Project of using the game of gorodki in the development of physical qualities of older children preschool age.

The goal of the project is to develop educational technology using the game towns in the development of physical qualities senior group kindergarten.

Project objectives:

1. Develop stages for the gradual introduction of game towns into developmentphysical qualities of children of senior preschool age.
2. Determine the content of work with children at each stage;
3. Design a system for working with preschoolers at each stage of educational technology.
4. Determine methods of intermediate and final diagnostics that allow assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the developed technology.

The pedagogical technology project is based on the following theoretical principles:

1. Theory of developmental learning (Vygotsky L.S., Elkonin D.B., Davydov)
2. Theory of play as a leading type of activity for preschool children (Leontiev A.N., Zaporozhets A.V., Elkonin D.B., Mikhailenko N.Ya.).
3. The theory of a systems approach to the study of child development and behavior. theory of unity of physical and mental development. (N.A. Bernstein, B.G. Ananyev, Piaget, I.M. Sechenov, A.R. Lurna, P.F. L.F. Lesgaft, A.A. Ukhtomsky)

Design principle:

1. The principle of accessibility of training. When working with children, the developmental characteristics of children are taken into account.
2. The principle of systematicity and consistency. This principle involves building a system of corrective actions in an order that will allow achieving the most optimal results.
3. The principle of the developmental nature of training. The use of the game towns will significantly develop physical qualities in children.

Pedagogical technology consists of three main stages, which are as follows:

1. Introduce Russian folk game towns, the history of its origin, develop the ability to distinguish, name and build figures.

2. Teach the correct stance, actions with a bat, methods of throwing for distance and target; show importance correct technique to achieve the final result.

3. Learn to play by the rules, coma n ladies, focus on achieving the final result, teach how to knock the town out of the city.

4. Develop speed-strength reaction, coordination, physical dexterity; build independence in motor activity, the ability to concentrate on the task at hand, a sense of self-confidence.

Objectives of the first stage of pedagogical technology:

1. Introduce the Russian folk game gorodki, the history of its origin, develop the ability to distinguish, name and build figures.
2. Introduce the elements of the game towns.

To solve the first task of the first stage of the technology, an introductory conversation with children was assumed. Topic of conversation: “Travel to amazing city" (Appendix 2) At this stage it was supposed to introduce children to the history of the origin of the game towns,with the name of the equipment for the game (bits, towns - ryukhi), what the equipment is made of, with the rules of safe play; the correct stance of the gorodoshnik, actions with the bat, methods of throwing at a distance, at the target. Then illustrative material with images of city figures was shown. It should be noted in the conversation thatplaying small towns develops the eye, speed-strength reaction, bodily agility, speed, and pressure.Note that the most excellent s One of our gorodki players was the brilliant writer Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, who played gorodki until he was very old, and it’s not even a secret that the first Russian Emperor Peter I was a big fan of gorodki.

To solve the second problem of the first stage of the second series, it is necessary to introduce children to the elements of the gorodki game technique. Main operating hours: evening. Here, to work with children, it was planned to use fragments from cartoons. They will create a positive emotional attitude. The game “Who can pass the bat faster”, “Stripes through the bats” was also used.

For work, it is proposed to use the following fragments from cartoons:

"Wait for it"

The second stage of pedagogical technology is associated with conducting a series of classes using the game towns. The implementation of the task was structured in such a way that the main activities of the children took place in classes for pre-planned circle work. Circle work took place in morning hours on physical education classes. (Appendix 3)

Children mastered actions with a bat (aim, swing, throw), practiced the skill of throwing a bat at a target, at a distance, and consolidated the ability to build city figures (fence, star, well, fork, machine gun nest, shooting range, letter).

Objectives of group work:

1. Promote the comprehensive harmonious and physical development of children and strengthen their health.
2. Encourage children to participate in regular physical exercise.
3. Develop children have physical qualities.

Accuracy

Dexterity

Force

1. To cultivate moral and volitional qualities:

Patience

Determination

Excerpt

Organization

Determination

5. exercise general physical training children and, on its basis, improve movement techniques:

Throw

Initial position

6. teach children the simplest work skills:

Remove items

Arrange items

Treats equipment with care.

The third stage of the technology includes the following tasks:

To implement the final stage of the technology, we assume

1. Selection of games that can be used in independent activity children of senior preschool age
2. Development of recommendations for parents.

The solution to the first problem of the third stage was carried out by selecting games that will contribute to the development of physical qualities.

"Pass the bat"

Outdoor game “Whose bat will ride further”

"Throw an Arrow"

“Guess the figure in the picture.”

