Ministry of Federal Security Service. Federal Security ServiceFSB of the Russian Federation

FSB generals who are in this moment lead this service, form the basis of this key structure, which is designed to ensure national security states. in its current state, it was formed in 1995, since then its leaders have received the closest attention.

Director of the FSB of Russia

Only FSB generals currently hold key leadership positions in this department. There are no lower-ranking military personnel in the positions of either first deputies or deputy service directors.

The FSB of Russia is currently headed by Alexander Vasilievich Bortnikov. He has held this post since May 2008, after his predecessor Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev resigned.

Bortnikov was born in 1951 in the city of Molotov, which was the name of Perm at that time. He is a graduate of the Institute of Railway Transport Engineers, from which he graduated in Leningrad. Graduated in 1975 High school KGB. Then he began to serve in the authorities state security. Oversaw counterintelligence operations units. He remained in this area of ​​service even after the liquidation of the KGB and the formation of the FSB of Russia.

In 2003, Alexander Vasilievich Bortnikov headed the regional department for Leningrad region and the city of St. Petersburg. Then he led the service economic security working as part of the department. In 2006, he received the rank of Colonel General of the FSB. According to some reports, he received the next rank of army general a few months later - in December of the same year.

In 2008, he headed the department, simultaneously holding the post of chairman of the national. Part of various government and interdepartmental commissions on a wide range of issues.

Vladimir Kulishov

In order to get the most complete picture of the leadership of the FSB department, let us dwell on the personalities of the first deputy directors of this department. There are currently two of them in total. All of them are generals of the Russian FSB.

Vladimir Kulishov has the rank of army general. He has served as first deputy director since March 2013. At the same time he heads Border Service Russian Federation, which is also part of the FSB structure.

Kulishov Vladimir Grigorievich was born in Rostov region in 1957. Studied at the Institute of Engineers civil aviation, which was based in Kyiv. After receiving a diploma higher education worked at a civil aviation factory.

He joined the structure of state security agencies in 1982. By that time, Vladimir Grigorievich Kulishov had already graduated from the KGB Higher School. After the breakup Soviet Union continued to serve in state security agencies. In 2000, he joined the central office of the Russian FSB.

Then for a year he headed the department for Saratov region. Since 2004, he began to supervise the department for combating terrorism, headed the FSB department for Chechen Republic. Since 2008, he served as deputy director of the federal department. In 2013, he received the post of first deputy and headed the Border Service.

He served in Chechnya, has the Order of Military Merit and the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree.

Sergey Smirnov

The FSB general is another first deputy director of the department. He comes from Chita, where he was born in 1950. In his infancy, the family moved to Leningrad, where he spent his childhood and youth. At school he was a classmate of Boris Gryzlov (ex-Minister of Internal Affairs and ex-chairman State Duma) and Nikolai Patrushev (ex-director of the FSB of Russia).

He received his higher education at the Bonch-Bruevich Electrical Engineering Institute, which was opened in Leningrad. IN student years I was also closely acquainted with Gryzlov; they studied together again. Started working at the Central Research Institute of Communications.

He joined the structure of the KGB of the USSR in 1974. Since 1975 he has been working in the Leningrad administration. He occupied first operational, and then leadership positions.

In 1998, he received a position in the central office of the FSB. Headed the department of internal security. In 2000, he became deputy director of the FSB, and since 2003, first deputy. He has the rank of Army General.

First head of the department

All along Russian history 7 people led federal administration FSB. The very first in 1993 was Colonel General Nikolai Mikhailovich Golushko. At that time, the structure was just being formalized and was officially called the Federal Counterintelligence Service of the Russian Federation.

Golushko stayed in this post for only two months, after which he was appointed by President Boris Yeltsin as an adviser to the director of the FSB. In the years Soviet power headed the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR.

Stepashin - Director of the FSB

In March 1994, Lieutenant General Sergei Vadimovich Stepashin became head of the Federal Counterintelligence Service. It was founded under him federal Service security in April 1995. Formally, he became the first director of the FSB of Russia. True, he spent only two and a half months in this position.

