When the organized crime group was disbanded. The further fate of the unit

The holiday “Day of Creation of Units to Combat Organized Crime” in Russia is celebrated on November 15. The choice fell on this date, because... In the Soviet Union, it was on this day in 1988 that the sixth department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was created. After that, it was repeatedly subjected to reforms and transformations. Since 2004, it has been called the Department for Combating Organized Crime and Terrorism.

Meaning of service units

Now the importance of this service cannot be overestimated. It is constantly working to improve professional activity employees.

The main activities of these units include the fight against terrorism, organized crime, corruption, illicit trafficking in weapons and drugs. Their employees are also involved in investigating serious and especially serious crimes, improving preventive activities, developing and taking measures to combat organized crime and corruption.

Organized crime and terrorism

Organized crime is a very complex phenomenon. Organized criminal groups are quite diverse. Their representatives are different from ordinary criminals, they are smarter and much better organized. The leaders of these gangs are officially clean before the law. Very often they have connections in government circles. The scale of organized crime activities is enormous and causes very significant damage to the country's economy. These people are not only involved in financial fraud and smuggling, they also kill and kidnap people and promote terrorism.

For this reason, fighting organized crime is much more difficult than fighting ordinary criminals. In the course of this struggle, law enforcement agencies have to solve many difficult problems. One of the main such tasks can be called identifying the leaders of criminal groups and their disunity, which leads to their serious weakening.

It should also be noted that this fight will never be effective if measures are not taken aimed at improving the health of our society as a whole.

Terrorism and organized crime are today very serious threats to our society, and this problem concerns not only Russia, but also other countries of the world. A terrorist act today can happen anywhere, it is impossible to predict, so no one can feel completely safe.

Our country has experienced a large number of terrorist attacks, which have claimed many innocent lives and caused enormous harm to the psychological state of millions of Russians. After all, the main goal of terrorists can be called intimidation of people. Their the main task- to sow fear and horror. The countries most affected by terrorists are now America and Russia. Moreover, in our country Act of terrorism happen much more often. People cannot feel safe, especially for residents of Moscow and other major cities. The fight against terrorism is a serious problem that requires deep and comprehensive study.

As for organized crime, it originated in the 60s of the last century, and its greatest growth began in our country in the mid-80s. Then we began the period of formation of a market economy. This led to a worsening of the criminal situation in the USSR. Numerous criminal groups began to appear, which ordinary police could no longer cope with. They usually had corrupt connections in government. For this reason, the Ministry of Internal Affairs was forced to create a special structure, the main task of which was the fight against organized crime. Criminal gangs divided the entire country into spheres of influence and in the 90s kept all of Russia in fear. Now times are calmer, but this does not mean that organized crime is over.

History of organized crime

Drug trafficking is also one of the most important global problems of our time. Moreover, this problem affects almost all states. The drug industry is steadily improving. The most vulnerable part of society to drugs is young people, and this age limit is decreasing every year. Unfortunately, today even children can be drug addicts. All this leads to the degradation of our society and requires urgent intervention. For more than ten years now, Russia has been under intense pressure from the international drug trade. Flows are increasing rapidly narcotic substances smuggled into our country.

Hard drugs have become very widespread in Russia. The number of crimes committed under the influence of drugs is constantly growing. All this poses a direct threat national security of our state.

The domestic drug business is the sphere of activity of highly organized criminal groups. The problem of drug use is becoming more and more threatening every year. The bulk of drugs consumed in Russia are smuggled.

It must be said that the units for combating organized crime have managed to accumulate invaluable operational experience during their existence and have turned into an effective centralized system, which currently employs more than 17.5 thousand highly qualified specialists.

It was possible to create teams of like-minded people in almost all regions of the country. These people confront the brutal and well-organized criminal world every day.

A large number of successful operations are being carried out aimed at suppressing the activities of bandit groups. The personnel accounted for a huge number of lives saved and material assets returned to the state. The service of these units to the country is invaluable.

The Service for Combating Organized Crime was formed on November 15, 1988 and operated successfully for almost 20 years until September 6, 2008.

In the history of the domestic police, there were attempts to create units that combat professional crime: during the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years, these were departments to combat banditry within the structure of the Main Police Directorate of the NKVD - the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and police departments in the republics, territories, regions and national districts. In the mid-seventies of the last century there were departments for particularly important cases in the criminal investigation and anti-theft departments socialist property. However, for well-known reasons, in that socio-economic formation the state did not recognize the phenomenon of organized crime, believing that it had been eliminated.

At the end of the 80s of the last century, problems in the political, social and economic life of society required changes. The widespread shortage of consumer goods and services has given rise to a shadow economy. The state was forced to allow the private sector of the economy - cooperatives. At the same time, state control was weakened, which contributed to the commission of a huge number of economic offenses, including the flow of state property into private hands. The criminal situation began to deteriorate sharply. Banditry, which had previously been eradicated, was revived, manifestations of racketeering, kidnappings for ransom, contract killings and other serious crimes committed by organized criminal groups increased, which caused serious tension in society. The state and society actually faced organized crime; it was officially recognized and the fight against it was defined as the most important state task.

The fight against organized crime involves the development and implementation of special measures, which should be based on a general analysis of the criminal situation and its forecast, since it is carried out directly against the organized criminal groups themselves, and not individual crimes.

