Er what. "United Russia"

Abstract on political science

on the topic

"The main political parties modern Russia»

Part-time students

Faculty of Economics

Groups ES-4F-09

Antonenko Mila Viktorovna

Teacher Kopanev V.N.

G. Murmansk

Introduction…………………………………………………………………….....

1. “United Russia”………………………………………………………

2. Communist Party Russian Federation………………...

3. Liberal democratic party Russia……………………….

4. “Patriots of Russia”………………………………………………………

5. Russian United Democratic Party “Yabloko”…….

6. " Just Russia»……………………………………………….

7. “Just Cause”……………………………………………………….

Introduction

There are many parties in Russia; democratic, communist-socialist, nationalist, etc. They all protect someone's interests.

Parties are right, left, center. Some defend the interests of a certain class or classes, others are defenders of nations and peoples, there are parties at the top, there are parties at the bottom.

Having examined the main parties in Russia, let's try to understand the ideology and goals of Russian parties.

For a better understanding of party ideologies, let’s take a few definitions; they will help to more clearly present political orientation parties:

1. Political party- special public organization(association), which directly sets itself the task of seizing state power, keeping it in its hands, and using the state apparatus to implement the programs announced before the elections.

2. Centrism in politics - political position political movement or group, intermediate between right and left movements or groups, rejection of left and right extremism.

3. Social conservatism- a policy of centrism aimed at preserving the values ​​of the 1990s.
Social conservatism is analytical in nature, the constants of which are primarily order and freedom. Freedom in the understanding of social conservatives does not imply exemption from responsibility for economic, political, moral and other crimes.

4. In politics left traditionally refers to many trends and ideologies, the goal of which is (in particular) social equality and improving living conditions for the least privileged layers of society. These include socialism and social democracy. Radical left (or ultra-left) movements include, for example, communism and anarchism. The opposite is the right.

5. Liberalism(fr. libéralisme) - a philosophical, political and economic theory, as well as an ideology, which is based on the position that individual human freedoms are the legal basis of society and the economic order.

6. Democracy(Greek δημοκρατία - “power of the people”, from δῆμος - “people” and κράτος - “power”) - view political structure state or political system society in which the only legitimate source of power in the state is its people.

7. Statism (statism)(from fr. État- state) - a worldview and ideology that absolutizes the role of the state in society and promotes the maximum subordination of the interests of individuals and groups to the interests of the state, which is supposed to be above society; a policy of active state intervention in all spheres of public and private life.

8. Nationalism(fr. nationalisme) - ideology and direction of policy, basic principle which is the thesis about the value of the nation as highest form social unity and its primacy in the state-forming process. It is distinguished by a variety of currents, some of them contradict each other. How political movement, nationalism strives to protect the interests of the national community in relations with state authorities.

9. Patriotism(Greek πατριώτης - compatriot, πατρίς - fatherland) - moral and political principle, a social feeling, the content of which is love for the fatherland and the willingness to subordinate one’s private interests to its interests. Patriotism presupposes pride in the achievements and culture of one’s homeland, the desire to preserve its character and cultural characteristics and identification of oneself with other members of the people, the willingness to subordinate one’s interests to the interests of the country, the desire to protect the interests of the Motherland and one’s people.

10 . Conservatism(fr. conservatism, from lat. conservo- preserve) - ideological commitment to traditional values ​​and orders, social or religious doctrines. In politics - a direction that defends the value of state and social order, rejection of “radical” reforms and extremism.

11 . Populism(from lat. populus- people) - a political position or style of rhetoric that appeals to the broad masses of the people.

According to the website Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation , as of August 15 2009 , in accordance with the Federal Law “On Political Parties”, 7 political parties were registered.

1. " United Russia »

Leader: Vladimir Putin

Headquarters: Moscow

Ideology: centrism, social conservatism

Number of members : 1 931 667

Seats in the lower house: 315 out of 450

Party seal: newspaper "United Russia" (closed in 2008)

Website: Edinros.er.ru/er/

"United Russia" - Russian center-right Political Party. Created on December 1, 2001 at the founding congress of the socio-political associations “Unity” (leader - Sergei Shoigu), “Fatherland” (Yuri Luzhkov) and “All Russia” (Mintimer Shaimiev) as the All-Russian political party “Unity and Fatherland - United Russia”.

