sharqiy Osiyo umuman olganda, tinchlik va yarashish uchun Shimoliy Koreya ayniqsa". Bu yil Nobel mukofoti berilmadi. Mukofot pullari ushbu bo'lim uchun maxsus jamg'armaga ajratildi. Ko'pchilik boshqalarni ulardan o'rnak olishga ilhomlantiradi va ertangi kunning Nobel mukofotiga nomzodlarni yaratishga yordam beradi. Va bularning barchasi bilim chegarasida dastlabki investitsiyalar natijasida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan oldindan aytib bo'lmaydigan foyda haqida eslatib turadi.
Xromosomalar telomerlar va enzimatik telomeraza bilan qanday himoyalanganligini aniqlash
Oldingi mukofotlar uchun ma'lumot faqat mukofotga o'zgartirishlar kiritilgan taqdirdagina onlayn tarzda taqdim etiladi. Bu qarish va saraton kasalligiga, balki insonning boshqa ko'plab kasalliklariga ta'sir qiladi.
Split genlar haqidagi kashfiyotlari uchun
Roberts 10 daqiqa davom etgan suhbatdan so'ng Laboratoriyaning eng yangi a'zosi bo'ldi, bu vaqt davomida u ozgina gapirganini eslaydi. Tez orada Roberts va uning jamoasi dunyodagi birinchi cheklovchi fermentlarning to'rtdan uch qismini kashf etdilar yoki tavsifladilar, bu ikkalasini ham rivojlantirish uchun ko'p ish qildi. asosiy tadqiqot, va rivojlanayotgan biotexnologiya sanoati.3 Germaniya – 103:
Germaniya bu ro'yxatda unchalik orqada emas. Hozirgacha u kimyo va 32 fizika bo'yicha 30 laureat tomonidan taqdim etilgan. Ularning yutuq koeffitsienti ham yillar davomida asta-sekin kamayib bordi, buning barchasi shu sababli rivojlanayotgan davlatlar, ular asta-sekin tan olingan rahbarlarni almashtirmoqda.
Keyin Roberts e'tiborini qaratdi genetik material sovuq virus - adenovirus-2, u xaritada qidirayotgan edi. Bundan tashqari, tahrirlash jarayonida xatoliklar oqsillarning nuqsonli bo'lishiga olib kelishi mumkinligini tushunishga olib keldi, bu esa o'z navbatida jiddiy kasalliklarga olib kelishi mumkin.
Mobil genetik elementlarni aniqlash uchun
Bugun biz bilamizki, "sakrab turuvchi genlar" - o'zgaruvchan elementlar - har bir organizmning xromosomalarida juda ko'p qoldiqlar kabi hamma joyda axlatlanadi. Nihoyat, dunyo uning g'oyalariga, u qadrlagan, lekin hech qachon xohlamagan e'tirofiga erishdi. Ushbu bema'ni muhitda, boshqa joylarda to'liq vaqtli uchrashuvlarga ega bo'lgan er-xotin, bakteriyalarni yuqtiruvchi bakteriofaglar yoki faglar deb ataladigan mayda viruslarning soddaligidan foydalanib, genetikaning chuqur sirini o'rgandilar.
4 Fransiya – 57:
Frantsiya ma'lum masofada joylashgan, bu mamlakat vakillari tomonidan olingan mukofotlarning aksariyati adabiyot va tibbiyot sohasida edi. Ularning eng mashhur oluvchisi mukofotdan bosh tortgan Jan Pol Sartr va, albatta, 1903 va 1911 yillarda Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan er va xotin Mari va Per Kyuri edi. Mari Kyuri mukofotni eri vafotidan keyin kimyo sohasida olgan.
Eng faxriy laureatlar
Maks Delbryuk va Salvador Luriya, fajlar guruhi deb ataladigan asl qahramonlar, a'zolari molekulyar genetikaning inqilobiy sohasini boshlagan birinchi kashfiyotlar qilgan harakatning markazida edilar. Bu juftlik, shuningdek, qarshilik mayda organizmlarda irsiy xususiyat ekanligini ko'rsatdi.
Viruslarning replikatsiya mexanizmi va genetik tuzilishi haqidagi kashfiyotlari uchun
Hersheyning dastlabki tajribalari tarixiy edi. Marta Cheyz bilan ishlagan holda, u fag zarralarining tarkibiy qismlarini va ularning fag tarqalishi jarayoniga qo'shgan hissasini o'rganishni boshladi. U Indiana universiteti ustozi Salvador Luriyaning maslahati bilan kelgan. Ikkinchisi o'n yillikning boshida Shimoliy qirg'oqning yozgi lazzatlarini kashf etgan va endi u Uotsonni o'zi asos solgan Faj guruhida ishtirok etishini xohladi. Delbryukning iltimosiga ko'ra, u so'nggi taqdimotni o'tkazdi va u Frensis Krik bilan Angliyaning Kembrij shahrida uch oy oldin qilgan kashfiyoti haqida xabar berdi.
5 Shvetsiya – 28:
Mukofotning ajdod yurtida hozirda 28 nafar laureat bor.
1903 yilda Svante Arrhenius kimyo bo'yicha birinchi mukofotni oldi, 1982 yilda esa Alva Myrdal qurolsizlanish sohasidagi faolligi uchun Nobel Tinchlik mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.
6 Shveytsariya – 25:
Mukofotni kim va nima uchun beradi?
Bu jahon madaniyatining timsoliga aylanadigan shaklni, bizning dunyomizni olib yuradigan ajoyib egizak spirallarni birinchi marta ko'rishi edi. irsiy ma'lumotlar. Qo'shma Shtatlar dushanba kuni o'z ro'yxatini iqtisod bo'yicha qo'shdi va mukofot tarixidagi jami 347 taga etdi. Bu dunyoning har qanday mamlakati orasida eng ko'p: keyingi eng yuqori ko'rsatkich 120 laureat bilan Britaniya.
Yuqori qismida mukofot tarixida eng ko'p Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlariga ega bo'lgan mamlakatlar ko'rsatilgan issiqlik xaritasi joylashgan. Aksariyat mamlakatlarda Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari mavjud emas. Zaif sariq mamlakatlar birinchi mukofot berilganidan keyin 113 yil ichida roppa-rosa bitta Nobelga sazovor bo'ldi. to'q sariq mamlakatlarning kichik klasteri, ehtimol 10-15 Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari. To'q qizil mamlakatlarning juda kichik guruhini oldi eng Nobel mukofotlari.
Agar aholi jon boshiga g'oliblar sonini hisoblasak, Shveytsariya, albatta, jadvalda birinchi o'rinda turadi. Uning million aholisiga uchta Nobel mukofoti sovrindori to‘g‘ri keladi. G‘oliblar ro‘yxatidan adabiyot sohasida Herman Hesse va fizika sohasida Albert Eynshteyn kabi nomlar bor.
Tinchlik uchun Nobel mukofotini kim va nima uchun oldi?
Ularning aksariyati fanlarda edi, lekin adabiy mukofot va dunyodagi eng mashhur mukofot ham bor edi. Natijalar qiziqarli va oshkora. Barcha Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlarining 83 foizi hayratlanarli darajada G'arb davlatlari. Quyida biz Nobel maʼlumotlariga toʻxtalib oʻtamiz. Lekin birinchi navbatda, biz mintaqalar bo'yicha ajratilgan sovrinlar xaritasini taqdim etamiz. G'arbiy Evropa va Shimoliy Amerika mukofotlarning katta qismini olishini darhol ko'rishingiz mumkin.
Ma'lumotlarga shu tarzda qaraydigan bo'lsak, Evropadan tashqaridagi odamlar juda aniq bo'ladi va Shimoliy Amerika juda ko'p Nobel yutmang. Afrikada atigi 16 nafar Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari bo‘lgan. Eng katta va eng ko'p bo'lishiga qaramay, butun Osiyo aholi zich joylashgan hudud dunyoda faqat 49 Nobel mukofoti laureatiga da'vo qila oladi.
7 SSSR - Rossiya - 23:
1990 yilda Tinchlik mukofotini olgan Mixail Gorbachyov, 1958 yilda adabiy mukofotdan voz kechishga majbur bo'lgan Boris Pasternak va 1970 yilda adabiyot sohasidagi mukofoti uning mamlakatdan haydalishiga hissa qo'shgan Aleksandr Soljenitsin. Laureatlar ro'yxati, mamlakat vakillari, deyarli barcha nominatsiyalarda ko'plab yirik nomlarni o'z ichiga oladi.
Nobel haqiqati qay darajada gʻarb mukofoti ekanligi haqida yaxshiroq tasavvurga ega boʻlish uchun bu yerda laureatlarning mintaqa va mamlakatlar boʻyicha taqsimlanishini koʻrsatadigan doiraviy diagramma keltirilgan. Moviy tilim ingliz tilida so'zlashuvchi mamlakatlar uchun, yashil G'arbiy Evropa uchun, qizil esa Sharqiy Evropa uchun.
Ko'k-yashil rangga qarang! Garchi dunyoning katta qismi G'arbga tegishli bo'lmagan vayronalardan kelib chiqqan bo'lsa-da, grafikning kichik bir qismi g'arbiy bo'lmagan mamlakatlar uchun qolgan. Albatta, buning bir qismi, chunki o'tgan 113 yil ichida dunyo juda o'zgargan. G'arb ancha ustun edi, shuning uchun u mukofotning dastlabki o'n yilliklarida katta ustunlikka ega bo'ldi. Mustamlaka mukofot tarixining yarmida tugadi; Bungacha Nobel mukofotlari g'arbiy bo'lmagan mamlakatlarga deyarli bormagan.