Based on the proposals of practitioners and the conclusions of criminologists, on November 15, 1988, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, units for combating organized crime were created in the department’s system - called the sixth units. Independent Directorate in the central office and the same directorates or departments in the Ministry of Internal Affairs-Directorate of Internal Affairs of the republics, territories and regions. Lagoda E.I. was appointed the first head of the service for combating organized crime. After some time, he was replaced by A.I. Gurov, who, being a researcher at the All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, did a lot for the formation public opinion about the need to combat organized crime. For example, his articles “The Lion is Preparing to Jump” and “The Lion Jumped,” published in Literaturnaya Gazeta in 1988, caused a wide public outcry. His doctoral dissertation is also entirely devoted to the study of the problems of professional and organized crime in the USSR.

At the same time, the decision made was not legally enforced; no material or financial resources were allocated; everything was done at the expense of the internal reserves of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Some leaders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs considered the creation of units to combat organized crime to be unjustified.

Basically, the sixth units were small in number and poorly equipped technically. They were engaged in the fight against racketeering and other obvious crimes committed by criminal groups that constituted only the visible part of the iceberg of organized crime. These units dealt little with the hidden part of this criminal phenomenon.

The further expansion of the scale of organized crime, the strengthening of its weaponry, the acquisition of an interregional and transnational character required the government to develop a strategy and system to combat this social phenomenon. An important event At that time, the USSR became a member of Interpol. On April 7, 1990, Resolution No. 338 of the USSR Council of Ministers “On the USSR’s accession to the International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol” was adopted. September 27, 1990 at the 59th session General Assembly Interpol (Ottawa, Canada) The USSR was accepted as a member of Interpol. On January 1, 1991, the National Central Bureau of Interpol began to operate within the structure of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers of May 22, 1990 provided for the creation of interregional units of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs to combat organized crime. The Decree of the President of the USSR of February 4, 1991 “On measures to strengthen the fight against the most dangerous crimes and their organized forms” recognized the need to transform the 6th Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs into the Main Directorate for Combating the Most Dangerous Crimes dangerous species crimes and its organized forms. However, both of these state act were mainly of a declarative nature. Once again there was no material and resource support for state level, basically everything was done at the expense of the Ministry of Internal Affairs system and budgets local authorities authorities. Units for the fight against organized crime were engaged in solving serious crimes, eliminating small, non-corrupt groups; criminal business and shadow structures were almost not covered by operational penetration. There was no struggle either international level. The subsequent collapse of the USSR essentially weakened the established system of bodies fighting organized crime of the former Union, and the openness of borders allowed representatives of organized crime to move freely, move material assets, drugs, weapons and catalyze socially negative processes in Russia, its neighboring countries and far abroad. In some CIS countries, the system of units for combating organized crime has been eliminated. In Russia, the sixth units were somewhat strengthened and transformed into operational search bureaus. In the central office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Operational Investigation Bureau was headed by Yu.P. Nazarov. But the measures taken by the state were inadequate to address the growing influence of organized crime on society, the economy and politics. Its growth continued, exponentially in some regions, as well as escalation throughout Russia. Decay Soviet Union only strengthened these trends. At the initiative of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the problem began to be worked out in the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Secretary of the Security Council Yu.V. Skokov, as well as M.K. Egorov and A.K. Kartashov made a historical contribution to the preparation of the final decision.

The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 8, 1992 “On measures to protect the rights of citizens, preserve law and order and strengthen the fight against organized crime” made it possible to build a reliable barrier to the spread of organized crime and curb the leaders and active participants of criminal groups. For the first time, significant government funds were allocated to combat organized crime. The staffing level of the internal affairs bodies was increased by almost 20 thousand units.

The following were created in the center and locally: the Main Directorate for Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (GUOP), transformed in 1998 into the Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime. The Glavk was entrusted with the following functions: suppressing the activities of criminal communities, gangs and organized groups, suppressing their financing, identifying and bringing to justice officials and government agencies acting in the interests of criminal communities, solving crimes related to the facts of kidnapping, taking and holding hostages, qualified extortion, illegal acquisition, sale, storage, transportation firearms, ammunition. The Glavka's competence also included crimes in the economic sphere committed by organized groups and criminal leaders.

Within the structure of the Main Directorate, regional departments for organized crime (RUOP, RUBOP) were created in 13 economic regions and departments, departments for organized crime (UBOP, OBOP) under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Department of Internal Affairs of all regions. They were reinforced by special rapid reaction units (SOBR), which were equipped with modern types of movement, protection and weapons. They were entrusted with the task of preventing and suppressing the activities of armed criminal groups.

First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia M.K. Egorov was appointed head of the newly created Main Directorate for Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

The following were appointed as heads of regional departments and at the same time as deputy heads of the Main Directorate for Organized Crime: Rushailo V.B. – RUOP for the city of Moscow; Kartashov A.K. – RUOP for Central economic region; Kolesnikov A.P. – Central Chernozemnoye RUOP; Sidorenko S. F. - North-West RUOP; Kladnitsky I.I. – Volgo-Vyatskoe RUOP; Eremkin V.I. – Povolzhskoye RUOP; Yeshugaov R. Sh. – North Caucasus Regional Unitary Enterprise; Kucherov V.I. – Southern RUOP; Borisov V.D. – Ural RUOP; Proshchalykin Yu.M. – West Siberian RUOP; Egorov A.N. – East Siberian Republican Unitary Enterprise; Izmerov V.K. – North-Eastern RUOP; Menovshchikov N.A. – Far Eastern RUOP. The main responsibility for forming and organizing the work of the units entrusted to them fell on the shoulders of these leaders.