The symbol of the party is an inverted walking bear. The party congress, held on November 26, 2005, decided on changes in the party symbols: instead of a bear Brown The bear became the symbol of the party white, outlined in blue. Above the image of a bear - fluttering Russian flag, under the image of the bear there is the inscription “United Russia”. The bear semantics is actively used by the party, including through various allusions. So one of the sections of the party’s official website is called “B er log."

Ideology: centrism, social conservatism.

Goals: 1. Ensuring compliance public policy, decisions made by bodies state power of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies local government, the interests of the majority of the population of the Russian Federation.

2. Formation public opinion in the Russian Federation in accordance with the main provisions of the Party Program, political education and education of citizens, expression of citizens' opinions on any issues public life, bringing these opinions to the attention of the general public, state authorities and local governments, and influencing the formation of them political will, expressed by them in voting in elections and referendums.

3. Nomination of candidates (lists of candidates) of the Party for the elections of the President of the Russian Federation, deputies of the State Duma Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, to legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, elected officials of local self-government and to representative bodies municipalities, participation in these elections, as well as in the work of elected bodies.

Story: The All-Russian Party "Unity and Fatherland" - United Russia" was created on the basis of the unification of the All-Russian Union "Unity" and "Fatherland" and the socio-political Movement "All Russia".

On October 27, 2001, the Third Congress of the Unity party and the second of the Unity and Fatherland Union were held in Moscow, at which the All Russia movement joined this Union.
During the Congress, changes were made to the Charter, which provided a legal basis for the further transformation of the Union into a party.

In parallel with the preparation of the Congress, specialists from Unity and Fatherland worked on two important documents that determined what the newly created Party would be like. This is the Program and Charter.

Before being submitted to the Founding Congress of the Unity and Fatherland party, which was held on December 1, 2001 at the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, both documents were widely discussed in the regions, including in the Novgorod region.

As a result, on December 1, the delegates to the Congress of the new party adopted the Program and Charter, and also voted for the transformation of the Union "Unity" and "Fatherland" into All-Russian Party. The governing bodies of the new party were also elected.
The party "Unity and Fatherland" has become fundamentally new political structure, which included three on equal terms political forces. Pursuing common goals and defending common interests, "Unity", "Fatherland" and "All Russia" formed single party, sharing responsibility for its future.
The main task of the party was "to gain and retain power democratically". The requirements for the level of training of leading personnel and specialists have changed, the bulk of whom have undergone selection and special training. Party building was actively carried out, the ranks of the party grew, new primary organizations were created. By the end of 2003, the regional branch consisted of about 2 thousand members of the Party.

The highest elected official of the party is the party chairman. The party chairman is elected at the party congress for a term of five years by open vote by two-thirds of the registered delegates to the congress.

A citizen of the Russian Federation who is not a member of the party may be elected chairman of the party.

The structure of the United Russia party consists of regional, local and primary branches. Regional branches of the party have been created in all 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. 82,631 primary and 2,595 local party branches have been created in Russia.

The party has its own emblem and flag. The party emblem is a composition in the upper part of which there is a stylized image of a fluttering cloth with stripes of equal width in white, blue and red, symbolizing the flag of the Russian Federation, bordered on the right side by a stylized image in a combination of white and of blue color a silhouette of a bear, turned with its right side towards the viewer, under which, across the entire width of the image of the panel, in blue letters of the same size, horizontally in two rows, is the inscription: UNITED RUSSIA. When displaying the emblem on dark background The inscription - UNITED RUSSIA - is written in white letters.

The party flag is a rectangular blue panel. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3. In the center of the flag is an image of the party emblem.

Following the 2003 elections, United Russia formed State Duma parliamentary majority, in 2007 - a constitutional majority, in 2011 received a majority of parliamentary seats in parliament.

The leader of the party, who headed the party's electoral list in the 2007 Duma elections, was the then President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin.

In the 2011 Duma elections, for the first time in political history In Russia, the formation of the United Russia electoral list was carried out on the basis of the results of preliminary (primary) elections held jointly with the All-Russian Popular Front.

According to the decisions of the XII Congress of United Russia, adopted on September 24, 2011, in the Duma elections the party's election list was headed by the then current Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, and in the presidential elections in 2012, Vladimir Putin became the presidential candidate from United Russia.