8 Avstriya - 20:
Mukofotni olgan bu mamlakatning birinchi vakili 1905 yilda Tinchlik mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan baronessa Berta fon Suttner bo'ldi. Mamlakatni tibbiyot sohasida yetti nafar nomzod ko'rsatmoqda.
9 Kanada - 20:
Kanada shuningdek, yigirmata Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan, ulardan ettitasi kimyo sohasida. Ularning eng so'nggi g'oliblari fizika bo'yicha Uillard Boyl va tibbiyot yoki fiziologiya bo'yicha Jek Szostak bo'lib, ikkalasi ham 2009 yilda mukofotga sazovor bo'lgan.
Va Sharqiy Yevropa o'rta ilmiy poyga davomida laureatlarning katta kuchayishiga erishdi sovuq urush, u o'shandan beri sustlashmoqda. Biroq, taqqoslash hayratlanarli. Mana vaqt o'tishi bilan g'arbiy bo'lmagan mintaqalarda Nobel mukofoti laureatlarini ko'rsatadigan jadval.
Men uchun bu sahifadagi eng qiziqarli grafik. Siz ushbu jadvaldagi bir nechta tendentsiyalarni darhol ko'rasiz. O'shandan beri u orqaga chekindi va hozirda bu o'n yillik Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari uchun Afrika bilan bog'langan. Bu yana bir tendentsiya: o'nlab yillar davomida Nobel mukofotlarida ortda qolgan Afrikadan keyin bu mukofotlarning aksariyati birinchi bo'lib Yaponiyaga nasib etdi. Hozirda kam sonli, ammo ortib borayotgan Nobel mukofotlari boshqalarga yuborilmoqda Osiyo davlatlari, xususan, Hindiston va Xitoyga.
10 Gollandiya – 19:
Yana bir kichik xalq, lekin u ham bor butun chiziq g'oliblari, Nobel mukofoti laureatlari. Ushbu mamlakatning birinchi vakillari orasida mukofotni 1902 yilda birgalikda olgan fiziklar Pieter Zeeman va Hendrik Lorentz ham bor edi.
Mana, Nobel tarixiga oid yana bir qancha statistik ma'lumotlar. Nobel mukofotlari 72 yoshdan oshgan odamlarga berildi turli mamlakatlar. Ammo Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlarining yarmidan ko‘pi bor-yo‘g‘i uchta davlatdan: AQSh, Buyuk Britaniya va Germaniyadan. Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlarining har uchdan biridan koʻprogʻi AQShdan. Boshqacha aytganda, AQShda dunyo aholisining 4 foizi va Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlarining 34 foizi yashaydi.
Umuman olganda, Osiyo, Afrika, lotin Amerikasi Yaqin Sharqda esa atigi 104 ta Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari bor. Bu hududlarda dunyo aholisining 81 foizi, ammo Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlarining atigi 10 foizi yashaydi. Agar siz qo'shsangiz Sharqiy Yevropa, bu 90 foizni tashkil qiladi. Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlarining yarmidan ko‘pi Yevropadan: 54 foiz. Ularning ko'pchiligi dan G'arbiy Evropa, unda barcha laureatlarning 45 foizi bor edi. Buni yuqoridagi doiraviy diagrammadagi ulkan yashil chiziqda ko'rishingiz mumkin.
NOBEL MUKOFOTLARI, Alfred Nobelning 1895-yil 27-noyabrda tuzilgan vasiyatiga muvofiq taqdirlanadi, unda beshta yoʻnalish: fizika, kimyo, fiziologiya va tibbiyot, adabiyot va dunyo tinchligiga qoʻshgan hissasi boʻyicha mukofotlarni berish uchun kapital ajratish nazarda tutilgan. . Shu maqsadda 1900 yilda Nobel jamg'armasi tashkil etilgan - boshlang'ich kapitali 31 million shved toji bo'lgan xususiy, mustaqil, nodavlat tashkilot.
Dunyo Nobel mukofoti laureatlarining qariyb yarmi - Anglosfera: Buyuk Britaniya, AQSh, Kanada, Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiya. Ikkinchi eng keng tarqalgan Ona tili Nobel mukofoti laureatlari orasida - nemis; Nemis tilida so'zlashuvchi mamlakatlardan 152 laureat.
Aholi jon boshiga eng kam Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari to‘g‘ri keladigan mintaqa Afrika hisoblanadi. Hozirda har 62 million afrikalik uchun bitta Afrika Nobel mukofoti to'g'ri keladi. Yaqin Sharqda 20 ta Nobel mukofoti laureati bo‘lgan: 12 isroillik, to‘rt misrlik, bir falastinlik, bir eronlik, bir turk va bir yamanlik. Ajablanarlisi shundaki, u ham eng ko'p xususiyatlarga ega katta ulush Jahon mukofoti sovrindorlari: Yaqin Sharqdagi 20 g'olibning sakkiztasi Jahon mukofoti sovrindorlari.
Birinchi mukofotlar 1901-yil 10-dekabrda topshirildi. 1969-yildan boshlab Shvetsiya banki tashabbusi bilan iqtisodiyot boʻyicha ham mukofotlar berilib kelinmoqda ( rasmiy nomi- Iqtisodiyot bo'yicha Alfred Nobel xotirasiga bag'ishlangan mukofot, Shvetsiya Qirollik Fanlar akademiyasi qarori bilan berilgan), shundan so'ng Nobel jamg'armasi kengashi nomzodlar sonini ko'paytirmaslikka qaror qildi. Mukofot uchtadan ortiq kishiga birgalikda topshirilishi mumkin emas (bu 1968 yilda qaror qilingan) va agar arizachi mukofot e'lon qilingan vaqtda (odatda oktyabr oyida) tirik bo'lsa, lekin shu yilning 10 dekabriga qadar vafot etgan bo'lsa, vafotidan keyin berilishi mumkin. qaror 1974 yilda qabul qilingan). Mukofotlar Nobel jamg'armasi tomonidan emas, balki har bir soha uchun besh kishidan iborat maxsus Nobel qo'mitalari tomonidan beriladi, fizika, kimyo, iqtisod bo'yicha qo'mitalar esa Shvetsiya Qirollik Fanlar akademiyasi, fiziologiya va tibbiyot bo'yicha - tomonidan tanlanadi. Stokgolmdagi Qirollik Karolinska tibbiy-jarrohlik instituti, tinchlik mukofotlari uchun Norvegiya parlamenti (Storting) va adabiyot bo'yicha - Stokgolmdagi Shvetsiya akademiyasi. Nomzodlarni ko'rsatish huquqi institutlarga emas, balki shaxslarga (Tinchlik mukofotlaridan tashqari) cheklangan. Mukofotlar (tinchlik mukofotlari bundan mustasno) faqat bir marta berilishi mumkin (ammo, Nobel mukofoti tarixida bu qoidadan bir nechta istisnolar mavjud edi). Ko'plab ekspertlar mukofotga nomzodning hissasini baholaydilar. Ushbu beshta soha bo'yicha qaror qabul qilish tartibi boshqacha. Joriy yil uchun takliflar 1-fevralgacha qabul qilinadi va yakuniy qarorlar oktabr oyida qabul qilinadi, ular Stokgolmdagi maxsus matbuot anjumanida e'lon qilinadi. Taqdirlash marosimi 10 dekabr kuni Kopengagen va Osloda bo‘lib o‘tadi. Kopengagenda fizika, kimyo, fiziologiya va tibbiyot, adabiyot va iqtisodiyot bo'yicha mukofotlar topshiriladi. Konsert zali Shvetsiya qiroli, Tinchlik uchun Nobel mukofoti Norvegiya Nobel qo'mitasi raisi tomonidan Osloda Norvegiya qiroli va a'zolari ishtirokida topshiriladi. qirollik oilasi. Sovrin o'z ichiga oladi Oltin medal, diplom va pul mukofoti. Laureatlar maxsus nashrda chop etilgan Nobel ma'ruzalarini taqdim etadilar " Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari" 1946 yildan boshlab Nobel jamg'armasi Riksdag qarori bilan soliq to'lashdan ozod qilingan. Jamgʻarma mablagʻlari investitsiya faoliyatidan (AQSHda Fondning tijorat faoliyati 1953 yilda soliqlardan ozod qilingan) va xayriya xayriyalaridan olingan daromadlar hisobidan toʻldiriladi. 1901 yilda birinchi bonuslar 150 ming shved kroni (2000 yilda 6,8 million kron) edi, keyin mukofot kamaydi va faqat 1991 yilda dastlabki darajaga yetdi. 2001 yilda mukofotlar 10 million kronni (taxminan 1 million AQSh dollari) tashkil etdi.
bilan kuchli o'nta davlat eng katta raqam Nobel mukofoti laureatlari. Ushbu ro'yxatning eng og'irligiga e'tibor bering; raqamlar keskin kamayib bormoqda. Qo'shma Shtatlar. Bu yilgi kimyo mukofoti Jak Dyubochet, Yoaxim Frank va Richard Xendersonga tegishli. Ular krioelektron mikroskopiyani ishlab chiqdilar. Bu haqda Stokgolmdagi Shvetsiya Qirollik Fanlar Akademiyasining Nobel qo‘mitasi ma’lum qildi. Videoning yuqori qismida siz hakamlar hay'atining videodagi dalillarini ko'rishingiz mumkin.