In addition to strengthening territorial units for the fight against organized crime, the staffing of internal affairs agencies at the railway, air and water transport; institutions of the executive labor system; scientific institutions. An institute was created to train specialists in the fight against organized crime.

In 1993, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs Erin V.F., to train the police elite - units fighting organized crime and corruption, the Moscow Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was created, with a branch in Tver, headed by V. Popov. This specialized university contributed a significant contribution to the development of the theory and practice of combating modern types of organized crime, gave a start in life to employees of the Service, many of whom continue to faithfully serve the Fatherland to this day.

The investigative apparatus of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs was strengthened. Its strengthened part, while maintaining procedural independence, was focused on the investigation of criminal cases against organized crime and was assigned directly to the Regional Directorates for Organized Crime, while subordinating, as required by the Criminal Procedure Code, to its leaders.

Certain measures have been taken to strengthen international struggle with organized and transnational crime. Russia, as the legal successor of the USSR, became a full member of Interpol on the basis of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 30, 1996 N 1113 “On the participation of the Russian Federation in the activities of the International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol.” On the basis of its Charter, international treaties of the Russian Federation and Russian legislation, the National Central Bureau of Interpol in Russia (NCB RF) was created within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

GUOP established contacts with similar units in 13 countries in Europe and America. Direct telephone and fax communication channels made it possible to quickly exchange information with leading special services such as the FBI (USA), BKA (Germany), Antimafia (Italy). By the decision of the Council of Heads of Government of the CIS on September 24, 1993, the Bureau for Coordination of the Fight against Organized Crime and Other Dangerous Types of Crime (BKBOP) was created on the territory of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Rukhlyadev S.I., previously the first head of the Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, was appointed Director of the Bureau.

Other material and resource measures were also outlined aimed at supporting the fight against this extremely dangerous negative phenomenon. In addition, on June 14, 1994, the Decree of the President of Russia “On the fight against banditry and other dangerous forms of organized crime” was issued, which made it possible to strengthen operational search and criminal procedural work to collect evidence against the leaders of criminal groups.

As a result of these and many other measures taken, the Service for Combating Organized Crime was created and successfully operated. Thousands of gangster formations, organized criminal communities and groups have been eliminated, the commission of large quantity grave and especially grave crimes, tasks were implemented to prevent the penetration of crime into power, a number of territorial entities and subjects of the Russian Federation were cleared of crime.

A special page in the activities of units fighting organized crime is their participation in the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus region. Almost every employee, and many more than once, performed service and combat missions in this region, being examples of courage and self-sacrifice. For courage and heroism in the performance of their official duties, 35 employees of the service for combating organized crime were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, 27 of them posthumously. Many were awarded orders and medals.

Since 2000, the Service has repeatedly, sometimes unreasonably, been subject to reorganizations related to changes in the tasks being performed. Thus, on May 30, 2000, the Directorates and departments for combating organized crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - Regional Internal Affairs Directorates were transferred to the direct subordination of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In December 2000, in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 925, there was an attempt to create the Committee of the Federal Criminal Police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the corresponding committees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The KFKM was conceived as the leading power structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. It included the Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime (GUBOP), Directorate "R", Directorate of Internal Security, Operational Search Directorate and Directorate of Operational and Technical Measures. It is planned to create similar structures in each of the 8 federal districts, as well as in each of the federal subjects. The CFCM was called upon to coordinate the activities of its constituent units in order to improve their interaction and eliminate duplication. Its first leader was V.V. Guryev. However, the reorganization with excessive consolidation of the proposed committees due to the transfer of almost all operational units from the Ministry of Internal Affairs - Internal Affairs Directorate was soon cancelled.

On September 26, 2001, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 855, the GUBOP was included in the Criminal Police Service (SKM) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. All local units for combating organized crime have been transferred to the structure of the criminal police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - Regional Internal Affairs Directorates. At the same time, the Regional Directorates for Combating Organized Crime were liquidated in the system of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. On their basis, Operational Investigation Bureaus were created as part of the Main Directorates of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in eight federal districts. By Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 951 - 2001, special departments were created within the structure of the Directorates and departments for combating organized crime to carry out operational intelligence activities aimed at identifying, preventing and suppressing manifestations of extremism and terrorism within the competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. On September 16, 2002, the SCM Ministry of Internal Affairs - Regional Internal Affairs Directorates were transferred to the disposal of special units rapid response (SOBR), which were renamed police units special purpose(OMSN).

In connection with the abolition of units in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to combat drug trafficking, on June 30, 2003, an Operational Investigation Bureau to combat drug trafficking was created within the structure of the Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime, and in the Departments for Combating Organized Crime under the Ministry of Internal Affairs - Regional police departments have established departments to combat drug trafficking. Also in 2003, a unit for combating terrorism, “Center T,” was created within the structure of the Main Directorate, and its regional divisions were created in the Ministry of Internal Affairs – the Internal Affairs Directorate of the subjects.