Vladimir Putin won the elections with 63.60% of the votes.

In elections to the State Duma VII convocation federal list candidates for deputies, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev. According to the election results, the United Russia party received 343 mandates.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Nominally new batch, which was then called “Unity and Fatherland - United Russia,” was headed as co-chairs of the Supreme Council by the leaders of the founding organizations Sergei Shoigu (“Unity”), Yuri Luzhkov (“Fatherland”) and Mintimer Shaimiev (“All Russia”). The de facto leader was Alexander Bespalov, who held the positions of chairman of the central executive committee and the general council of the party.

The name of this politician is not widely known now. Alexander Bespalov comes from the “northern capital” and is a chemist by training. Also in Soviet times left science. He worked as an instructor and head of the organizational department of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council. In the nineties he worked at the mayor's office of St. Petersburg.

Alexander Bespalov began vigorous party building. One of the points of his program was to increase the size of the party to a million people in a year. He also put forward other initiatives. Soon, Bespalov’s associates accused him of numerous failures and miscalculations.

As a result, already in 2003, Alexander Bespalov was sent to “honorable retirement.” Since that time he has held the position of head of the department for information policy Gazprom". And the party was headed by Boris Gryzlov.

Further history of the party

Boris Gryzlov is called a kind, decent and decent person. His name does not appear in corruption scandals, the image didn’t stick to him dead person the grip of one holding on to power. However, Boris Gryzlov was not a bright leader. His dry demeanor in public and dry stock phrases did not allow him to gain popularity among the people. Under Gryzlov, the United Russia party also became just as dry and lackluster.

Although the party during the leadership of Boris Gryzlov, largely thanks to administrative resources, won impressive victories in the elections to the State Duma in 2003 and 2007. In the mid and late 2000s, leaders of the constituent entities of the Federation, including those elected from other parties, moved en masse to United Russia. So by 2010, only six governors were not members of United Russia, and by mid-2012 - only three.

In May 2008, Boris Gryzlov was replaced as party chairman by Vladimir Putin, who at that time held the post of prime minister of the country. At the same time, Putin himself remained non-partisan. In May 2012, Dmitry Medvedev was elected chairman of the United Russia party.

Base

The All-Russian political party "United Russia" was created on the basis of political associations that competed with each other during election campaign 1999 - the socio-political organization "Fatherland" and the pro-Kremlin bloc "Unity". On December 1, 2001, at the founding congress of the socio-political associations "Unity" (leader -), "Fatherland" () and "All Russia" ( Mintimer Shaimiev) the All-Russian political party "Unity and Fatherland - United Russia" was created.

Key people

Chairman since May 2012 - Dmitry Medvedev, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Party - .

Initially, the governing bodies of the party were the General Council (15 people), the Central executive committee, Supreme Council and Central Political Council (liquidated in November 2004).

The Supreme Council determines the party's development strategy. The Supreme Council, in particular, includes: the governor of the Moscow region, vice-president of OJSC RosNeft Victor Ishaev, Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Mayor of Moscow, Governor Kemerovo region, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, Governor of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The General Council (152 members) is the highest political governing body of the party between congresses. The competence of the General Council includes the adoption of statements on the most important issues socio-political life of the country, appointment and dismissal of the head of the central executive committee at the proposal of the party chairman, as well as interaction with authorities and local government.

Presidium of the General Council (23 members) - permanent governing body parties. The Presidium is in charge political activity parties - from the development of draft election programs to organizational, party and ideological documents. Its competence includes making decisions on convening an extraordinary congress, creating and liquidating regional branches.

The Presidium has the right to approve the budget of the party, as well as on the proposal of the bureau Supreme Council submit to the congress a proposal to nominate a candidate for the post of President of Russia and nominate lists of candidates for State Duma deputies.

The Secretary of the Presidium of the General Council manages the activities of the Presidium and is authorized to make political statements on behalf of the party, put the first signature on the financial documents of the party, and sign documents falling within the competence of the Presidium of the General Council and the General Council.

