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The role of didactic games in the development of a preschool child.
K.D. Ushinsky considered play to be a free activity of a child, making a contribution to his development that cannot be compared with anything else. He wrote: “The game is free activity child, and if we compare the interest of the game, and exactly the number and variety of traces it left in the child’s soul, with the similar influence of the teaching of the first five or six years, then, of course, all the advantage will remain on the side of the game. Learning in the form of a game can and should be interesting, entertaining, but never entertaining.” Prezentacii.com
A didactic game is such a collective, purposeful educational activities when each participant and the team as a whole are united by a decision main task and orient their behavior towards winning. A didactic game is an active educational activity in simulation modeling systems, phenomena, processes being studied.
Didactic tasks Didactic tasks are varied. This could be familiarization with the environment (nature, animals and vegetable world, people, their life, work, events public life), speech development (consolidation of correct sound pronunciation, enrichment of vocabulary, development of coherent speech and thinking). Didactic tasks may be associated with the consolidation of elementary mathematical concepts.
Rules of didactic games Big role in a didactic game belongs to the rules. They determine what and how each child should do in the game, and indicate the path to achieving the goal. Rules help develop children's inhibition abilities (especially in early preschool age). They teach children the ability to restrain themselves and control their behavior. For younger children preschool age It's very difficult to take turns. Everyone wants to be the first to take the toy out of the " wonderful bag", get a card, name an object, etc. But the desire to play and play in a group of children gradually leads them to the ability to inhibit this feeling, that is, to obey the rules of the game.
Game action An important role in didactic games belongs to game action. A play action is a manifestation of children’s activity for gaming purposes: rolling colorful balls, disassembling a turret, assembling a nesting doll, rearranging cubes, guessing objects by description, guessing what change has occurred with objects placed on the table, winning a competition, playing the role of a wolf, a buyer, seller, guesser, etc. If we analyze didactic games from the point of view of what occupies and captivates children in them, it turns out that children are interested, first of all, in the game action. It stimulates children's activity and gives children a feeling of satisfaction. Didactic task veiled in game uniform, is solved by the child more successfully, since his attention is primarily directed to the unfolding of the game action and compliance with the rules of the game. Unnoticed by himself, without much tension, while playing, he performs a didactic task.
Thanks to the presence of game actions, didactic games used in the classroom make learning more entertaining, emotional, and help improve voluntary attention children, create the prerequisites for deeper acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities. Playful action creates children's interest in the didactic task. The more interesting the game action, the more successfully the children solve it. A game action consisting of several game elements, focuses children's attention on the content and rules of the game for more long time and creates favorable conditions for completing the didactic task.
The role of didactic games: They are a means of education, with their help the teacher influences all aspects of the child’s personality: consciousness, feelings, will, relationships, actions and behavior in general; perform a teaching function, are a means of initial training for preschool children, mental education; in them, children reflect the life around them and learn certain facts and phenomena accessible to their perception and understanding. Their content shapes children's right attitude to objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, systematizes and deepens knowledge about native land, about people different professions, ideas about labor activity adults; develop children’s sensory abilities through games to familiarize children with the color, shape, and size of objects;
develop children’s speech: the vocabulary expands and becomes more active, correct sound pronunciation is formed, coherent speech develops, and the ability to correctly express one’s thoughts; - form moral ideas about caring for surrounding objects, toys as the results of adult labor, about norms of behavior, about positive and negative qualities personalities; instill respect for working people, arouse interest in work activities, and the desire to work themselves; develop aesthetic taste; contribute physical development: cause a positive emotional uplift wellness, small muscles of the arms develop and strengthen.
Conclusion: Didactic games- an indispensable means of teaching children to overcome various difficulties in their mental and moral activities. These games contain great opportunities and educational effects on preschool children.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Methodological material for teachers of the senior group. Long-term planning of role-playing games. Card index of outdoor games, application. Card index of plot-role-playing games.
Card index of outdoor games. Card file of observations during a walk (for a year) senior group. plot card index - role playing games with the application. Forward planning plot - role-playing and theatrical...