On November 10, 2004, the GUBOP was transformed into the Department for Combating Organized Crime and Terrorism (DBOPiT) of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Subordinate to the DBOPiT were several operational search bureaus, a counter-terrorism center (Center "T") and a special support center (Center "C"), as well as a special-purpose police detachment "Lynx".

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev No. 1316 “On some issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation” dated September 6, 2008, the Service for Combating Organized Crime was disbanded, its functions were transferred to other units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The same Decree established the Main Directorate for Combating Extremism of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (GUPE MIA of Russia).

Over the 20-year period, the heads of the Service were: Lagoda E.I., Nazarov Yu.P., Gurov A.I., Egorov M.K., Petrov V.N., Vasiliev V.A., Selivanov V.V. , Kozlov V.I., Vanichkin M.G., Ovchinnikov A.A., Ovchinnikov N.A., Meshcheryakov S.G.

Criminals organized in groups have always been a huge problem for law enforcement. They cause more harm than a lone criminal. Leaders are very difficult to identify, and even more difficult to detain. Prostitution, fraud, smuggling, terrorism are an insignificant part of the crimes they commit. Police officers working in this direction are at the forefront of the fight against crime. A very difficult and dangerous job that not everyone can do. All the more significant is the holiday on which these heroic people are honored.
The name of the holiday is long and complex: the day of the creation of units to combat organized crime. But it accurately reflects the specifics of the work and its complexity. On the calendar it is November 15th. The holiday is celebrated by employees of the Main Directorate for Combating Extremism and service veterans.

A little history:
On November 15, 1988, by order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, the 6th Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was organized. The first staff was only 32 people. It was from this date that the work of these units began.
In the 90s, all security forces were in a fever. Renaming, reorganization, and layoffs affected all divisions. Fighters against organized crime have not escaped these problems either. From 1991 to 2008, reorganizations and renamings took place almost every year.
2008 gave it another name, and this is the form the unit still has today – GUPE of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

GUPE employees identify extremists, fight terrorists, drug lords, illegal sales of weapons, corruption, and solve particularly serious crimes. They operate not only at the regional level, work is carried out nationwide, and cooperation has been established with Interpol and the police of individual countries.

I can’t believe it, but until the mid-80s it was believed that there was no organized crime in our country. Although the first cases of non-spontaneous formation began back in the 60s. With the beginning of perestroika, criminals organized in groups became a real disaster. One of the largest, the Sicilian mafia, has approximately 50 thousand members - 150 families, in Russia this figure has long exceeded 150 thousand, and in terms of groups there are approximately 12,000.

A fall iron curtain opened the door not only for tourists, vacationers and businessmen. Criminals began to actively explore the vast expanses of Europe. From the point of view of Europeans, Russian groups operating in the European Union are considered the most dangerous in extortion, illegal migration and economic crimes. All Slavic Russian-speaking gangs abroad are called “Russian Mafia”. This is fundamentally wrong, since the groups include not only Russian citizens. Among them there are groups from CIS countries and migrants from far abroad countries.

On November 15, we honor those who, without sparing their lives, fight back against criminals. These people are always on guard, solving crimes and protecting the lives of Russian citizens.

November 15 marked 20 years since the creation of the 6th Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Recently, all relevant departments were once again reformed. The phrase “organized crime” disappeared from the name. Apparently we defeated her.

The lion jumped. Then he was shot

The first head of the legendary unit was Alexander Gurov, now a State Duma deputy. The name of Gurov, then a young police sergeant, first appeared on the pages of newspapers when he shot a lion. This happened in Moscow during the era of stagnation. Lev King, who lived in the Baku Berberov family, starred in the comedy “The Adventures of Italians in Russia,” and during filming he lived in a school that was empty during the holidays. Somehow the animal got out into the school garden and, jumping over the fence, attacked a person passing by. When a police officer came running in response to the scream - it was Gurov - student Vladimir Markov was already lying in a pool of blood. The shot sounded on time. All newspapers wrote about the emergency. Everyone felt sorry for the lion and condemned Gurov. The exception was the publication of Trud newspaper correspondent Alexander Zarubin. In this editorial office, I, a first-year student at that time, did an internship. It was then that I saw Gurov for the first time, who, together with the parents of the rescued man, came to thank his colleague for his objectivity.
Perestroika broke out. In the USSR it was believed that the last gang was exterminated in the post-war years. But after the sensational “Uzbek case”, in which only Yuri Churbanov served a full sentence, timid changes began in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Police Major Alexander Gurov, then a senior researcher at the All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, took part in the preparation of Ministry Order No. 0033 “On the status and measures to strengthen the fight against dangerous manifestations of group crime.” This confusing name was recommended by the CPSU Central Committee. And yet these were the first steps. On June 17, 1985, the order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs “On strengthening the fight against organized groups” and “On strengthening the fight against the activities of leaders of the criminal environment” appeared. A year later, Gurov sent a note to the Minister of Internal Affairs with a brief description of thieves in law, but there were no significant changes in the work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The “fourth estate” came to the rescue. Yuri Shchekochikhin's interview with Alexander Gurov, “The Lion Leaped,” had the effect of a bomb exploding. The word “mafia” entered our vocabulary, and the name of the mafia expert became known to everyone.
Time passed. Ministers of Internal Affairs changed. Alexander Ivanovich believes that his two meetings with one of them - Vadim Bakatin - not only influenced the fight against organized crime, but also dramatically changed his fate. The first took place on January 2, 1989. I quote from Gurov’s book “Red Mafia”: “I well remembered the meeting with Shchelokov and the showdown after the article “The Lion Leaped,” and I did not expect anything good from this urgent meeting. True, I thought about the sharp article by Larisa Kislinskaya, where she, with her characteristic directness and sarcasm, criticized the police, wrote about lawlessness and mentioned my name as an expert... I saw Bakatin for the first time. Kislinskaya's article lay in front of him. “Wow, he reads it himself. Usually they do excerpts for ministers,” I thought. “You write and criticize, and so does Kislinskaya. What do you offer? So they created a bastard unit of 32 people and are thinking about fighting.” Next came the words that revealed a true builder by profession in Bakatin. However, he figured out that the order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 0014 of November 15, 1988 “On the creation of a department for combating organized crime” was a bone thrown to the public, just to get rid of it”...
“I can’t say why,” police Lieutenant General Alexander Gurov later told me, “but it was after this meeting that significant changes took place in the 6th Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of 32 people, which did not even have structural departments. Its number was increased to 52 people. Two departments were created. But what are 52 people for a huge country? The second meeting with Bakatin became fateful. He offered me a choice of two positions - assistant minister or head of this department. I, of course, chose the second one."