The Presidium of United Russia, in particular, includes: Yulia Arsenina, secretary of the primary branch No. 371 of the Vladimir regional branch of the party, head of the Department of Healthcare Modernization of the Department of Health of the Administration of the Vladimir Region; Andrey Breus, secretary of the primary branch No. 1664 of the local branch of the Petrograd district of the St. Petersburg regional branch of the United Russia Party, leading specialist of MOMO Chkalovskoye; , Chairman of the State Duma Committee of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Labor, social policy and Veterans Affairs; Mikhail Isaev, head of the Southern Interregional Coordination Council of the All-Russian political party United Russia, member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation; Galina Karelova, Chairman of the Commission of the Presidium of the General Council of the United Russia Party for working with citizens’ appeals to the Chairman of the Party, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Labor, Social Policy and Veterans Affairs; Vladimir Pligin, Chairman of the State Duma Committee of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Constitutional Legislation and State Building; , Chairman of the State Duma Committee of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on economic policy, innovative development and entrepreneurship; , Chairman of the State Duma Committee of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Security and Anti-Corruption.

Secretary of the General Council of the Party, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Deputy Head of the ER faction in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation -.

On November 26, 2005, the next party congress took place in Krasnoyarsk, which approved the new edition of the charter. According to one of the amendments, in case of failure to comply with the decisions of central and regional party bodies, the activities of the regional party may be terminated. political unification, which does not comply with these decisions.

No changes were made to the party program at the congress. Boris Gryzlov said that a comprehensive program for the modernization of Russia will be presented only in 2007.

Judging by Gryzlov’s report, the party leadership sees the priority task as “strengthening the party’s position in society at all levels of government.” The report also mentioned the need to improve the moral health of society (through increased control over the media) and solve demographic problems.

In April 2006, Gryzlov reported that 66 out of 88 leaders of Russian regions were already members of the party. Later, the governor of the Irkutsk region, Alexander Tishanin, joined United Russia.

In December 2006, the organization’s leadership at the next VII Congress announced a program for the country’s development based on “sovereign democracy.” This term was introduced into Russian political usage by the deputy head of the presidential administration, Vladislav Surkov, who contrasted “sovereign” democracy with “ managed democracy" - political regime, controlled from the outside. The congress also approved the Party's Program Statement, which identified the "main goals" of the country's renewal strategy based on the principles of "sovereign democracy": "saving Russian people; eradicating corruption and increasing the efficiency of the state; creation of an innovative type economy in Russia."

In 2007, it was announced that United Russia's youth movements - "Nashi", "Young Guard" and other pro-Kremlin youth organizations - would be united into a single structure, but this never happened.

In the 2007 parliamentary elections, instead of the top three, the United Russia election list was headed by current president Vladimir Putin, and election program called "Putin's Plan".

Its main points were: - the development of Russia as a unique civilization, - the transition to an innovative economy, - ensuring a new quality of life, - increasing the efficiency of the state, - strengthening the defense capability and ensuring the security of the country.

Meanwhile, according to survey data published in the press All-Russian Center Public opinion research (VTsIOM), on the eve of the elections, half of Russians were familiar with “Putin’s plan,” but the majority of respondents (40%) admitted that they could not clarify the meaning of these words. However, following the election results, the party increased its advantage, gaining 64.3% of Russian votes and receiving 315 deputy mandates, which subsequently, in fact, allowed United Russia to make decisions without taking into account the opinions of deputies of other factions. Gryzlov retained the post of chairman of the lower house of parliament and the faction. The number of Duma committees was increased to 32, United Russia members headed 26 of them.

Initially, United Russia received 6 out of nine posts of vice-speakers (in 2010, the party lost one seat along with the reduction total number deputy chairmen of the chamber).

In May 2008, after winning the presidential elections Dmitry Medvedev, nominated by United Russia, A Just Russia, the Agrarian Party and the Civil Power Party, Putin was elected chairman of the party. However, he remained non-partisan.

In October 2008, the Agrarian Party joined the United Russia.

In November 2008, a new official name organization, from which the combination “All-Russian Political Party” was removed.

At this time, United Russia has a number of non-political projects: “Russian Agroprom”, “Industrial Urals - Polar Urals” and “Sochi-2014”, which subsequently received the status of federal target programs (FTP).

In 2008, a list of state target programs (GTP) was approved, through which, starting with the 2012 budget, the Ministry of Finance planned to distribute up to 90% of expenses. It was noted that state programs will absorb the federal target program, as well as departmental target programs (DTP) and the federal targeted investment program (FAIP).