Didactic games:

"Name the figure"

“Build one like this”

"Who has a town"

The final diagnostics for assessing the effectiveness of a technology in its content practically corresponds to the methodology for conducting a confirmatory experiment and includes methods such as:

1. "Knocking out one rum"
2. "Knocking out the entire figure from the city"
3. Movement of the arms and legs in the sagittal plane.
4. Coordination of movements of arms and legs in the horizontal plane
5. Throwing at a horizontal target
6. Throwing a bag (150-200g) with the right and left hand

Another important indicator of quality work was the analysis of children's products. creative activity dedicated to our classes (Appendix 4).

To correct typical technical errors and to more successfully and quickly master the technique, visual material was developed. For example, if the child did not hold the bat correctly, his attention was immediately drawn to the illustration of the correct grip.

Rice. 13. Bat grip

Incorrect starting position and swing in this case, the children’s attention was also drawn to the corresponding illustration (Fig. 14)

Rice. 14. Elements of the technique of playing towns.

How to play towns? Towns - history of the game, rules of the game, figures, how to make a set for playing towns.

Gorodki is an old Russian game. It was played by Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Chaliapin, Ivan Pavlov, Alexei Gorky, Vladimir Stasov and many other famous Russian people. People who are fond of this game are called “gorodoshniks”. Gorodoshnik competitions are still held.

Previously, towns were considered purely men's game– the bats for playing were very heavy. Now not only boys and men play gorodki, but also girls and women, because the bats are made of lightweight material that is accessible to everyone.

Summer is the time to play in the yard, at the dacha, on a lawn in the forest, at a children's holiday camp. Let's play little towns with the children like our outstanding compatriots did? Let's play!

How to play towns?

How to make a set for playing little towns with your own hands?

To make a set for playing little towns, you will need several cuttings for shovels, which are sold in hardware stores:

1. Two cuttings are two bits.
2. Two more cuttings need to be cut into pieces so that you get 10 identical wooden pieces - “ryukh”, needed for the game. From these pieces - ryuh - figures are built, which are called “towns”. That's all the minimum required set!

You can make a set from other materials. Approximate dimensions: a) for bits from hard rocks wood - 80 cm long, 4-5 cm in diameter, b) for towns (ryukh) - 12-15 cm long, 4-5 cm in diameter.

You will also need a playground and chalk to draw the city. The city is drawn on the ground with a stick or stone.

How to prepare the playground for playing little towns?

Draw lines on the site to indicate two cities located nearby, but at some distance from each other (see figure). Having retreated 3 meters from the cities (this distance is given for playing with children, you can increase it), draw a line from which the players will throw the bat. This half-con .

The size of the playground should be chosen depending on the age of the children. The smaller the children, the smaller size platforms and the shorter the distance to the city from the line of the half-cone and cone.

We play towns.

How to play towns?

1. The players are divided into two teams. Teams must be equal in strength and agility. You can play not as a team, but even as a couple, competing with each other, but it is more interesting and fun to play as a team with family and friends.
2. A leader is selected for each team.
3. Lots are cast and the team that will start is chosen. It is also determined by lot where each team will have a city. If the team received the right city, then they start first.
4. All ryukhi are placed in the city certain figures(diagrams of the figures are given below). First, the first figure is placed and knocked out, then the second, and so on in a clearly defined sequence. The names of the figures and the game of small towns are very beautiful and “talking” - cannon, star, well, artillery, sentries, shooting gallery, fork, arrow, crankshaft, racket, sickle, plane, letter and others.

On a note: Nowadays, tasks for preschool children to lay out stick figures according to a pattern are common. In towns, the same version of this task is used, but more interesting, since the child understands why he needs to lay out the figure. And this kind of laying out of figures is no longer boring educational task, but the real one interesting game!

1. Problem in the game of towns - Knock out all the troops from the enemy city. Until more than one hit is knocked out, they hit with a bat from the horse. If at least one ryukha is knocked out, that is, the city is set on fire, they shoot from the half-con (that is, from the closest line to the figures of the city).
2. Teams take turns batting (throwing). First, all the players of one team throw, then all the players of the other team.
3. The game ends when all the enemy's towns are knocked out.

The task is to knock out all the towns with fewer hits, that is, as quickly as possible.

Very important note:

1) For playing with small children (older preschoolers), five town figures are enough. Older children can already be given ten figures in the game. And for teenagers and adults you can use the entire set of town figures.

2) In a game with preschoolers, each player has one bat with which he knocks out pieces. In a game with older children, each player is given two bats and, accordingly, makes two hits.

To make it clearer how to knock out pieces in this game, I will give example. The team put up a figure - a star. The first player's first blow is made from the horse, alas, he missed. The right to move passes to the second player. He also makes a blow from the horse and knocks out one of the pieces from the figure - the star. Hooray! Now the next player no longer hits from the knight, but from the half-kon and knocks out the entire piece. Next, another figure is installed (see the sequence of town figures). Each new piece begins to be knocked off the horse again. They play like this until the last piece is knocked out. This is one period of playing town. You can play again after rest - this will be the second period of the game. How many periods there will be (i.e. how many times we will play) needs to be agreed upon in advance.