After that I didn't get lost in the highs government positions. Stepashin was the Minister of Justice, headed the post of first deputy and until 2013 headed Accounts Chamber. Currently heads the supervisory board state corporation, which is engaged in promoting the reform of the Russian housing and communal services.

FSB leadership in the 90s

In 1995, Army General Mikhail Ivanovich Barsukov came to the post of director of the FSB. He has been in the KGB system of the Soviet Union since 1964. He was the commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, and acted as a witness during the detention of the Deputy Prime Minister of one of the inspirers of the State Emergency Committee.

In the 90s, Barsukov was often criticized by his colleagues. In particular, blaming low professional qualities. For example, according to the former Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Anatoly Sergeevich Kulikov, Barsukov’s entire service was spent in the Kremlin, he was responsible for the security of the top officials of the state. Many believed that Barsukov ended up at the head of the security service only thanks to Yeltsin’s security chief, Alexander Korzhakov, who had a certain influence on the president.

In June 1996, he resigned after a scandal during election campaign Yeltsin. His name is closely connected with the detention of activists from the presidential election headquarters, Lisovsky and Evstafiev, who tried to carry out half a million dollars in a paper box.

Director Nikolay Kovalev

In 1996, the service was headed by FSB General Nikolai Dmitrievich Kovalev. Unlike his predecessors, he spent a little more than two years in this post. Nikolai Kovalev has served in state security agencies since 1974. He was appointed to the post of FSB director after a scandal related to alleged violations of the rules of currency transactions and the conduct of Boris Yeltsin's presidential campaign in 1996.

During his time leading the service, Nikolai Kovalev managed to establish productive work of the department. Its employees began to appear less frequently in the press due to various scandals.

After being released from office, he became the people's representative from the third to the seventh convocation inclusive. Is a member of the faction " United Russia", heads expert advice organization "Officers of Russia".

Future President

Kovalev was replaced in July 1998 by future president Russia Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. He was the only head of the department who by that time did not have military rank. Putin was only a reserve colonel.

The future head of state found himself in the KGB system back in 1975, immediately after graduating from Leningrad. state university. He ended up in the KGB by assignment.

Having become the head of the FSB, he appointed well-known Patrushev, Ivanov and Cherkesov as his deputies. Conducted a reorganization of the entire service. In particular, he abolished the economic counterintelligence department, and also eliminated the counterintelligence department for providing strategic facilities. Instead, he created six new departments. Achieved a significant increase in employee salaries and uninterrupted financing. It is interesting that Putin himself wished to be the first civilian director of the FSB, refusing the rank of major general, which Yeltsin proposed to give him.

Putin left the post of FSB director on August 9, becoming chairman of the government. Two days earlier, Chechen fighters under the command of Khattab and Basayev entered Dagestan. The creation was proclaimed Islamic State Dagestan.

Already prime minister, Putin led the operation against the militants. In mid-September they were finally driven out of Dagestan.

Nikolay Patrushev

After Vladimir Putin moved to senior positions in the federal government, the FSB was headed by Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev. He held this post for 9 years.

Just during the period of his work there was a confrontation with militants and terrorists. The Federal Security Service began to occupy a key position in matters of ensuring the country's security.

Patrushev currently holds the post of secretary Federal Council security.

FSB General Ugryumov

Over the years a large number of officers held the post of deputy director of the FSB. Perhaps the most notable of them was Admiral German Alekseevich Ugryumov. This is the only naval officer to hold such a high position.

Ugryumov is from Astrakhan and joined the Navy in 1967. In 1975 he found himself in the system Soviet KGB. Supervised special department Caspian military flotilla. In the 90s, he became one of the initiators of the case against journalist Grigory Pasko, who was brought to criminal liability for espionage.