Ushbu mikroskopiya texnikasi yordamida tuzilmalarni molekulyar darajada ko'rish mumkin: Salmonella bakteriyalari hujayra ichiga igna bilan kirib, uni yuqtirishni kuzatish mumkinmi? Bu krioelektron mikroskopiya tufayli mumkin bo'ldi. Shunday qilib, tadqiqotchilar endi o'simliklardagi molekulalarni, ular qanday fotosintez qilishini yoki qaysi oqsillar antibiotikga chidamli patogenni yaratishini ko'rishlari mumkin. Ushbu texnika bilan boshlandi yangi davr biokimyo bo'yicha, deb yozadi Nobel mukofoti hakamlar hay'ati o'zining tushuntirish bayonotida.
Adabiyot bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari | ||
Mukofot olingan yil | Laureatlar | |
2015 | Svetlana Aleksievich | Aleksievich Svetlana Aleksandrovna |
2014 | Patrik Modiano | Patrik Modiano |
2013 | Elis Enn Munro | Elis Enn Munro |
2012 | Mò Yán | Mo Yan |
2011 | Tomas Gosta Transtromer | Tumas Transtromer |
2010 | Mario Vargas Lyosa | Mario Vargas Lyosa |
2009 | Herta Myuller | Herta Myuller |
2008 | Jan-Mari Gustav Le Klezio | Jan-Mari Gustav Leklezio |
2007 | Doris Lessing | Doris Lessing |
2006 | Orxan Pamuk | Orxan Pamuk |
2005 | Xarold Pinter | Xarold Pinter |
2004 | Elfrid Jelinek | Elfrid Jelinek |
2003 | Jon Maksvell Kutzi | Jon Coetzier |
2002 | Imre Kertes | Imre Kertesz |
2001 | Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul | Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul |
2000 | Gao Xingjian | Gao Sinqyan |
1999 | Gyunter Grass | Gunter Grass |
1998 | Xose Saramago | Xose Saramago |
1997 | Dario Fo | Dario Fo |
1996 | Vislava Shimborska | Wieslawa Shimborska |
1995 | Seamus Xini | Seamus Xini |
1994 | Kenzaburo Oe | Kenzaburo Oe |
1993 | Toni Morrison | Toni Morrison |
1992 | Derek Uolkott | Derek Uolkott |
1991 | Nadin Gordimer | Nadin Gordimer |
1990 | Oktavio Paz | Oktavio Paz |
1989 | Kamilo Xose Sela | Kamilo Xose Sela |
1988 | Nagib Mahfuz | Nagib Mahfuz |
1987 | Jozef Brodskiy | Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodskiy |
1986 | Wole Soyinka | Wole Soyinka |
1985 | Klod Saymon | Klod Saymon |
1984 | Yaroslav Seyfert | Yaroslav Seyfert |
1983 | Uilyam Golding | Uilyam Golding |
1982 | Gabriel Garsia Markes | Gabriel Garsia Markes |
1981 | Elias Kanetti | Elias Kanetti |
1980 | Cheslav Milosh | Cheslav Milosh |
1979 | Odysseus Elytis | Odyseas Elytis |
1978 | Isaak Bashevi qo'shiqchi | Isaak Bashevi qo'shiqchi |
1977 | Visente Aleixandre | Visente Aleixandre |
1976 | Shoul Bellow | Shoul Bellow |
1975 | Eugenio Montale | Eugenio Montale |
1974 | Eyvind Jonson, Garri Martinson | Eyvind Jonson, Garri Martinson |
1973 | Patrik Uayt | Patrik Uayt |
1972 | Geynrix Boll | Geynrix Böll |
1971 | Pablo Neruda | Pablo Neruda |
1970 | Aleksandr Isaevich Soljenitsin | Aleksandr Isaevich Soljenitsin |
1969 | Samuel Bekket | Samuel Bekket |
1968 | Yasunari Kavabata | Yasunari Kavabata |
1967 | Migel Anxel Asturias | Migel Anxel Asturias |
1966 | Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Nelli Saks | Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Nelli Zaks |
1965 | Mixail Aleksandrovich Sholoxov | Mixail Aleksandrovich Sholoxov |
1964 | Jan-Pol Sartr | Jan Pol Sartr |
1963 | Giorgos Seferis | Yorgos Seferis |
1962 | Jon Steynbek | Jon Steynbek |
1961 | Ivo Andric | Ivo Andric |
1960 | Sent-Jon Perse | Avliyo Jon Perse |
1959 | Salvatore Quasimodo | Salvatore Quasimodo |
1958 | Boris Leonidovich Pasternak | Boris Leonidovich Pasternak |
1957 | Albert Kamyu | Albert Kamyu |
1956 | Xuan Ramon Ximenes | Xuan Ramon Ximenes |
1955 | Halldor Kiljan Laksness | Halldor Kiljan Laksness |
1954 | Ernest Miller Xeminguey | Ernest Miller Xeminguey |
1953 | Ser Uinston Leonard Spenser Cherchill | Uinston Leonard Spenser Cherchill |
1952 | Fransua Mauriak | Fransua Mauriak |
1951 | Fabian Lagerkvist nomidan | Lagerkvist bo'yicha |
1950 | Erl (Bertran Artur Uilyam) Rassel | Bertran Rassell |
1949 | Uilyam Folkner | Uilyam Folkner |
1948 | Tomas Stearns Eliot | Tomas Stearns Eliot |
1947 | André Pol Guillaume qo'llanma | Andre Gide |
1946 | Hermann Hesse | Hermann Hesse |
1945 | Gabriela Mistral | Gabriela Mistral |
1944 | Johannes Vilhelm Jensen | Ioxannes Vilgelm Jensen |
1943 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1942 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1941 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1940 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1939 | Frans Eemil Sillanpää | Frantsiya Emil Sillanpa |
1938 | Pearl Bak | Pearl Bak |
1937 | Rojer Martin du Gard | Rojer Martin du Gard |
1936 | Evgeniy Gladston O'Nil | Evgeniy O'Nil |
1935 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1934 | Luidji Pirandello | Luidji Pirandello |
1933 | Ivan Alekseevich Bunin | Ivan Alekseevich Bunin |
1932 | Jon Galsvorsi | Jon Galsvorsi |
1931 | Erik Aksel Karlfeldt | Erik Aksel Karlfeldt |
1930 | Sinkler Lyuis | Sinkler Lyuis |
1929 | Tomas Mann | Tomas Mann |
1928 | Sigrid Undset | Sigrid Undset |
1927 | Anri Bergson | Anri Bergson |
1926 | Grazia Deledda | Greys Deledda |
1925 | Jorj Bernard Shou | Jorj Bernard Shou |
1924 | Vladislav Stanislav Reymont | Vladislav Stanislav Reymont |
1923 | Uilyam Butler Yeats | Uilyam Butler Yeats |
1922 | Jacinto Benavente | Jacinto Benavente va Martinez |
1921 | Anatol Fransiya | Anatol Fransiya |
1920 | Knut Pedersen Hamsun | Knut Hamsun |
1919 | Karl Fridrix Georg Spittler | Karl Spittler |
1918 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1917 | Karl Adolf Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan | Karl Adolf Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan |
1916 | Karl Gustaf Verner fon Xaydenstam | Verner fon Heydenstam |
1915 | Romain Rolland | Romain Rolland |
1914 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1913 | Rabindranat Tagor | Rabindranat Tagor |
1912 | Gerxart Iogann Robert Hauptmann | Gerxart Hauptmann |
1911 | Graf Moris (Muris) Polidor Mari Bernxard Meterlink | Maurice Meterlink |
1910 | Pol Iogann Lyudvig Heyse | Pol Xeyz |
1909 | Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlof | Selma Lagerlöf |
1908 | Rudolf Kristof Evken | Rudolf Aiken |
1907 | Rudyard Kipling | Rudyard Kipling |
1906 | Jozue Karduchi | Giosue Carducci |
1905 | Genrik Sienkevich | Genrik Sienkevich |
1904 | Frederik Mistral, Xose Echegaray Y Eizaguirre | Frederik Mistral, Xose Echeguerai va Eizaguirre |
1903 | Byornstjerne Martinus Byornson | Byornstern Byornson |
1902 | Kristian Mattias Teodor Mommsen | Teodor Mommsen |
1901 | Sully Prudhomme | Sully-Prudhomme |
Nobel tinchlik mukofoti laureatlari | ||
Mukofot olingan yil | Laureatlar | |
2015 | Tunis milliy muloqot kvarteti | Tunisdagi Milliy muloqot kvarteti |
2014 | Malala Yusufzay, Kailash Satyarthi | Malala Yusufzay, Kailash Satyarthi |
2013 | Tashkilot uchun Kimyoviy qurollarni taqiqlash | Kimyoviy qurolni taqiqlash tashkiloti |
2012 | Yevropa Ittifoqi, Yevropa Ittifoqi | Yevropa Ittifoqi, EI |
2011 | Ellen Jonson-Serlif, Leyma Gbovi | Ellen Jonson Serlif, Leyma Gbovi |
2010 | Liu Xiaobo | Liu Xiaobo |
2009 | Barak Obama | Barak Obama |
2008 | Martti Axtisaari | Marti Axtisaari |
2007 | Iqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha hukumatlararo panel (IPCC), Albert Arnold (Al) Gor Jr. | Iqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha hukumatlararo panel (IPCC), Al Gore |
2006 | Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank | Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank |
2005 | Atom energiyasi bo'yicha xalqaro agentlik, Muhammad al-Baradey | Xalqaro agentligi atom energiyasi, Muhammad al-Baradey |