If older children play, then there is only one change - each player can try to knock out a piece in two attempts (two bits) and in our sequence of pieces there will no longer be five pieces, but ten.

Another example of playing small towns with preschoolers as a team. The first team places its first piece, knocks it out, places its second piece, knocks it out, and so on until it knocks out all five pieces. We count how many hits we managed to knock out the pieces. The fewer hits it took to knock out all the towns, the better! We write down the resulting points, that is, we write the number on the ground or asphalt.

Next, the turn passes to the other team, which also bets on the city and knocks out all its five pieces in the given sequence. We count how many hits it took the second team to knock out the pieces. We write down this number - that is, points. Let's compare two numbers. Whichever team has the fewest points wins.

Rules of the game in towns

• Ryukhi are placed at the front line of the city exactly in the middle, that is, at an equal distance from the sides.
• Each team player bats only once (in a game with preschoolers).
• If the first player of a team knocks out the ryukha, then all the other players of this team shoot further not from the horse, but from the half-kon.
• After the game ends, the teams change cities and the game continues.
• A ryukha is considered knocked out if it lies outside the city limits. Sometimes a suburb is drawn in towns near the city (a more complex version of the game). Then, if the ryuha has rolled into the suburbs, it must be continued to be knocked out in the next moves.
• If, when knocking out a piece, the bat flew into the city and did not roll out of it, then it remains in the city until it is knocked out by another player of the same team along with the bats.
• If a player steps beyond the line of the kon or half-kon when hitting, then the hit is not counted. Children should be immediately told about this rule and monitored with them so that no one steps beyond the lines when throwing.

I talked about family and myself simple version games that can be played with preschool children. There are more complex rules small town games and more complex nuances of this game and figure. If you like it, you can always complicate this game by mastering its adult sports variants.

“Folk sports are an important part of the culture of the multinational people of Russia. Our country can rightfully be proud of its original folk games and competitions, which have come down to us from ancient times, and are distinguished by their special originality. National species sports could contribute to the unity of Russian multinational society, so their development needs to be raised to the level of state policy."
Russian President Vladimir Putin

GORODKI - Russian folk sport game. Its history goes back several centuries. Mention of the towns can be found in fairy tales, ancient legends, and documents related to history. Ancient Rus'. This game has gone down in our history as part of the national culture.

Gorodoshny sport in Russia is headed by the All-Russian public organization"Federation of Urban Sports of Russia", which was created on January 15, 1993, was registered on August 6, 1999 with the Ministry of Justice Russian Federation. The main goals of the Russian Federation of Gorodosh Sports are to promote the development of Gorodosh sports, give it mass appeal, its wider use in the comprehensive and harmonious development of the individual, the formation healthy image life.

For MBDOU children's kindergarten No. 28 "Spikelet" introducing preschoolers to gorodochny sports is innovation activity as part of group work. Innovation lies in determining the content and structural organization of the sports and gaming complex - game towns for children of senior preschool age. Moscow City Sports Federation provided kindergarten sports and gaming complex. The sports and gaming complex includes technology for teaching the game of towns, reveals the content, structure, and algorithm of the subjects’ activities educational process. Based on the “Towns for Preschoolers” program developed by kindergarten No. 722 in Moscow with the participation of the Moscow City Sports Federation, our teachers have drawn up their own program of additional education. Additional education for preschoolers is an important component of the versatile and harmonious development of the child’s personality. This is a task not only for parents, but also for teachers and specialists.

Towns are democratic street game, known to many parents since childhood. It is an excellent form of leisure, which includes sports, strengthening the body, and communication between children and adults. You can play towns at any age, at any time of the year and almost anywhere.

Playing "Gorodki" for preschoolers contributes to the development of patriotism, fortitude, love for the Motherland and the history of one's state, through the practice of the original Russian game "Gorodki" among preschool children from 5 to 7 years old.

Gorodki is an old Russian game.

It was played by Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Chaliapin, Ivan Pavlov, Alexei Gorky, Vladimir Stasov and many other famous Russian people. People who are fond of this game are called “gorodoshniks”. Gorodoshnik competitions are still held.

Previously, towns were considered a purely men's game - the bats for the game were very heavy. Now not only boys and men play gorodki, but also girls and women, because the bats are made of light material that is accessible to everyone.

Summer is the time to play in the yard, at the dacha, on a lawn in the forest, at a children's holiday camp. Let's play little towns with the children like our outstanding compatriots did? Let's play!

How to play towns?

How to make a set for playing little towns with your own hands?

To make a set for playing little towns, you will need several cuttings for shovels, which are sold in hardware stores:

Two cuttings are two bits.