As deputy director of the FSB, he oversaw the work of the Center special purpose. The famous special groups "Vympel" and "Alpha" belonged to this unit. Notable for carrying out counter-terrorism operations in the Chechen Republic. In particular, the release of Gudermes in 1999, the capture of one of the militant leaders Salman Raduev, and the release of hostages in the village of Lazorevsky are associated with his figure.

In May 2001, he was awarded the rank of admiral. The next day he died of a heart attack.

FSB general uniform

It is quite simple to distinguish the generals to whom our article is devoted by their form.

It was last changed in 2006. Now the uniform is a khaki color, distinguished by buttonholes and chevrons, as well as the cornflower blue color of the gaps on the shoulder straps.

• State System for Detection, Prevention and Elimination of the Consequences of Computer Attacks (GosSOPKA)
• Disk media and means of recording/reading information)

Powers to control the work of computer attack detection centers

2019: Informzashita received the right to perform the functions of the GosSOPKA center for government agencies, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs of Russia

2017

National Computer Incident Coordination Center (NCCI)

In December 2017, a draft order from FSB head Alexander Bortnikov on the creation of the National Coordination Center for Computer Incidents (NCCCI) was published on the federal portal of draft regulations.

According to the text of the document, NCCCI is integral part forces designed to detect, prevent and eliminate the consequences of computer attacks and respond to computer incidents. The main task of the center will be to ensure coordination of the activities of subjects of critical information infrastructure (CII) of the Russian Federation on issues of responding to computer incidents.

To accomplish this task, the center will send notifications and requests to CII subjects, as well as authorities and organizations, including foreign and international, on issues related to detecting and eliminating the consequences of cyber attacks. At the same time, the center may refuse to provide information in cases where this poses a threat to the security of the Russian Federation.

Powers to ensure the work of GosSOPKA

Responsible for detecting and preventing cyber attacks on Russian networks from now on there will be the Federal Security Service (FSB). The corresponding decree was signed by President Vladimir Putin and posted on the website official publication legal acts publication.pravo.gov.ru. Decree number 620 is called “On Improving state system detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks on information resources of the Russian Federation.” Effective date: January 1, 2018.

This legal act assigns to the FSB the authority to ensure the operation of the state system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks (GosSOPKA). This refers to computer attacks on Information Systems, information and telecommunication networks and automated systems departments that are located in Russia itself, as well as in diplomatic missions and consulates.

The decree lists the tasks that GosSOPKA must perform. These include forecasting the information security situation in the country, ensuring cooperation between telecom operators and owners of information resources in the field of cybersecurity, monitoring the security of Russian information resources and identifying the causes of information security incidents.

In addition to directly ensuring and monitoring the functioning of GosSOPKA, the FSB will be involved in the formation and implementation of state science and technology policy in the field of combating cyber attacks, as well as developing guidelines for their detection, prevention, identification of causes and elimination of consequences.

2013

The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation will receive expanded powers to control the work of centers for detecting computer attacks. The corresponding order of the President of the Russian Federation was published on official portal regulatory legal acts.

The document amends the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 15, 2013 “On the creation of a state system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks on the information resources of the Russian Federation,” proposing that the FSB be entrusted with the functions of not only creating, but also ensuring control over the state system.

According to the document, the department will organize and carry out work to create and ensure the functioning of a state system for detecting, preventing and eliminating computer attacks on the information resources of the Russian Federation. Among other things, the intelligence service will approve the requirements for information centers, carry out their accreditation for compliance with the requirements, as well as carry out safety assessment activities

The main candidate for the post of the new head of the “K” department of the FSB was an employee of the intelligence service’s Internal Security Directorate, Ivan Tkachev. He was involved in the development of the case of MVD generals Sugrobov and Kolesnikov

FSB building in Moscow (Photo: Oleg Yakovlev / RBC)

"Banking" department

The main contender for the post of head of the FSB’s “K” department was the head of the 6th service of the FSB’s Internal Security Directorate, Ivan Tkachev, an interlocutor close to the counterintelligence leadership told RBC, and a source in the FSB confirmed it.