Transport. Didactic, speech games with movements, finger gymnastics, outdoor games, s-r games...
Transport. Didactic, speech games with movements, finger gymnastics, outdoor games, s-r games......
Travel games, algorithmic games, logical tasks
Travel games:1. "Visiting Lesovichka." Goal: To teach children to solve riddles, to strengthen their speech skills - proof. Progress of the game: An old forest man comes to visit the children and invites the children to...
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DIDACTIC GAMES PERFORMED BY: TEACHER MBDOU No. 28 “RAINBOW” KULIDZHANYAN S. K. “A game is a huge bright window through which spiritual world The child receives a life-giving stream of ideas and concepts about the world around him. A game is a spark that ignites the flame of inquisitiveness and curiosity.” Soviet teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky
DIDACTIC GAMES Didactic games are a type training sessions, organized in the form educational games, implementing a number of gaming principles, active learning and characterized by the presence of rules, a fixed structure play activity and assessment systems, one of the methods of active learning. A didactic game is a collective, purposeful educational activity when each participant and the team as a whole are united in solving the main problem and focus their behavior on winning. A didactic game is an active educational activity involving simulation of the systems, phenomena, and processes being studied.
A didactic game is one of the forms of educational influence of an adult on a child. having two goals: one of them is educational, which is pursued by an adult, and the other is playful, for which the child acts. Didactic games differ in the content they teach, in cognitive activity children, according to game actions and rules, according to the form of organization, according to the relationships between children, according to the role of the teacher
TYPES OF DIDACTIC GAMES
Based on the nature of the material used, didactic games are conventionally divided into
Stages of the didactic game
Methodology for organizing didactic games
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Card index of outdoor games. Card file of observations on a walk (for a year) senior group. card index of plot-role-playing games with an application. Long-term planning of plot - role-playing and theatrical...
Transport. Didactic, speech games with movements, finger gymnastics, outdoor games, s-r games...
Transport. Didactic, speech games with movements, finger gymnastics, outdoor games, s-r games......
Travel games, algorithmic games, logical tasks
Travel games:1. "Visiting Lesovichka." Goal: To teach children to solve riddles, to strengthen their speech skills - proof. Progress of the game: An old forest man comes to visit the children and invites the children to...
Educational didactic games...
Role-playing games are aimed at developing the ability to coordinate one’s own game plan with the plans of peers, change roles during the game....
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The role of didactic games in the development of a preschooler Maria Vasilyevna Stolyarova Educator, MBDOU " Kindergarten No. 1 Perelub village"
“Play is a huge, bright, gentle thing through which a life-giving stream of ideas and concepts about the surrounding world flows into the child’s spiritual world. Play is the spark that ignites the flame of inquisitiveness and curiosity.” V.A. Sukhomlinsky
The value of play as an educational tool lies in the fact that, by influencing a group of children playing, the teacher, through the team, influences each of them. By organizing children’s lives in play, the teacher forms not only play relationships, but also real ones, consolidating useful habits into the norms of children’s behavior in different conditions and out of the game. Thus, with the correct guidance of children, the game becomes a school of learning and education.
K.D. Ushinsky considered play to be a free activity of a child, making a contribution to his development that cannot be compared with anything else. He wrote: “Play is the free activity of a child, and if we compare the interest of play, and exactly the number and variety of traces left by it in the child’s soul, with the similar influence of the teaching of the first five or six years, then, of course, all the advantage will remain on the side of the game.” . Learning in the form of a game can and should be interesting, entertaining, but never entertaining.”
A didactic game is a collective, purposeful educational activity when each participant and the team as a whole are united in solving the main problem and focus their behavior on winning. A didactic game is an active educational activity involving simulation modeling of the systems, phenomena, and processes being studied.