“Is this the mafia?”

At first everything went well. Mikhail Gorbachev blessed the creation of a powerful structure in the Ministry of Internal Affairs - the Main Directorate for Combating the Most Dangerous Crimes, Organized Crime, Corruption and Drug Trafficking. Specialized units appeared in 10 union republics. We made it on time. Alexander Ivanovich recalls that while listening to conversations of members of one criminal group, detectives intercepted conversations of two major mafiosi, one of whom lived in Germany. “When will the Six be liquidated? - asked one of the interlocutors. “These bastards won’t let us live in Germany either.” His Moscow acquaintance replied: “I don’t know exactly when, but soon it will not be called the “six”.” By an amazing coincidence, the Ministry of Internal Affairs started yet another reorganization, as a result of which the “six” were supposed to dissolve into the bowels of the criminal police service. The magazine “Capital” wrote: “The courageous comrade Gurov, like everyone else Soviet people, is convinced that there is a mafia in the country. Several years after the creation of a special department in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the SSS began to be demanded from Comrade Gurov, because the salary was coming, but the mafia was still not there. It seems like six groups were found throughout the country. Is this the mafia? The article was published shortly before the events of August 1991...
IN new country a new ministry was created. And the new Minister of Internal Affairs, Viktor Barannikov, suddenly decided that “the Gurov administration must be dealt with.” “He seemed to have forgotten that we worked together to eliminate a criminal group in the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs itself,” recalls Alexander Ivanovich. - Under the guise of the Anti-Drug Foundation, she smuggled computers. I am sure that this was not Barannikov’s initiative. The wind blew from the Council of Ministers and from the Supreme Council. Their employees appeared in our documents on the development of organized criminal gangs. The development of one major police leader from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs could also alarm. High-ranking officials were involved in cases involving the transfer of 140 billion rubles abroad and the Urozhay-90 checks, in which the notorious Istok association, headed by people's deputy Artem Tarasov."
As a result, a Russian unit was created on the ruins of the 6th Directorate. Gurov went to the KGB to Bakatin, who at that moment headed it. The new leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs commented on this: “He left because of the sensations that he lacks.” Then Alexander Ivanovich left the KGB, which by this time had been fragmented, reorganized and renamed many times.
“Various reorganizations in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and very frequent (once every six months) in the state security agencies, where I was forced to move, had a completely obvious task,” says Gurov. - How many cases of large and super-large thefts were collapsed together with the USSR! How many criminals have escaped responsibility! How much money was laundered by criminal syndicates through the import of low-quality vodka and low-quality products! This wouldn't have happened if we had been heard. Even before the collapse of MMM, Tibet, Chara and the like, we predicted such situations and proposed the adoption of appropriate laws that would become an obstacle in the path of many swindlers. But at this time they became carried away with reorganizations, during which professionals left and necessary documents were destroyed.”
The Moscow unit for combating organized crime experienced the most powerful pressure. The prototype of the famous Moscow RUBOP appeared on Petrovka, 38 in the structure of the MUR on June 30, 1986. There were 25 people serving there at that time. Since May 27, 1989 - already 73 employees. The department was called upon to fight not against group crime, but against organized crime. On November 12, 1992, he took over management. By this time his staff numbered 123 people. And a year later it was already a powerful unit - the Regional Department for Organized Crime under the Moscow City Internal Affairs Directorate. At the end of 1996, the Department was transferred to the subordination of the Main Directorate for Organized Crime Control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Shabolovsky, which are cooler than Solntsevo