2004 | Vangari Maathai | Vangari Maathai |
2003 | Shirin Ebadi | Shirin Ebadi |
2002 | Jimmi Karter | Jimmi Karter |
2001 | Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT), Kofi Annan | Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT), Kofi Annan |
2000 | Kim Dae Jung | Kim Dae Jun |
1999 | Chegara bilmas shifokorlar | Chegara bilmas shifokorlar |
1998 | Jon Hum, Devid Trimble | Jon Hum, Devid Trimble |
1997 | Er minalarini taqiqlash bo'yicha xalqaro kampaniya (Icbl), Jodi Uilyams | Minalarni taqiqlash bo'yicha xalqaro kampaniya, Jodi Uilyams |
1996 | Karlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, Xose Ramos-Xorta | Karlos Felipe Ximenes Belo, Xose Ramos-Xorta |
1995 | Jozef Rotblat, Pugvash fan va jahon ishlari bo'yicha konferentsiyalar | Jozef Rotblat, Fan va global muammolar bo'yicha Pugwash konferentsiyalari |
1994 | Yosir Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin | Yosir Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin |
1993 | Nelson Mandela, Frederik Villem de Klerk | Nelson Mandela, Frederik Villem de Klerk |
1992 | Rigoberta Menchú Tum | Rigoberta Menchu |
1991 | Aun San Su Chji | Aun San Su Chji |
1990 | Mixail Sergeyevich Gorbachev | Mixail Sergeyevich Gorbachev |
1989 | 14-Dalay Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) | 14-Dalay Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) |
1988 | Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining tinchlikparvar kuchlari | BMT tinchlikparvar kuchlari |
1987 | Oskar Arias Sanches | Oskar Arias Sanches |
1986 | Elie Wiesel | Elie Wiesel |
1985 | Nuclear Was Inc.ning oldini olish uchun xalqaro shifokorlar. | Yadro urushining oldini olish uchun dunyo shifokorlari |
1984 | Desmond Mpilo Tutu | Desmond Mpilo Tutu |
1983 | Lex Uels | Lex Uels |
1982 | Alva Myrdal, Alfonso Garsiya Robles | Alva Myrdal, Alfonso Garsiya Robles |
1981 | Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Qochqinlar bo'yicha Oliy Komissarligi boshqarmasi | |
1980 | Adolfo Peres Esquivel | Adolfo Peres Esquivel |
1979 | Ona Tereza | Ona Tereza |
1978 | Muhammad Anvar as-Sadat, Menahem Begin | Anvar Sadat, Menachem Begin |
1977 | Amnesty International | Amnesty International |
1976 | Betti Uilyams, Mered Korrigan | Betti Uilyams, Mered Korrigan |
1975 | Andrey Dmitrievich Saxarov | Andrey Dmitrievich Saxarov |
1974 | Shon Makbrayd, Eisaku Sato | Shon Makbrayd, Eisaku Sato |
1973 | Genri A. Kissinger, Le Duk Tho | Genri Kissinger, Le Duk Tho |
1972 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1971 | Villi Brandt | Villi Brandt |
1970 | Norman E. Borlaug | Norman Ernest Borlaug |
1969 | Xalqaro mehnat tashkiloti (I.L.O.) | Xalqaro mehnat tashkiloti |
1968 | Rene Kassin | Rene Kassin |
1967 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1966 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1965 | Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Bolalar jamg'armasi (UNICEF) | Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Bolalar jamg'armasi (UNICEF) |
1964 | Martin Lyuter King Jr. | Martin Lyuter King |
1963 | Comité international de la Croix Rouge (Xalqaro Qizil Xoch Qo'mitasi), Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Ruge (Qizil Xoch Jamiyatlari Ligasi) | Xalqaro Qizil Xoch Qo'mitasi, Qizil Xoch Jamiyatlari Ligasi |
1962 | Linus Karl Pauling | Linus Karl Pauling |
1961 | Dag Xalmar Agne Karl Xammarshöld | Hammarsheld, Dag |
1960 | Albert Jon Lutuli | Albert Jon Luthuli |
1959 | Filipp J. Noel-Beyker | Filipp Noel-Beyker |
1958 | Georges Pire | Georges Pier |
1957 | Lester Boulz Pearson | Lester Boulz Pearson |
1956 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1955 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1954 | Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Qochqinlar bo'yicha Oliy Komissarligi boshqarmasi | Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Qochqinlar bo'yicha Oliy Komissarligi |
1953 | Jorj Katlett Marshall | Jorj Marshall |
1952 | Albert Shvaytser | Albert Shvaytser |
1951 | Leon Jouhaux | Leon Chjuo |
1950 | Ralf Bunche | Ralf Bunche |
1949 | Brechinlik Lord (Jon) Boyd Orr | Jon Boyd Orr |
1948 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1947 | Do'stlar Xizmati Kengashi (Kvakerlar), Amerika Do'stlar Qo'mitasi (Kvakerlar) | Davlat xizmatidagi do'stlar kengashi (Quakers), Amerika davlat xizmatidagi do'stlar qo'mitasi (Quakers) |
1946 | Emili Grin Balch, Jon Reli Mott | Emili Grin Bolch, Jon Reyli Mott |
1945 | Kordell Xall | Kordell Xall |
1944 | ||
1943 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1942 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1941 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1940 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1939 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1938 | Office International Nansen pour les Refugies (Nansen xalqaro qochoqlar idorasi) | Nansenovskaya xalqaro tashkilot Qochqinlar ishlari |
1937 | Sesil Chelvud, Vikont (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gaskoyn Sesil) | Robert Sesil |
1936 | Karlos Saavedra Lamas | Karlos Saavedra Lamas |
1935 | Karl fon Ossetskiy | Karl fon Ossetskiy |
1934 | Artur Xenderson | Artur Xenderson |
1933 | Ser Norman Anjell (Ralf Leyn) | Norman Anjell (Ralf Leyn) |
1932 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1931 | Jeyn Addams, Nikolas Myurrey Butler | Jeyn Addams, Nikolas Myurrey Butler |
1930 | Lars Olof Natan (Jonatan) Söderblom | Natan Söderblum |
1929 | Frank Billings Kellogg | Frank Billings Kellogg |
1928 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1927 | Ferdinand Buisson, Lyudvig Quidde | Ferdinand Bisson, Lyudvig Quidde |
1926 | Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann | Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann |
1925 | Ser Osten Chemberlen, Charlz Geyts Dous | Ostin Chemberlen, Charlz Dous |
1924 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1923 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1922 | Fridtjof Nansen | Fridtjof Nansen |
1921 | Karl Xjalmar Branting, Kristian Lous Lange | Karl Xjalmar Branting, Christian Lange |
1920 | Léon Viktor Auguste Burjuais | Leon Burjua |
1919 | Tomas Vudro Vilson | Tomas Vudro Vilson |
1918 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1917 | Comité international de la Croix Rouge (Xalqaro Qizil Xoch Qo'mitasi) | Xalqaro Qizil Xoch Qo'mitasi |
1916 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1915 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1914 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1913 | Anri La Fonten | Anri Lafonten |
1912 | Elihu ildizi | Elixu Rut |
1911 | Tobias Maykl Karel Asser, Alfred Herman Frid | Tobias Asser, Alfred Hermann Frid |
1910 | Byuro xalqaro doimiy de la Paix (Doimiy Xalqaro tinchlik byurosi) | Xalqaro tinchlik byurosi |
1909 | Auguste Mari Fransua Bernaert, Pol Anri Benjamin Balluet, baron d'Esturnelles de Constant de Rebeke | Auguste Berernard, Pol D'Esturnel de Constant |
1908 | Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer | Kleys Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bayer |
1907 | Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Lui Renault | Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Lui Renault |
1906 | Teodor Ruzvelt | Teodor Ruzvelt |
1905 | Baronessa Berta Sofi Felicita fon Suttner, qizlik qizi grafinya Kinskiy fon Chinic va Tettau | Berta fon Suttner |
1904 | Institut de droit international (Xalqaro huquq instituti) | Xalqaro huquq instituti |