In 2006, the actual number of United Russia members exceeded one million. The growth in the number of United Russia members slowed down significantly in 2008: after the rules for admission to the party were tightened, only about 10 thousand people became new members. However, by 2011 the number of United Russia party members was over two million people.

Until 2008, candidates for gubernatorial and other positions from United Russia did not take part in pre-election debates, and only then the party decided to reconsider its position.

In 2009, opposition protests were caused by the results of the October 2009 elections of deputies to the Moscow City Duma, according to which only representatives of the United Russia and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation entered the capital's parliament. It was reported that the “fair voters” had prepared an appeal to the Moscow City Election Commission with a demand to publish on the Internet a list of all those who voted for Moscow City Duma deputies - in order to check what percentage of Muscovites actually came to the polls. However, the speeches of representatives of the parties that lost the elections had no results. Claims in Russian courts complaints regarding the results of parliamentary and local elections also, as a rule, did not lead to anything.

By 2011, United Russia was represented in all legislative assemblies of Russian regions without exception, in half of them it had more than two-thirds of the total number of mandates, in the rest - more than half. United Russia leaders considered it insufficient for the party to receive less than 50% of the votes in the elections. So, for example, the results of the March 2011 elections to the legislative assembly of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, where United Russia received 44.07% of the votes on party lists, were declared unsatisfactory by its leadership - despite the fact that, taking into account single-mandate districts, the party received more than two-thirds of the seats in the local parliament.

In April 2011, the “Forward Russia!” movement was registered with the Ministry of Justice, of which Gryzlov became its chairman. Only United Russia members entered it. The movement, whose name was taken from the title of an article published by President Medvedev in September 2009, called its task to unite the forces participating in the modernization of the country proclaimed by the head of state. The press emphasized that several months earlier the Ministry of Justice had refused to register a movement with the same name, founded by one of the leaders of the A Just Russia party.

For the 2011 Duma elections, United Russia's election headquarters was headed by the acting secretary of the presidium of the party's general council, Sergei Neverov.

At the beginning of May 2011, shortly before the start of the campaign, Putin announced that in order to attract “new faces, fresh ideas and proposals” for United Russia to participate in the elections, it was necessary to create an “All-Russian popular front", which could include both party members and non-party members. To organize the front, the chairman of United Russia ordered the creation of a coordination council. As Gryzlov said, in electoral lists within the framework of this front, 150 people who were not members of the party could enter.

On September 24, 2011, at the United Russia congress, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev invited party members to support Putin’s candidacy in the 2012 presidential election, and the Prime Minister gave his consent. At the same time, Medvedev became the leader of the United Russia list in the 2011 Duma elections.

According to the official results of the elections to the State Duma of the sixth convocation, held on December 4, 2011, United Russia received 49.32% of the votes and received 238 deputy seats. At the same time, representatives of the opposition announced large-scale fraud that accompanied the elections in favor of ruling party.

In January 2012, the head of Putin's campaign headquarters said that in the upcoming presidential elections, the current prime minister will rely on the ONF, and not on the United Russia, since it "made a lot of mistakes." At the same time, in some regions, many United Russia candidates for municipal deputies registered as self-nominated candidates, without mentioning the ruling party; in particular, the decision to refuse to nominate candidates from United Russia was made at the municipal elections in Moscow.

In April 2012, current President Medvedev accepted Putin’s offer to become a member of United Russia and lead the party.

On May 7, 2012, Putin took office as president; the next day, at his suggestion, Medvedev was confirmed as prime minister.

On May 26, 2012, Medvedev, who had officially joined United Russia four days earlier, was unanimously elected chairman at the XIII Party Congress to replace Putin, who resigned. At the congress, a number of amendments to the party charter proposed by Medvedev were adopted, according to which, in particular, the secretary of the General Council of United Russia (before the amendments - the secretary of the presidium of the General Council) was to be elected on an alternative basis by secret ballot; Sergei Neverov was elected to this position by the congress.

In addition, at least 20% of the members of the General Council must now be representatives of local and primary party organizations, and the personal composition of the General Council was to be renewed annually by 10%. Medvedev said that the adoption of the amendments should have led to “radical changes,” and he also noted the need to “rebuild the party anew.”