Initially, the first department on Petrovka was headed by an experienced detective Gafa Khusainov, who at one time took part in the arrest of the founders of organized crime - Mongol and Yaponchik. He also worked on the case of the robbery of the Troitsky family, the traces of which led to Galina Brezhneva’s lover Boris Buryatse. Then Vladimir Rushailo became the head of the department, and later the department, having worked his way up from an ordinary officer to the Minister of Internal Affairs. It was under him that the unit became a powerful structure. Under him, it moved to a new building at Shabolovka, 6, and this address became as famous as Petrovka, 38. To this day, Vladimir Borisovich is considered the founding father of the Moscow RUBOP.
“Our service was created on the model and likeness of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation, the main difference between which and the criminal investigation is not only the number of identified and solved crimes, but organizing work from person to crime, that is, identifying active participants, leaders and authorities of criminal groups and gangs, episodes of their illegal activities, regardless of the composition of the crimes,” Vladislav Selivanov, first deputy head of the Moscow Department, told me in 1995.
The new approach to the problem also made it possible to carry out “preventative” work, thanks to which, for example, in May 1994, a unique operation was carried out to prevent a gathering of thieves in Butyrka prison. In 1997, 7 contract killings were prevented during the preparation stage. Over five years (1993-1998), the unit prosecuted 56 thieves in law and 246 leaders and authorities... During the same period, RUBOP received reports of theft for ransom of 952 people (51 of them children). Everyone was freed. Some hostage rescue operations are unique. So, in June 1997, the son of a businessman from Sydney was released. The difficulty was that they kidnapped young man in Moscow, held hostage in Dagestan, and led the operation from Australia. It was necessary to free hostages in the USA. The son of a Moscow banker was kidnapped in Cleveland; almost a million dollars were demanded for his release. During the operational search activities, the Moscow masterminds of the crime were detained. Through them we found American accomplices. The information was received by the Cleveland office of the US FBI. The hostage was released and the kidnappers were arrested.
In general, the bandits were afraid of the Moscow RUBOP like fire. And in many management offices a humorous slogan appeared on the walls: “Shabolovskys are cooler than Solntsevskys.”

RUBOP no longer lives here

“I have the impression that I am attending own funeral, - said a familiar operative when a sign was removed from the famous building on Shabolovka, 6. - Moreover, we learned about the disbandment of our RUBOP not from the authorities, but from the bandits. They openly laugh at us."
The order to disband the system of the Regional Directorate for Combating Organized Crime was signed in August 2001. The reorganization was initiated by the then Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Boris Gryzlov. True, a high-profile action like “Moore’s werewolves in uniform” did not happen, but the criminal cases brought against several Rubopovites were often remembered. They said that the service had become unmanageable. But if she were subordinate to the local police department, the police department, she would become “tame.” It seems that this is exactly what was required.
Almost all experienced employees left. The best of the best died during various kinds of special operations - in Chechnya alone, 19 Rubopovites were lost in the line of duty. Over the 20 years of its existence, all units of the GUBOP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation lost 396 people. Eight officers received the highest title - Hero of Russia.
On former minister Internal affairs raids began. I wrote about the collapse of the RUBOP in the article “Friends and Foes in the Ministry of Internal Affairs” (“Top Secret” No. 11, 2001). My opponent was the then head of the Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, police lieutenant general Alexander Ovchinnikov. Due to his official position, he did not agree with the fact that RUBOP was being purposefully destroyed. But he agreed with the assumption of some that unscrupulous employees of this department were especially concerned about the fate of the RUBOP, fearing that as a result of the reform they would lose access to a nourishing feed. “Yes, it’s a filling feeder,” the general said and gave an example: one of the former heads of the GUBOP department forgot a “purse” with 70 thousand dollars in the toilet. She was found by his subordinate, who waited ten days for the boss to sound the alarm. But he was silent. The money was clearly not the last...
Not many years have passed since the next reform. But the stakes have changed dramatically. Yes, out of two different sources It became known that one of the heads of the main anti-mafia department (now fired) was carrying not tens of thousands of dollars, but millions in his suitcases. One million - for patronage, the other - for initiating a “custom” criminal case and successfully bringing it to court.

There's a dollar in one eye and a euro in the other.

On September 6 of this year, a decree of the President of Russia was issued on the next reorganization of the current Department for Combating Organized Crime and Terrorism of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. From now on, two departments will operate on its basis. One must resist extremism, the other must ensure the protection of persons subject to state protection. Both do not have the phrase “organized crime” in their titles. All functions to combat organized crime of a general nature, as well as units for the development of thieves in law and crime bosses, are transferred to the criminal investigation department. Corruption and economic manifestations of organized crime are the responsibility of anti-corruption structures. economic crimes. We returned to where we started 20 years ago. The fight against organized crime by forces that are subordinate to, say, city departments, and therefore city authorities, is unlikely to have bright prospects.
The day after the publication of the presidential decree, agents of the still undisbanded departments for combating organized crime reported that thieves in law in all regions of Russia staged a grandiose drinking party on the occasion of the liquidation of the hated service.
In a report on the results of last year, Minister of Internal Affairs Rashid Nurgaliyev stated: “The trend of decreasing professionalism of law enforcement officers, including operational staff, continues.” It should be noted that over the past 20 years everything has been done for this. But that's not the worst thing. It’s scary when specially trained people go into the service of the mafia officially, when they hand over their agents and database. Information about the appearance of a database of the reorganized department on the black market has already appeared. “The authorities of the criminal environment, including thieves in law, have a serious influence on the activities of OPF (organized criminal groups), the minister notes. - In total, 182 thieves in law are operationally registered with the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Key figures underworld, according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there are 20 thieves who now head seven organized crime groups. Through the “polozhens”, “supervisors” and holders of the common fund, they created a system of alternative governing bodies at the level of regions, municipalities and in institutions of the penitentiary system.” I wonder who will fight the thieves in law now? Precinct?
“We were dispersed, they threw mud at us, they recruited new people from all over the country, but they quickly found their way to the capital and began to take bribes in the hundreds of thousands, or even millions of euros,” says a veteran of the Moscow RUBOP. - For them there is neither a homeland nor a flag. What kind of fight against crime is there when there is a dollar in one eye and a euro in the other.”
Maybe the last structure designed to fight the mafia, but in fact more than once caught merging with it, should have been dispersed, but how will things go “on the ground”, that is, in the district and district police departments, where they take bribes, but smaller ones , both for the collapse and for the initiation of a criminal case?