1903 | Uilyam Randal Cremer | Uilyam Rendall Kremer |
1902 | Elie Ducommun, Charlz Albert Gobat | Elie Dukommin, Charlz Albert Goba |
1901 | Jan Anri Dyunant, Frederik Passi | Jan Anri Dyunant, Frederik Passi |
Iqtisodiyot bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari | ||
Mukofot olingan yil | Laureatlar | |
2015 | Angus Deaton | Angus Deaton |
2014 | Jan Tirol | Jan Tirol |
2013 | Lars Piter Xansen | Lars Piter Xansen |
2012 | Lloyd Shapli, Alvin Rot | Lloyd Shapli, Alvin Rot |
2011 | Tomas Sargent, Kristofer Sims | Tomas Sargent, Kristofer Sims |
2010 | Piter Diamond, Deyl Mortensen, Kristof Pissarides | Piter Diamond, Deyl Mortensen, Kristofer Pissarides |
2009 | Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Uilyamson | Elinor Ostrom, Oliver Uilyamson |
2008 | Pol Krugman | Pol Krugman |
2007 | Leonid Xurvich, Erik S. Maskin, Rojer B. Myerson | Leonid Gurvits, Erik Maskin, Rojer Myerson |
2006 | Edmund S. Felps | Edmund Felps |
2005 | Robert J. Aumann, Tomas C. Shelling | Robert Aumann, Tomas Shelling |
2004 | Finn E. Kydland, Edvard C. Preskott | Finn Kydland, Edvard Preskott |
2003 | Robert F. Engle, Klayv V. J. Grenjer | Robert Engl, Klayv Grenjer |
2002 | Daniel Kahneman, Vernon Smit | Daniel Kahneman, Vernon Smit |
2001 | Jorj A. Akerlof, A. Maykl Spens, Jozef E. Stiglits | Jorj Akerlof, Maykl Spens, Jozef Stiglits |
2000 | Jeyms J. Xekman, Daniel I. MakFadden | Jeyms Xekman, Daniel MakFadden |
1999 | Robert A. Mundell | Robert Mundell |
1998 | Amartya Sen | Amartya Sen |
1997 | Robert C. Merton, Myron S. Skoulz | Robert Merton, Myron Skoulz |
1996 | Jeyms A. Mirrlis, Uilyam Vikri | Jeyms Mirrlis, Uilyam Vikri |
1995 | Robert E. Lukas Jr. | Robert Lukas |
1994 | Jon C. Harsanyi, Jon F. Nesh Jr., Reynxard Selten | Jon Xarsanyi, Jon Nesh, Reynxard Selten |
1993 | Robert V. Fogel, Duglas C. Shimoliy | Robert Vogel, Duglas Shimoliy |
1992 | Gari S. Bekker | Gari Bekker |
1991 | Ronald H. Kouz | Ronald Kouz |
1990 | Garri M. Markowitz, Merton X. Miller, Uilyam F. Sharp | Garri Markowitz, Merton Miller, Uilyam Sharp |
1989 | Trygve Haavelmo | Trygve Haavelmo |
1988 | Moris Allais | Maurice Halle |
1987 | Robert M. Solow | Robert Solou |
1986 | Jeyms M. Buchanan Jr. | Jeyms Buchanan |
1985 | Franko Modigliani | Franko Modigliani |
1984 | Richard Stoun | Richard Stoun |
1983 | Jerar Debreu | Jerar Debreu |
1982 | Jorj J. Stigler | Jorj Stigler |
1981 | Jeyms Tobin | Jeyms Tobin |
1980 | Lourens R. Klein | Lourens Klein |
1979 | Teodor V. Shults, ser Artur Lyuis | Teodor Shults, Artur Lyuis |
1978 | Gerbert A. Simon | Gerbert Simon |
1977 | Bertil Ohlin, Jeyms E. Meade | Bertil Ulin (Olin), Jeyms Mid |
1976 | Milton Fridman | Milton Fridman |
1975 | Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans | Leonid Vitalievich Kantorovich, Tjalling Koopmans |
1974 | Gunnar Myrdal, Fridrix Avgust fon Hayek | Gunnar Myrdal, Fridrix fon Hayek |
1973 | Vasiliy Leontyev | Vasiliy Leontyev |
1972 | Jon R. Hiks, Kennet J. Ok | Jon Xiks, Kennet Ok |
1971 | Saymon Kuznets | Saymon Kuznets |
1970 | Pol A. Samuelson | Pol Samuelson |
1969 | Ragnar Frish, Yan Tinbergen | Ragnar Frish, Yan Tinbergen |
Fiziologiya yoki tibbiyot bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari | ||
Mukofot olingan yil | Laureatlar | |
2015 | Uilyam C. Kempbell, Satoshi Omura, Tu Youyou | Uilyam Kempbell, Satoshi Omura, Tu Youyou |
2014 | May-Britt Mozer, Edvard I. Mozer, Jon O'Kif | Mey-Britt Mozer, Edvard Mozer, Jon O'Kif |
2013 | Jeyms Rotman, Rendi V. Shekman, Tomas S. Südhof | Jeyms Rotman, Rendi Shakman, Tomas Südxof |
2012 | Jon Gurdon, Shinya Yamanaka | Jon Gurdon, Shinya Yamanaka |
2011 | Bryus A.Beutler, Jyul A.Hoffmann, Ralf M. Steinman | Bryus Beutler, Jyul Xoffman, Ralf Shtaynman |
2010 | Robert Edvards | Robert Edvards |
2009 | Elizabet X. Blekbern, Kerol V. Greyder, | Elizabet Blekbern, Kerol Greyder, Jek Szostak |
Jek V. Szostak | ||
2008 | Lyuk Montanye, Fransua Barre-Sinoussi, Xarald zur Xauzen | Lyuk Montenier, Fransuaza Barre-Sinoussi, Xarald zur Xauzen |
2007 | Mario R. Capecchi, Oliver Smithies, Martin J. Evans | Mario Kapetti, Martin Evans, Oliver Smitisi |
2006 | Endryu Z. Fire, Kreyg C. Mello | Endryu Fayr, Kreyg Mellow |
2005 | Barri J. Marshall, J. Robin Uorren | Barri Marshall, Robin Uorren |
2004 | Richard Axel, Linda B. Bak | Richard Excel, Linda Bak |
2003 | Pol C. Lauterbur, ser Piter Mansfild | Pol Lauterbur, Piter Mansfild |
2002 | Sidney Brenner, X. Robert Horvits, Jon E. Sulston | Sidney Brenner, Robert Xorvits, Jon Sulston |
2001 | Leland X. Xartvell, R. Timoti (Tim) Hunt, Pol M. Hamshira | Leland Xartvell, Timoti Xant, Pol hamshira |
2000 | Arvid Karlsson, Pol Greengard, Erik R. Kandel | Arvid Karlsson, Pol Greengard, Erik Kandel |
1999 | Gyunter Blobel | Gunter Blobel |
1998 | Robert F. Furchgott, Lui J. Ignarro, Ferid Murod | Robert Furchgott, Luis Ignarro, Ferid Murod |
1997 | Stenli B. Prusiner | Stenli Prusiner |
1996 | Piter C.Doherti, Rolf M.Zinkernagel | Piter Doherti, Rolf Zinkernagel |
1995 | Edvard B.Lyuis, Kristian Nüsslayn-Volhard, Erik F.Viesxaus | Edvard Lyuis, Kristian Nüsslayn-Volxard, Erik Vishaus |
1994 | Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell | Alfred Gilman (Gilman), Martin Rodbell |
1993 | Richard J. Roberts, Filipp A. Sharp | Richard Roberts, Filip Sharp |
1992 | Edmond X. Fischer, Edvin G. Krebs | Edmond Fisher, Edvin Krebs |
1991 | Ervin Nexer, Bert Sakmann | Ervin Nexer, Bert Zaxman |
1990 | Jozef E. Myurrey, E. Donnall Tomas | Jozef Myurrey, Edvard Donnall Tomas |
1989 | J. Maykl Bishop, Xarold E. Varmus | Jon Maykl Bishop, Garold Varmus |
1988 | Ser Jeyms V. Blek, Gertrude B. Elion, Jorj X. Xitchings | Jeyms Blek, Gertruda Elyon, Jorj Xitchings |
1987 | Susumu Tonegava | Suzumi Tonegava |
1986 | Stenli Koen, Rita Levi-Montalchini | Stenli Koen, Rita Levi-Montalchini |
1985 | Maykl S. Braun, Jozef L. Goldshteyn | Maykl Braun, Jozef Goldshteyn |
1984 | Niels K. Jerne, Georges J. F. Köhler, Sezar Milshteyn | Nils Jerne, Georg Köhler, Sezar Milshteyn |
1983 | Barbara MakKlintok | Barbara MakKlintok |
1982 | Sune K.Bergström, Bengt L.Samuelsson, Jon R.Veyn | Sune Bergström, Bengt Samuelsson, Jon Ueyn |
1981 | Rojer V. Sperri, Devid Xubel, Torsten N. Vizel | Rojer Sperri, Devid Xubel, Torsten Vizel |
1980 | Baruj Benacerraf, Jan Dausset, Jorj D.Snell | Baruch Benacerraf, Jan Dausset, Jorj Snell |
1979 | Allan M. Kormak, Godfrey N. Xounsfild | Allan Kormak, Godfri Xounsfild |
1978 | Verner Arber, Daniel Natans, Hamilton O. Smit | Verner Arber, Daniel Natans, Hamilton Smit |
1977 | Rojer Guillemin, Endryu V. Schally, Rozalin Yalov | Rojer Guillemin, Endryu Shalli, Rozalin Yalu |
1976 | Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek | Baruch Blumberg, Karlton Gayduzek |
1975 | Devid Baltimor, Renato Dulbekko, Xovard Martin Temin | Devid Baltimor, Renato Dulbekko, Xovard Temin |
1974 | Albert Klod, Kristian de Duve, Jorj E. Palade | Albert Klod, Kristian de Dyu, Jorj Palad |
1973 | Karl fon Frish, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen | Karl fon Frish, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen |
1972 | Jerald M. Edelman, Rodni R. Porter | Jerald Edelman, Rodni Porter |
1971 | Earl W. Satherland, Jr. | Erl Sazerlend Jr. |
1970 | Ser Bernard Katz, Ulf fon Eyler, Yuliy Akselrod | Bernard Katz, Ulf fon Eyler, Yuliy Akselrod |
1969 | Maks Delbryuk, Alfred D. Xershi, Salvador E. Luriya | Maks Delbryuk, Alfred Xershi, Salvador Luriya |