Tkachev's appointment is expected in soon, says one of RBC’s interlocutors. But his candidacy has yet to be approved by FSB Director Alexander Bortnikov. If the appointment takes place, for Tkachev the transition from the post of head of the service to the post of head of the department will be “a jump through several steps at once,” says a source in the intelligence service.

The 6th Internal Security Service of the FSB was created in 2008, it includes only 35 people, says an RBC source. The powers of this unit were not officially announced.

Tkachev played key role in business ex-head of the Main Directorate of Economic Security and Anti-Corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, says RBC’s FSB interlocutor.

Sugrobov and his deputy Boris Kolesnikov were detained in 2014 on charges of provoking a bribe, exceeding official authority and organizing a criminal community. In June of the same year, Kolesnikov died after falling from a balcony in the Investigative Committee building after interrogation.

Resignations in two departments

According to Rosbalt, resignation reports were written by the heads of two more departments that are part of the structure of the FSB SEB - these are the heads of divisions “P” and “T”, which are engaged in counterintelligence support for industrial and transport enterprises, respectively.

“The heads of the entire economic bloc of the FSB are leaving the department. All of them have been in place for a long time, age. But, of course, this is not the reason for the resignation. IN Lately SEB's relations with the Internal Security Directorate of the FSB of the Russian Federation became strained; scandalous stories began to arise that developed into criminal cases or so-called operational reports. There was a rather difficult situation last summer, but then somehow the parties were “taken to the corners.” Now it didn’t work out,” said a Rosbalt source in the intelligence services.

According to him, Oleg Feoktistov, who is now the deputy head of the department, could become the head of the CSS.

As we know, any country is a vast organization that provides an adequate standard of living to its population. Thus, the well-being of a country directly affects the quality of life of its inhabitants. The latter, in turn, are obliged to ensure the protection of their state. This fact people realized back in ancient times what the creation of armies entailed. Its representatives have always had honor and popularity in society.

However, in addition to the usual military formations, each power had security agencies that fought against the intelligence activities of other countries on their territory. Such organizations in most cases carried out their activities in the shadows in order to hide from prying eyes methods and ways of working. Nevertheless, today the existence and functioning of many state security structures is not surprising, since they exist in almost every country.

As for Russia, our state also has a special agency called the Federal Security Service, or FSB. What this organization does, its structure and functions will be discussed later in the article.

Department structure

The Law “On the FSB” largely gives an understanding of the structure of the service presented in the article. This question is extremely interesting today. After all, the structure shows the priority of certain areas of the service’s activities. Thus, today the system includes the following departments, services and departments of the FSB:

• directly the department's apparatus;
• counterintelligence services and protection of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation;
• economic security service;
• border, personnel services and own security;
• investigation department;
• Department of Military Counterintelligence.

There are also other, more minor units that are part of the FSB. What each structural department does can be understood by analyzing regulatory framework and other official information about the service.

Special units

FSB employees perform completely different tasks when working in various structural units of the service. However, there are units that have specific goals. Such a formation is the FSB Special Purpose Center. It consists of two departments: “A” (“Alpha”) and “B” (“Vympel”). Units perform special tasks. For example, Alpha is an organization created to fight terrorism, free hostages and solve other problems. important tasks. Alpha fighters often perform missions in Chechnya, Dagestan, etc.

As for the Vympel unit, it is one of the most classified today. The number, command and personnel of the management are unknown. The activities of the organization are also shrouded in mystery. Its functioning can only be judged by rumors, according to which Vympel is used for activities abroad.

Features of staffing

Any government department selects its employees carefully. FSB officers in in this case come to serve in the body as military personnel or as civilian personnel. At the same time, the department welcomes people who already have education in certain fields of activity. In addition, there is a special academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In that educational institution prepare representatives of officer corps for certain divisions of the department.

Conclusion

So, we tried to analyze the features of such a structure as the FSB. What does this organ do, features of its system and staffing were also described in the article. We can only hope that in the future the department will only improve its work, since its activities are directly related to the security of Russia.