Larisa Kislinskaya

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The main link state system bodies fighting organized crime is the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. A specialized unit has been formed within the Ministry of Internal Affairs - the Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime. Its departments operate locally. Given the exceptional danger of organized crime, which undermines the foundations state power and directly threatens public safety country, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Bodies federal service Security” establishes the powers of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation to combat organized crime. Article 8, paragraph 2 of the Law establishes the following - “Fighting crime”. A Art. 10 of the Law specifies this power by listing the actions that these bodies are required to perform.

The activities of specialized units to combat organized crime make it possible to collect and subsequently use information against organized crime. criminal activity criminal leaders, as well as against foreign criminals associated with them. This information can be of great assistance in identifying and studying the structural formations of organized crime and the persons operating in these structures, the total number and composition, the location of organized criminal groups and communities, the leaders heading the structural elements of organized crime and the relationships that have developed between them.

Russian anti-organized crime experts have developed four main types of organized crime intelligence:

Information indicating the main directions and trends occurring in the criminal environment or in specific organized criminal groups.

Information of an operational nature that requires immediate implementation by operational special forces and interested ATS services.

Information of an evidentiary nature that can reliably be used at the stage of investigation or trial.

Higher order information collected over a relatively long period of time for subsequent summation, which reflects big picture life activity of organized criminal groups Korchagin A. G. Nomokonov V. A. Shulga V. I. Decree. Job. S. 29..

Next, it is necessary to develop a special system of comprehensive operational information about organized crime. They should be collected in order to have absolute knowledge of the full scope of information about the illegal activities of organized crime. The collection of such information will help law enforcement agencies develop a special countermeasures system to neutralize and block organized crime by preventing and suppressing offenses that may be committed by organized criminal groups and communities. And also to identify and expose all participants in organized criminal activity. In a word, the collection, verification and implementation of operational information will provide significant assistance in creating a legal shield against illegal, socially dangerous attacks on the rights and legitimate interests of society, the state and a specific citizen by organized crime, as well as ousting it from the sphere of social practice. So, based on what we have studied various offers, made by criminologist specialists and employees of special units for combating organized crime, allowed us, taking into account our own ideas and proposals, to form a unified system for collecting operational information about organized crime, consisting of three sections:

• 1. Data related to general criminal activities of organized crime.
• 1.1 Information about the location (residence, stay) of the leaders of the criminal environment in the country or region, the degree and nature of their influence on the criminal activity of the antisocial element.
• 1.2 Information about the availability of general material resources in the criminal environment, specific criminal groups and communities, their use for organizing criminal activities.
• 1.3 Sources of replenishment of these funds both for the country as a whole and for the region.
• 1.4 Information about the existence of reprisals against accomplices suspected of violating criminal customs and traditions.
• 1.5 Information about the presence of counterintelligence activities of members of criminal communities.
• 1.6 Information about the presence of meetings of members of organized criminal groups and communities and the issues resolved at them.
• 1.7 Information about the presence of corrupt connections between responsible officials and organized criminal groups and communities.
• 1.8 Information about the existence of connections between leaders of organized criminal communities and persons serving criminal sentences.
• 1.9 Information about the presence of connections between leaders of organized criminal groups and artists, athletes, doctors, lawyers and other representatives of the intelligentsia.
• 1.10 Information about contract killings and other crimes committed by members of organized criminal groups and communities ordered by their leaders.
• 1.11 Information on the resolution of domestic conflicts by leaders and other criminal authorities of the criminal environment that arose between citizens.
• 2. Data related to illegal economic activities of organized crime:
• 2.1 Information about the presence of stable connections between entrepreneurs, as well as businessmen in the shadow economy, and the traditional criminal environment, the nature of their relationships.
• 2.2 Information received from criminal leaders Money for the establishment or expansion of a business by shady businessmen or entrepreneurs.
• 2.3 Information about the deduction of part of the profits by shady businessmen and entrepreneurs to the criminal environment.
• 2.4 Information on the mediation of representatives of the criminal environment in the relationship between shady businessmen and entrepreneurs.
• 2.5 Information on the organization of personal protection of shadow businessmen and entrepreneurs and their enterprises.
• 2.6 Information about contract killings and other crimes committed by organized groups and communities ordered by shadow businessmen and entrepreneurs.
• 2.7 Information about attempts by shady businessmen to invest illegally obtained funds into the legal economy.
• 2.8 Information about corrupt connections between responsible officials and businessmen in the shadow economy.
• 2.9 Information about the connections of shadow economy businessmen with artists, writers, athletes, doctors, lawyers and other representatives of the intelligentsia.
• 2.10 Information on the resolution of economic conflicts by leaders and other criminal authorities of the criminal environment that arose between entrepreneurs.
• 3. Data related to general criminal activity of organized crime in places of deprivation of liberty:
• 3.1 Information about the dissemination of criminal ideology among convicts by criminal authorities.
• 3.2 Information about the criminal connections of the leaders of the criminal environment who are in prison with those who are at large.
• 3.3 Information about the interaction of leaders of the criminal environment who are in prison, indicating the coordination of their illegal activities.
• 3.4 Information about the consolidation of material resources by convicts and the transfer of part of these funds to freedom.
• 3.6 Information about bribery of officials of places of deprivation of liberty.
• 3.7 Information about the presence of meetings of criminal authorities in places of deprivation of liberty and the range of issues discussed by them.
• 3.8 Information about attempts to organize illegal opposition to the administration of places of deprivation of liberty.