1968 | Robert U.Xolli, Xar Gobind Xorana, Marshall V.Nirenberg | Robert Xolli, Xar Gobind Xorana, Marshall Nirenberg |
1967 | Ragnar Granit, Xaldan Keffer Xartlayn, Jorj Vald | Ragnar Granit, Keffer Xartlayn, Jorj Vald |
1966 | Peyton Rus, Charlz Brenton Huggins | Peyton Rouz, Charlz Xuggins |
1965 | Fransua Jeykob, Andre Lvof, Jak Monod | Fransua Yakob, Andre Lvov, Jak Monod |
1964 | Konrad Bloch, Fedor Linen | Konrad Bloch, Feodor zig'ir |
1963 | Ser Jon Keru Ekkls, Alan Lloyd Xodgkin, Endryu Filding Xaksli | Jon Ekkls, Alan Xodgkin, Endryu Filding Xaksli |
1962 | Frensis Garri Kompton Krik, Jeyms Dyui Uotson, Moris Xyu Frederik Uilkins | Frensis Krik, Jeyms Uotson, Moris Uilkins |
1961 | Georg fon Bekesi | Georg Bekesi |
1960 | Ser Frenk Makfarleyn Bernet, Piter Brayan Medavar | Makfarleyn Bernet, Piter Brayan Medavar |
1959 | Severo Ochoa, Artur Kornberg | Severo Ochoa, Artur Kornberg |
1958 | Jorj Uells Bild, Edvard Lori Tatum, Joshua Lederberg | Jorj Beadl, Edvard Tatham, Joshua Lederberg |
1957 | Daniele Bovet | Daniele Bove |
1956 | André Frederik Cournand, Verner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards | Andre Kurnan, Verner Forsman, Dikkinson Richards |
1955 | Axel Hugo Teodor Teorell | Hugo Teorell |
1954 | Jon Franklin Enders, Tomas Xakl Ueller, Frederik Chapman Robbins | Jon Enders, Tomas Veler, Frederik Robbins |
1953 | Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann | Hans Krebs, Fritz Lipmann |
1952 | Selman Abraham Vaksman | Zelman Vaksman |
1951 | Maks Theiler | Maks Theiler |
1950 | Edvard Kalvin Kendall, Tadeus Reyxshteyn, Filipp Showalter Xench | Edvard Kendall, Thaddeus Reichshteyn, Filipp Xench |
1949 | Valter Rudolf Xess, Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz | Valter Xess, Egas Moniz |
1948 | Pol Herman Myuller | Pol Myuller |
1947 | Karl Ferdinand Kori, Gerti Tereza Kori, qizlik ismi Radnits, Bernardo Alberto Xussay | Karl Kori, Gerti Kori, Bernardo Usay |
1946 | Hermann Jozef Myuller | Hermann Möller |
1945 | Ser Aleksandr Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, ser Xovard Valter Flori | Aleksandr Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, Xovard Flori |
1944 | Jozef Erlanger, Gerbert Spenser Gasser | Jozef Erlanger, Gerbert Gasser |
1943 | Henrik Karl Piter Dam, Edvard Adelbert Doisi | Henrik Dam, Eduard Doisy |
1942 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1941 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1940 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1939 | Gerxard Domagk | Gerxard Domagk |
1938 | Kornel Jan Fransua Xeymans | Korney Heymans |
1937 | Albert fon Szent-Dyordji Nagyrapolt | Albert Szent-Dyordji |
1936 | Ser Genri Xallett Deyl, Otto Lyovi | Genri Deyl, Otto Lovi |
1935 | Hans Spemann | Hans Spemann |
1934 | Jorj Xoyt Uippl, Jorj Richards Minot, Uilyam Parri Merfi | Jorj Uippl, Jorj Minot, Uilyam Merfi |
1933 | Tomas Xant Morgan | Tomas Xant Morgan |
1932 | Ser Charlz Skott Sherrington, Edgar Duglas Adrian | Charlz Skott Sherrington, Edgar Duglas Adrian |
1931 | Otto Geynrix Varburg | Otto Geynrix Varburg |
1930 | Karl Landshtayner | Karl Landshtayner |
1929 | Kristian Eykman, ser Frederik Golend Xopkins | Kristian Eykman, Frederik Golend Xopkins |
1928 | Charlz Jyul Anri Nikol | Charlz Nikol |
1927 | Yuliy Vagner-Yauregg | Yuliy Vagner-Yauregg |
1926 | Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger | Yoxannes Fibiger |
1925 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1924 | Villem Eynxoven | Villem Eynxoven |
1923 | Frederik Grant Banting, Jon Jeyms Richard Makleod | Frederik Banting, Jon MakLeod |
1922 | Archibald Vivian Xill, Otto Fritz Meyerxof | Archibald Xill, Otto Meyerxof |
1921 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1920 | Schack August Steenberg Krogh | Avgust Krog |
1919 | Jyul Bordet | Jyul Bordet |
1918 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1917 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1916 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1915 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1914 | Robert Barany | Robert Barany |
1913 | Charlz Robert Richet | Charlz Richet |
1912 | Aleksis Karrel | Aleksis Karrel |
1911 | Allvar Gullstrand | Alvar Gullstrand |
1910 | Albrecht Kossel | Albrecht Kossel |
1909 | Emil Teodor Kocher | Emil Teodor Kocher |
1908 | Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Pol Erlix | Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Pol Erlix |
1907 | Charlz Lui Alfons Laveran | Charlz Lui Alfons Laveran |
1906 | Kamillo Golji, Santyago Ramon va Kaxal | Kamillo Golji, Santyago Ramon va Kaxal |
1905 | Robert Koch | Robert Koch |
1904 | Ivan Petrovich Pavlov | Ivan Petrovich Pavlov |
1903 | Niels Ryberg Finsen | Niels Ryberg Finsen |
1902 | Ronald Ross | Ronald Ross |
1901 | Emil Adolf fon Bering | Emil Adolf fon Bering |
Kimyo bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari | ||
Mukofot olingan yil | Laureatlar | |
2015 | Tomas R. Lindal, Pol L. Modrich, Aziz Sancar | Tomas Lindal, Pol Modrich, Aziz Sanjar |
2014 | Erik Betzig, Uilyam E. Moerner, Stefan V. Hell | Erik Betzig, Uilyam Morner, Stefan Hell |
2013 | Arie Uorshel, Martin Karplus, Maykl Levitt | Ari Varschel, Martin Karplus, Maykl Levit |
2012 | Robert J. Lefkovitz, Brayan Kobilka | Robert Lefkovitz, Brayan Kobilka |
2011 | Daniel Shextman | Daniel Shextman |
2010 | Richard Xek, Akira Suzuki, Ei-ichi Nagishi | Richard Xek, Akira Suzuki, Eiichi Nagishi |
2009 | Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Tomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonat | Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Tomas Steitz, Ada Yonat |
2008 | Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfi, Rojer Tsien | Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfi, Rojer Tsien |
2007 | Gerxard Ertl | Gerxard Ertl |
2006 | Rojer D. Kornberg | Rojer Kornberg |
2005 | Iv Shovin, Robert X. Grubbs, Richard R. Shrok | Iv Shovin, Robert Grubbs, Richard Shrok |
2004 | Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Xershko, Irvin Rose | Aaron Siechanover, Avram Gershko, Irvin Rose |
2003 | Piter Agre, Roderik MakKinnon | Piter Aygre, Roderik MakKinnon |
2002 | Jon B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich | Jon Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Vyutrix |
2001 | Uilyam S. Noulz, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barri Sharpless | Uilyam Noulz, Ryoji Noyori, Barri Sharpless |
2000 | Alan J. Xeger, Akan G. MakDiarmid, Xideki Shirakava | Alan Xeger, Alan MakDiarmid, Xideki Shirakava (Shirakava) |
1999 | Ahmad H.Zavayl | Ahmad Zevayl |
1998 | Valter Kohn, Jon A. Pople | Valter Kon, Jon Popl |
1997 | Pol Boyer, Jon E. Uoker, Jens C. Skou | Pol Boyer, Jon Uoker, Jens Skou |
1996 | Robert F.Kurl Jr., Ser Xarold V.Kroto, Richard E.Smalley | Robert Körl, Xarold Kroto, Richard Smolli |
1995 | Pol J. Krutsen, Mario J. Molina, F. Shervud Rouland | Pol Krutsen, Mario Molina, Shervud Roulend |
1994 | Jorj A. Olah | Jorj Olah |
1993 | Kari B. Mullis, Maykl Smit | Kari Mullis, Maykl Smit |
1992 | Rudolf A.Markus | Rudolf Markus |
1991 | Richard R.Ernst | Richard Ernst |
1990 | Elias Jeyms Kori | Eliza Jeyms Kori |
1989 | Sidney Altman, Tomas R. Chex | Sidney Altman, Tomas Chek |
1988 | Ioxann Deyzenxofer, Robert Xuber, Xartmut Mishel | Ioxann Deyzenxofer, Robert Xuber, Xartmut Mishel |
1987 | Donald J. Kram, Jan-Mari Len, Charlz J. Pedersen | Donald Krum, Jan Mari Len, Charlz Pedersen |