In July 2012, sociologists reported a significant increase in the number of citizens who were critical of United Russia: according to some surveys, their number was up to 42%, which was associated with the party’s failure to fulfill its election promises.

In the elections held on October 14, 2012 local authorities United Russia authorities once again won a convincing victory. All five United Russia governors who participated in the elections retained their posts, and elections for heads of cities and districts were also almost universally won by candidates supported by United Russia. In addition, representatives of the party in power received a majority of seats in all regional and city legislative assemblies, and in a number of regions they were able to significantly improve their previous results: for example, in the elections to the regional Duma Saratov region According to official data, 78% of voters voted for United Russia, compared to 60% four years earlier. According to media estimates, in the October elections the party, despite forecasts, was able to return to the positions it occupied before the December 2012 elections.

In March 2013, about 50 United Russia members from the Abansky district Krasnoyarsk Territory announced their resignation from the party. They contacted open letter(it says that 60 people signed it) to party chairman Dmitry Medvedev, in which they criticized the activities of United Russia, which, according to them, has ceased to fulfill its political function. On September 8, 2013, on the Unified Voting Day, elections were held in 80 of the 83 regions of the country. More than 41 thousand mandates were distributed, for which 104 thousand candidates applied. This is twice as much as on the previous single voting day in October 2012.

54 political parties took part in the elections, 12 public associations and enough a large number of self-nominated candidates.

Experts noted that United Russia won almost everywhere, and with a fairly good result. Eight of the 10 elected governors are United Russia members. In the Moscow region, Andrey Vorobyov scored more than 79%. A little more from Roman Kopin in Chukotka. But even the lowest result for the head of Khakassia is impressive - 65.4% of the votes.

Of the 12 mayoral elections in regional capitals, United Russia lost only two campaigns - in Yekaterinburg and Petrozavodsk.

United Russia achieved success wherever elections to regional parliaments took place. The percentage of United Russia ranges from 40% in Arkhangelsk region up to 86% - in Kemerovo.

According to statistics, of all the mandates for which there was a fight in the elections in legislative assemblies, "United Russia" received 77%, in elections in administrative centers - 68%.

On April 14, 2014, the governing body of the Volgograd branch of the United Russia party asked the party leadership to suspend its powers after the resignation of one of its leaders from the post of regional governor Sergei Bozhenov.

The corresponding appeal was submitted to the presidium of the General Council of United Russia. Also regional party asked to set a date for an extraordinary regional conference.

Secretary of the party’s General Council Sergei Neverov noted that such a decision is a kind of reset, “which will give the party the opportunity to analyze what steps are being taken in one direction or another,” and will also provide an opportunity to invite new people.

Scandals (rumors)

In 2006, the project " Pure water", launched by the party at the suggestion of Gryzlov.

This project was aimed at improving the quality drinking water and water supply systems in Russia. In 2009, it received widespread press coverage due to a scandal involving the participation of the president of the Golden Formula holding company. Victor Petrik, who was repeatedly called a pseudoscientist and a charlatan in the press and academic environment.

However, in 2010 it was announced that Petrik water filters would not be purchased as part of the Clean Water program. At the same time, it became known that Clean Water, which had been lobbied by United Russia, was not included in the list of state programs. However, as Kommersant puts it, it “dissolved” in the state program “Providing quality housing and housing and communal services to the population of Russia.”

In the mid-to-late 2000s, representatives of other parties moved en masse to United Russia, including a number of leaders of the constituent entities of the Federation: for example, the governor Krasnodar region , former member Communist Party of the Russian Federation, became a member of United Russia in 2005, and the governor of the Stavropol Territory Alexander Chernogorov, Also former communist, joined United Russia a year later (he was expelled from the ranks of the party after in March 2007, based on the results of regional parliamentary elections EP showed relatively low results in the region).

By the end of 2010, only 6 heads of Russian regions were not members of the United Russia: Oleg Chirkunov (Perm region), Dmitry Mezentsev (Irkutsk region), (Kirov region), Ravil Geniatulin (Transbaikal region), Nikolay Vinogradov(Vladimir region) and Boris Ebzeev(Karachay-Cherkessia). In mid-2012, the press spoke of only three governors “not from the party in power” - Belykh and Vinogradov, as well as the head of Smolensk region Alexei Ostrovsky (LDPR).