Two more cuttings need to be cut into pieces so that you get 10 identical wooden pieces - “ryukh”, needed for the game. From these pieces - ryuh - figures are built, which are called “towns”. That's all the minimum required set!

You can make a set from other materials. Approximate dimensions: a) for bits made of hard wood – length 80 cm, diameter 4-5 cm, b) for towns (ryuh) – length 12-15 cm, diameter 4-5 cm.

You will also need a playground and chalk to draw the city. The city is drawn on the ground with a stick or stone.

How to prepare the playground for playing little towns?

Draw lines on the site to indicate two cities located nearby, but at some distance from each other (see figure). Having retreated 3 meters from the cities (this distance is given for playing with children, you can increase it), draw a line from which the players will throw the bat. Thishalf-con .

Next, step back a few meters and draw a line -con (the distance from half-cone to the cone is approximately 3 meters).

The size of the playground should be chosen depending on the age of the children. The smaller the children, the smaller the size of the site and the shorter the distance to the city from the half-cone and cone.

We play towns.

How to play towns?

The players are divided into two teams. Teams must be equal in strength and agility. You can play not as a team, but even as a couple, competing with each other, but it is more interesting and fun to play as a team with family and friends.

A leader is selected for each team.

Lots are cast and the team that will start is chosen. It is also determined by lot where each team will have a city. If the team received the right city, then they start first.

All ryukhi are placed in the city with certain figures. First, the first figure is placed and knocked out, then the second, and so on in a clearly defined sequence. The names of the figures and the game of small towns are very beautiful and “talking” - cannon, star, well, artillery, sentries, shooting gallery, fork, arrow, crankshaft, racket, sickle, plane, letter and others.

On a note: Nowadays, tasks for preschool children to lay out stick figures according to a pattern are common. In towns, the same version of this task is used, but more interesting, since the child understands why he needs to lay out the figure. And such laying out of figures no longer becomes a boring educational task, but a real interesting game!

The task is to knock out all the towns with fewer hits, that is, as quickly as possible.

Very important note:

1) For playing with small children (older preschoolers), five town figures are enough. Older children can already be given ten figures in the game. And for teenagers and adults you can use the entire set of town figures.

2) In a game with preschoolers, each player has one bat with which he knocks out pieces. In a game with older children, each player is given two bats and, accordingly, makes two hits.

To make it clearer how to knock out pieces in this game, I will giveexample. The team put up a figure - a star. The first player's first blow is made from the horse, alas, he missed. The right to move passes to the second player. He also makes a blow from the horse and knocks out one of the pieces from the figure - the star. Hooray! Now the next player no longer hits from the knight, but from the half-kon and knocks out the entire piece. Next, another figure is installed (see the sequence of town figures). Each new piece begins to be knocked off the horse again. They play like this until the last piece is knocked out. This is one period of playing town. You can play again after rest - this will be the second period of the game. How many periods there will be (i.e. how many times we will play) needs to be agreed upon in advance.

If older children play, then there is only one change - each player can try to knock out a piece in two attempts (two bits) and in our sequence of pieces there will no longer be five pieces, but ten.

Another example of playing small towns with preschoolers as a team. The first team places its first piece, knocks it out, places its second piece, knocks it out, and so on until it knocks out all five pieces. We count how many hits we managed to knock out the pieces. The fewer hits it took to knock out all the towns, the better! We write down the resulting points, that is, we write the number on the ground or asphalt.

Then the turn passes to the other team, which also bets on the city and knocks out all its five pieces in the given sequence. We count how many hits it took the second team to knock out the pieces. We write down this number - that is, points. Let's compare two numbers. Whichever team has the fewest points wins.

Rules of the game in towns

Ryukhi are placed at the front line of the city exactly in the middle, that is, at an equal distance from the sides.

Each team player bats only once (in a game with preschoolers).

If the first player of a team knocks out the ryukha, then all the other players of this team shoot further not from the horse, but from the half-kon.

After the game ends, the teams change cities and the game continues.

A ryukha is considered knocked out if it lies outside the city limits. Sometimes a suburb is drawn in towns near the city (a more complex version of the game). Then, if the ryuha has rolled into the suburbs, it must be continued to be knocked out in the next moves.

If, when knocking out a piece, the bat flew into the city and did not roll out of it, then it remains in the city until it is knocked out by another player of the same team along with the bats.

If a player steps beyond the line of the kon or half-kon when hitting, then the hit is not counted. Children should be immediately told about this rule and monitored with them so that no one steps beyond the lines when throwing.

I talked about a family-friendly and simplest version of the game that you can play with preschool-age children. There are more complex rules for playing towns and more complex nuances of this game and figure. If you like it, you can always complicate this game by mastering its adult sports variants.