1986 | Dadli R. Xershbax, Yuan T. Li, Jon C. Polanyi | Dadli Xershbax, Li Yang, Jon Polanyi |
1985 | Gerbert A. Hauptman, Jerom Karle | Gerbert Hauptmann, Jerom Karl |
1984 | Robert Bryus Merrifild | Robert Bryus Merrifild |
1983 | Genri Taube | Genri Taube |
1982 | Aaron Klug | Aaron Klug |
1981 | Kenichi Fukui, Roald Xoffman | Kenichi Fukui, Roald Xoffman |
1980 | Pol Berg, Valter Gilbert, Frederik Sanger | Pol Berg, Valter Gilbert, Frederik Sanger |
1979 | Gerbert C. Braun, Georg Vittig | Gerbert Braun, Georg Vittig |
1978 | Piter D. Mitchell | Piter Mitchell |
1977 | Ilya Prigojin | Ilya Prigojin |
1976 | Uilyam N. Lipscomb | Uilyam Lipscomb |
1975 | Jon Uorkup Kornfort, Vladimir Prelog | Jon Kornfort, Vladimir Prelog |
1974 | Pol J. Flori | Pol Jon Flori |
1973 | Ernst Otto Fisher, Jefri Uilkinson | Ernst Otto Fisher, Jefri Uilkinson |
1972 | Kristian B. Anfinsen, Stenford Mur, Uilyam X. Steyn | Kristian Anfinsen, Stenford Mur, Uilyam Shtayn |
1971 | Gerxard Gertsberg | Gerxard Gertsberg |
1970 | Luis F. Leluar | Lui Leluar |
1969 | Derek H.R.Barton, Odd Xassel | Derek Barton, Odd Xassel |
1968 | Lars Onsager | Lars Onsager |
1967 | Manfred Eigen, Ronald Jorj Wreyford Norrish, Jorj Porter | Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish, Jorj Porter |
1966 | Robert S. Mulliken | Robert Mulliken |
1965 | Robert Berns Vudvord | Robert Vudvord |
1964 | Doroti Krofut Xojkin | Doroti Krofut Xojkin |
1963 | Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta | Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta |
1962 | Maks Ferdinand Perutz, Jon Kouderi Kendry | Maks Ferdinand Perutz, Jon Kodri Kendry |
1961 | Melvin Kalvin | Melvin Kalvin |
1960 | Villard Frank Libbi | Villard Frank Libbi |
1959 | Yaroslav Xeyrovskiy | Yaroslav Xeyrovskiy |
1958 | Frederik Sanger | Frederik Sanger |
1957 | Lord Aleksandr R. Todd | Aleksandr Todd |
1956 | Ser Kiril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov | Kiril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov |
1955 | Vinsent de Vigneaud | Vinsent du Vigneault |
1954 | Linus Karl Pauling | Linus Karl Pauling |
1953 | Hermann Staudinger | Hermann Staudinger |
1952 | Archer Jon Porter Martin, Richard Laurens Millington Synge | Archer Jon Porter Martin, Richard Lourens Millington Synge |
1951 | Edvin Mattison Makmillan, Glenn Teodor Siborg | Edvin Mattison MakMillan, Glenn Teodor Siborg |
1950 | Otto Pol Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder | Otto Pol Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder |
1949 | Uilyam Frensis Giauque | Uilyam Giok |
1948 | Arne Vilgelm Kaurin Tiselius | Arne Tiselius |
1947 | Ser Robert Robinson | Robert Robinson |
1946 | Jeyms Batcheller Samner, Jon Xovard Norrop, Vendell Meredit Stenli | Jeyms Samner, Jon Xovard Norrop, Vendell Meredit Stenli |
1945 | Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | Artturi Virtanen |
1944 | Otto Xan | Otto Xan |
1943 | Jorj de Xevsi | Dyorji de Xevsi |
1942 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1941 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1940 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1939 | Adolf Fridrix Iogann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzika | Adolf Fridrix Iogann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzika |
1938 | Richard Kuhn | Richard Kuhn |
1937 | Valter Norman Xovort, Pol Karrer | Valter Norman Xovort, Pol Karrer |
1936 | Petrus (Piter) Iosif Vilgelmus Debye | Piter Jozef Vilgelm Debye |
1935 | Frederik Joliot, Iren Joliot-Kyuri | Frederik Joliot, Iren Joliot-Kyuri |
1934 | Xarold Kleyton Urey | Xarold Kleyton Urey |
1933 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1932 | Irving Langmur | Irving Langmur |
1931 | Karl Bosch, Fridrix Bergius | Karl Bosch, Fridrix Bergius |
1930 | Hans Fisher | Hans Fisher |
1929 | Artur Harden, Hans Karl Avgust Simon fon Eyler-Chelpin | Artur bog'i, Xans fon Eyler-Helpin |
1928 | Adolf Otto Reynxold Windaus | Adolf Otto Reynxold Windaus |
1927 | Geynrix Otto Viland | Geynrix Otto Viland |
1926 | (Teodor) Svedberg | Teodor Svedberg |
1925 | Richard Adolf Zsigmondi | Richard Adolf Zsigmondi |
1924 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1923 | Fritz Pregl | Fritz Pregl |
1922 | Frensis Uilyam Aston | Frensis Uilyam Aston |
1921 | Frederik Soddi | Frederik Soddi |
1920 | Valter Herman Nernst | Valter Herman Nernst |
1919 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1918 | Fritz Xaber | Fritz Xaber |
1917 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1916 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1915 | Richard Martin Uilshtetter | Richard Martin Uilshtetter |
1914 | Teodor Uilyam Richards | Teodor Uilyam Richards |
1913 | Alfred Verner | Alfred Verner |
1912 | Viktor Grignard, Pol Sabatier | Viktor Grignard, Pol Sabatier |
1911 | Mari Kyuri | Mari Kyuri |
1910 | Otto Wallach | Otto Wallach |
1909 | Vilgelm Ostvald | Vilgelm Ostvald |
1908 | Ernest Ruterford | Ernest Ruterford |
1907 | Eduard Buchner | Eduard Buxner |
1906 | Anri Moissan | Anri Moissan |
1905 | Iogan Fridrix Vilgelm Adolf fon Bayer | Adolf fon Bayer |
1904 | Ser Uilyam Ramsay | Uilyam Ramsay |
1903 | Svante Avgust Arrhenius | Svante Avgust Arrhenius |
1902 | Hermann Emil Fisher | Hermann Emil Fisher |
1901 | Yakobus Henrikus van't Xoff | Jeykob Xendrik van't Xoff |
Fizika bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari | ||
Mukofot olingan yil | Laureatlar | |
2015 | Takaaki Kajita, Artur B. MakDonald | Takaaki Kajita, Artur MakDonald |
2014 | Isamu Akasaki, Xiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura | Isamu Akasaki, Xiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura |
2013 | Fransua Englert, Piter V. Xiggs | Fransua Englert, Piter Xiggs |
2012 | Serj Xaroche, Devid Uaylend | Serj Xaroche, Devid Uaylend |
2011 | Saul Perlmutter, Adam G. Riess, Brayan P. Shmidt | Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riss, Brayan Shmidt |
2010 | Konstantin Novoselov, Andre Geym | Konstantin Novoselov, Andrey Geym |
2009 | Charlz K. Kao Charlz Kao | Uillard Boyl |
Villard S. Boyl | Jorj E. Smit Jorj Smit | |
2008 | Toshixide Maskava, Makoto Kobayashi, Yoichiro Nambu | Toshixide Maskava, Makoto Kobayashi, Yoichiru Nambu |
2007 | Albert Fert, Piter Grunberg | Albert Firt, Piter Gryunberg |
2006 | Jon C. Mather, Jorj F. Smoot | Jon Mater, Jorj Smut |
2005 | Roy J. Glauber, Jon L. Xoll, Teodor V. Xansh | Roy Glauber, Jon Xoll, Teodor Xansh |
2004 | Devid J. Gross, H. Devid Politzer, Frank Uilshek | Devid Gross, Devid Politzer, Frank Uilchek |
2003 | Aleksey A. Abrikosov, Vitaliy L. Ginzburg, Entoni J. Leggett | Aleksey Abrikosov, Vitaliy Ginzburg, Entoni Leggett |
2002 | Kichik Raymond Devis, Masatoshi Koshiba, Rikkardo Giakkoni | Kichik Raymond Devis, Masatoshi Koshiba, Rikkardo Giakkoni |
2001 | Erik A. Kornell, Volfgang Ketterle, Karl E. Wieman | Erik Kornel, Volfgang Ketterl, Karl Viman |
2000 | Jores I Alferov, Gerbert Kroemer, Jek S Kilbi | Jores Ivanovich Alferov, Gerbert Kroemer, Jek Kilbi |
1999 | Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G | Jerar Huft, Martin Veltman |
1998 | Robert B. Laflin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui | Robert Laflin, Horst Stoermer, Daniel Tsui |
1997 | Stiven Chu, Klod Koen-Tannoudji, Uilyam D. Fillips | Stiven Chu, Klod Koen-Tannoudji, Uilyam Fillips |
1996 | Devid M. Li, Duglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson | Devid Li, Duglas Osheru, Robert Richardson |
1995 | Martin L. Perl, Frederik Reyns | Martin Pearl, Frederik Reyns |