They are a means of education, with their help the teacher influences all aspects of the child’s personality: consciousness, feelings, will, relationships, actions and behavior in general; perform a teaching function, are a means of initial training for preschool children, mental education; in them, children reflect the life around them and learn certain facts and phenomena accessible to their perception and understanding. Their content forms in children the correct attitude towards objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, systematizes and deepens knowledge about their native land, about people of different professions, ideas about the work activities of adults; develop children’s sensory abilities through games to familiarize children with the color, shape, and size of objects; The role of didactic games
develop children’s speech: the vocabulary expands and becomes more active, correct sound pronunciation is formed, coherent speech develops, and the ability to correctly express one’s thoughts; - form moral ideas about caring for surrounding objects, toys as the results of adult labor, about norms of behavior, about positive and negative personality traits; instill respect for working people, arouse interest in work activities, and the desire to work themselves; develop aesthetic taste; promote physical development: cause a positive emotional uplift and good health, develop and strengthen the small muscles of the arms.
BUSINESS BOARDS Development of fine motor skills, coordination of movements, imagination. Adaptation to the everyday environment.
Board games: “Loto”, “Find along the contour”, “Collect the whole”, “Pairs”.
Board games: “Loto”, “Find along the contour”, “Find the same figure”, “Gloves”.
The didactic cube forms ideas about color, size, shape, develops fine motor skills, speech, and communication with the outside world.
Conclusion: Didactic games are an indispensable means of teaching children to overcome various difficulties in their mental and moral activities. These games contain great opportunities and educational effects on preschool children.
CLASSIFICATION OF GAMES
Prepared by: Tyutyugina M.B., teacher of MBDOU "Kindergarten "Vorobushek" in the village of Russky Aktash"
- In modern pedagogical theory play is considered as the leading activity of a preschool child.
- The leading position of the game is determined not by the amount of time that the child devotes to it, but by the fact that it satisfies his basic needs.
- In the depths of the game, other types of activities arise and develop.
- Play contributes to mental development to the greatest extent.
- In pedagogy, repeated attempts have been made to study the types of games, taking into account their functions in the development of children, and to give a classification of games. This is necessary for an in-depth study of the nature of the game, the characteristics of each of its types, as well as in order to determine their developmental impact, using pedagogically competently in the educational process.
Classification of games S.L. Novoselova
- The classification is based on the idea of whose initiative games arise (child or adult).
- There are three classes of games.
- game-experimentation;
- independent story games:
- plot-display,
- role-playing,
- director's,
- theatrical.
- educational games:
- didactic,
- plot-didactic,
- movable;
- leisure games:
- fun games,
- entertainment games,
- intellectual,
- festive and carnival,
- theatrical productions.
games coming from the historically established traditions of the ethnic group (folk), which can arise on the initiative of both an adult and older children:
ritual games:
- cult
- family
- seasonal
training games :
- intellectual
- sensorimotor
leisure:
- games
- quiet
- amusing, entertaining
Classification of games
Krupskaya
Nadezhda Konstantinovna
- Games invented by the children themselves (creative independent ones).
- Games with rules (moving and didactic), specially created (invented by adults with ready-made content and rules).
Classification of games
Friedrich Froebel:
- “Useful” games - role-playing games;
- “Graceful” games - constructive, building;
- Games of “inner truth” are didactic with rules.
Classification of games in kindergarten
Creative
Games with rules
Folk
Dramatization Games
Director's
With elements of labor
With elements of artistic and creative activity
CREATIVE GAMES
Role-playing
Design
Theatrical
Games-activities
Didactic games
Running games
Climbing games
Jumping games
Throwing and catching games
GAMES WITH RULES
Didactic
Movable
Folk games - these are games that came to us from very ancient times and were built taking into account ethnic characteristics. They are an integral part of a child's life modern society, which makes it possible to assimilate universal human values. The developmental potential of these games is ensured not only by the presence of appropriate toys, but also by a special creative aura that an adult must create.
Principles
Availability of game content
Age targeting
Variability
Focus on the interests and desires of children, on selectivity to certain games
Variety of games
The child lives in the game.
And the task of teachers is to become a guiding and connecting link in the child-game chain, tactfully supporting the leadership to enrich gaming experience children.
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