1994 | Bertram N. Brokxaus, Klifford G. Shull | Bertram Brokxaus, Klifford Shull |
1993 | Rassell A. Hulse, Jozef X. Teylor Jr. | Rassel Xulse, kichik Jozef Teylor. |
1992 | Jorj Charpak | Jorj Charpak (Charpak) |
1991 | Per-Gilles de Gennes | Per Gilles de Gennes |
1990 | Jerom I. Fridman, Genri V. Kendall, Richard E. Teylor | Jerom Fridman, Genri Kendall, Richard Teylor |
1989 | Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Volfgang Pol | Norman Ramsay, Hans Demelt, Volfgang Pol |
1988 | Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Shvarts, Jek Shtaynberger | Leon Lederman, Melvin Shvarts, Jek Shtaynberger |
1987 | J.Georg Bednorz, K.Aleksandr Myuller | Georg Bednorz, Aleksandr Myuller |
1986 | Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Geynrix Rorer | Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Geynrix Rorer |
1985 | Klaus von Klitzing | Klaus von Klitzing |
1984 | Karlo Rubbiya, Saymon van der Meer | Karlo Rubbiya, Saymon van der Meer |
1983 | Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, Uilyam Alfred Fauler | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Uilyam Alfred Fauler |
1982 | Kennet G. Uilson | Kennet Uilson |
1981 | Nikolaas Bloembergen, Artur Leonard Shoulou, Kay M.Sigbahn | Nikolas Blombergen, Artur Leonard Shoulou, Kay Sigban |
1980 | Jeyms Uotson Kronin, Val Logsdon Fitch | Jeyms Uotson Kronin, Val Logsdon Fitch |
1979 | Sheldon Li Glashow, Abdus Salam, Stiven Vaynberg | Sheldon Li Glashow, Abdus Salam, Stiven Vaynberg |
1978 | Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Vudro Vilson | Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Vudro Vilson |
1977 | Filipp Uorren Anderson, ser Nevill Frensis Mott, Jon Xasbruk van Vlek | Filipp Uorren Anderson, Nevill Frensis Mott, Jon Van Vlek |
1976 | Burton Rixter, Samuel Chao Chung Ting | Burton Rixter, Semyuel Ting |
1975 | Aage Niels Bor, Ben Roy Mottelson, Leo Jeyms Rainwater | Aage Niels Bor, Ben Roy Mottelson, Leo Jeyms Rainwater |
1974 | Ser Martin Rayl, Entoni Xyuish | Martin Rayl, Entoni Xyuish |
1973 | Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brayan Devid Jozefson | Leo Esaki, Aivar Jayever, Brayan Devid Jozefson |
1972 | Jon Bardin, Leon Nil Kuper, Jon Robert Shriffer | Jon Bardin, Leon Nil Kuper, Jon Robert Shriffer |
1971 | Dennis Gabor | Dennis Gabor |
1970 | Xannes Olof Gosta Alfven, Lui Evgeniy Feliks Neel | Xannes Alfven, Lui Evgeniy Felik Neel |
1969 | Myurrey Gell-Mann | Myurrey Gell-Mann |
1968 | Luis Valter Alvares | Luis Valter Alvares |
1967 | Hans Albrecht Bethe | Hans Albrecht Bethe |
1966 | Alfred Kastler | Alfred Kastler |
1965 | Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julius Shvinger, Richard P. Feynman | Shinichiro Tomonaga, Julius Shvinger, Richard Feynman |
1964 | Charlz Xard Tauns, Nikolay Gennadievich Basov, Aleksandr Mixaylovich Proxorov | Charlz Xard Tauns, Nikolay Gennadievich Basov, Aleksandr Mixaylovich Proxorov |
1963 | Evgeniy Pol Vigner, Mariya Goeppert-Mayer, J. Xans D. Jensen | Eugen Pol Vigner, Mariya Goeppert-Mayer, Xans Jensen |
1962 | Lev Davidovich Landau | Lev Davidovich Landau, |
1961 | Robert Xofstadter, Rudolf Lyudvig Mössbauer | Robert Xofstadter, Rudolf Lyudvig Mössbauer |
1960 | Donald Artur Glaser | Donald Artur Glaser |
1959 | Emilio Gino Segre, Ouen Chemberlen | Emilio Gino Segre, Ouen Chemberlen |
1958 | Pavel Akekseyevich Cherenkov, Il'ja Mixaylovich Frank, Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm | Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov, Ilya Mixaylovich Frank, Igor Evgenievich Tamm |
1957 | Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Li | Zhenning Yang, Zongdao Li |
1956 | Uilyam Bredford Shokli, Jon Bardin, Uolter Xauser Brattain | Uilyam Bredford Shokli, Jon Bardin, Uolter Xauser Brattain |
1955 | Uillis Evgeniy Qo'zi, Polikarp Kush | Uillis Eugene Lamb, Polikarp Kush |
1954 | Maks Born, Valter Bote | Maks Born, Valter Bothe |
1953 | Frits (Frederik) Zernike | Fritz Zernike |
1952 | Feliks Bloch, Edvard Mills Pursel | Feliks Bloch, Edvard Mills Pursel |
1951 | Ser Jon Duglas Kokkroft, Ernest Tomas Sinton Uolton | Jon Duglas Kokkroft, Ernest Tomas Sinton Uolton |
1950 | Sesil Frank Pauell | Sesil Frank Pauell |
1949 | Xideki Yukava | Xideki Yukava |
1948 | Patrik Meynard Styuart Blekett | Patrik Maynard Styuart Blekett |
1947 | Ser Edvard Viktor Appleton | Edvard Viktor Appleton |
1946 | Persi Uilyams Bridgman | Persi Uilyams Bridgman |
1945 | Volfgang Pauli | Volfgang Pauli |
1944 | Isidor Isaak Rabi | Isidor Isaak Rabi |
1943 | Otto Stern | Otto Stern |
1942 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1941 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1940 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1939 | Ernest Orlando Lourens | Ernest Orlando Lourens |
1938 | Enriko Fermi | Enriko Fermi |
1937 | Klinton Jozef Devisson, Jorj Paget Tomson | Klinton Jozef Devisson, Jorj Tomson |
1936 | Viktor Frans Xess, Karl Devid Anderson | Viktor Frans Xess, Karl Devid Anderson |
1935 | Jeyms Chadvik | Jeyms Chadvik |
1934 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1933 | Ervin Shredinger, Pol Adrien Moris Dirak | Ervin Shredinger, Pol Adrien Moris Dirak |
1932 | Verner Karl Xayzenberg | Verner Karl Xayzenberg |
1931 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1930 | Ser Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman | Chandrasekara Venkata Raman |
1929 | Shahzoda Lui-Viktor Per Raymond de Brogli | Lui de Brogli |
1928 | Ouen Uillans Richardson | Ouen Uilyams Richardson |
1927 | Artur Xolli Kompton, Charlz Tomson Ris Uilson | Artur Xolli Kompton, Charlz Tomson Ris Uilson |
1926 | Jan Baptiste Perren | Jan Baptiste Perren |
1925 | Jeyms Frank, Gustav Lyudvig Gerts | Jeyms Frank, Gustav Lyudvig Gerts |
1924 | Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn | Manne Sigban |
1923 | Robert Endryu Millikan | Robert Endryu Milliken |
1922 | Niels Henrik Devid Bor | Nils Bor |
1921 | Albert Eynshteyn | Albert Eynshteyn |
1920 | Charlz-Eduard Guillaume | Charlz Eduard Guillaume |
1919 | Yoxannes Stark | Yoxannes Stark |
1918 | Maks Karl Ernst Lyudvig Plank | Maks Plank |
1917 | Charlz Glover | Charlz Glover Barkla |
1916 | Mukofot berilmadi | |
1915 | Ser Uilyam Genri Bragg, Uilyam Lourens Bragg | Uilyam Genri Bragg, Uilyam Lourens Bragg |
1914 | Maks von Laue | Maks von Laue |
1913 | Xayke Kamerlingh Onnes | Xayke Kamerlingh Onnes |
1912 | Nils Gustaf Dalen | Nils Gustav Dahlen |
1911 | Vilgelm Wien | Vilgelm Wien |
1910 | Yoxannes Diderik van der Vaals | Yan Diderik Van Der Vaals |
1909 | Guglielmo Markoni, Karl Ferdinand Braun | Guglielmo Markoni, Karl Ferdinand Braun |
1908 | Gabriel Lippmann | Gabriel Lippman |
1907 | Albert Abraham Mishelson | Albert Abraham Mishelson |
1906 | Ser Jozef Jon Tomson | Jozef Jon Tomson |
1905 | Filipp Eduard Anton fon Lenard | Filipp fon Lenard |
1904 | Lord (Jon Uilyam Strutt) Rayleigh | Jon Uilyam Strett, Lord Rayleigh |
1903 | Antuan Anri Bekkerel, Per Kyuri, Mari Kyuri | Antuan Anri Bekkerel, Per Kyuri, Mari Kyuri |
1902 | Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Piter Zeeman | Hendrik Anton Lorenz, Piter Zeeman |
1901 | Vilgelm Konrad Rentgen | Vilgelm Konrad Rentgen |
Magellan bulutlari: ular kimlar?
Qalampirli biftek sousi qaymoqli qalampir sousi
Dizayner uchun vakolatli portfelni qanday yaratish kerak
Agar siz uy yonib ketganini orzu qilgan bo'lsangiz - tushning tush kitobiga ko'ra talqini
Buxgalterning choraklik hisobotlari