It seems to us that the fight against organized crime should also include a set of special measures developed and aimed at combating organized crime.

The system of special measures to counter organized criminal activity should be expressed in two directions.

The first direction is to identify and block the channels of penetration of organized crime into society and its social practice. This is the main task of the government in the fight against organized crime, it is often talked about Russian specialists- criminologists. The following measures can be taken in this area:

General management, planning and coordination of bodies law enforcement to combat organized crime.

Combating the legalization of criminal capital.

Specific legislation dedicated to the fight against organized crime and corruption and related measures.

General criminal legislation on liability for organizing and participating in illegal activities of organized crime.

The third direction is ensuring the legality and security of business activities. It includes the following measures:

Control over the legality of the activities of legal and individuals in the business sector from outside government agencies.

Special organizational, legal and technical support for entrepreneurial activities with the help of law enforcement agencies, private detective agencies and security companies Korchagin A. G. Nomokonov V. A. Shulga V. I. Decree. Job. S. 28..

The federal authorities should also develop, adopt and implement a concept for combating organized crime, which should be formalized in a special state program.

In order for the provided system of special measures to combat organized crime to be effective, the following conditions must be present:

• 1. Consolidation of efforts of society and the state. Only by uniting public and state institutions it is possible to effectively influence the causes that give rise to organized crime. The reasons are in the economic, spiritual, political and social spheres.
• 2. Consolidation of law enforcement agencies themselves. In this consolidated association, each law enforcement agency must clearly know and perform its functions. In some cases, duplication of functions is allowed, since absolute monopoly can cause harm in the fight against organized crime.
• 3. Law enforcement officers, especially special forces, must have a high level of professionalism and be morally stable. A system for their protection must be created and certain social benefits provided.

On this issue, Russian criminologists have repeatedly expressed their opinion, in particular, senior lecturer of the department of criminal law of the Yakut branch of the Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation T. A. Tkachuk, proposes to entrust the investigation of crimes committed by organized criminal groups and communities to highly professional specialists with creative thinking and capable of carrying out high-quality and complete investigative and operational activities Tkachuk T.A. Current issues related to neutralizing opposition to the investigation. //Organized counteraction to the detection and investigation of crimes and measures to neutralize it. M. 1997. P. 47..

• 4. Scientific and propaganda support for the fight against organized crime. It is necessary to consolidate the efforts of scientists, various law enforcement agencies and specialized institutions to prepare special literature devoted to this problem.
• 5. Information and propaganda support for the fight against organized crime. It is necessary to consolidate all media to form public opinion in the spirit of rejection of organized crime and to assist law enforcement agencies in the fight against organized crime.

It is known that Russian organized crime has long been carrying out its illegal activities abroad. In order to combat transnational organized crime, it is necessary for Russian and foreign authorities to join forces for international cooperation in this area. In this regard, it is proposed to implement a number of measures:

• 1. Hold an international conference on the problem of transnational organized crime, at which it is worth discussing measures included in the international counteraction system.
• 2. Develop and adopt a convention on measures to combat transnational organized crime.
• 3. Establish an international fund for the fight against transnational organized crime.
• 4. Create international tribunal on transnational organized crime.
• 5. Create an international specialized organization to combat transnational organized crime.
• 6. Establish an international information Center on transnational organized crime.

Currently, the above measures, developed and proposed by Russian criminologists, have not been adopted due to a number of circumstances hindering their adoption and implementation Kalachev B. F. Using a global approach in the fight against organized transnational crime. //The problem of combating organized crime and corruption. M. 1995. P. 74.. However, the fight against transnational organized crime cannot be suspended for a moment.

It seems to us that it is possible to use such forms of international interaction as:

Discussion and development of the necessary general methods for combating transnational organized crime.

• 2. Exchange of scientific and practical information.
• 3. Direct cooperation between the intelligence services of Russia and foreign countries.

Along this line, it is even possible to envisage the creation, if necessary, of joint operational investigative teams to solve crimes committed by transnational organized criminal groups and communities.

• 4. Exchange of experience in combating organized crime between specialists from Russia and foreign countries.
• 5. Other forms of international cooperation to combat transnational organized crime are not excluded.

We believe that today it is impossible to ignore the legal foundations of the fight against organized crime, since countering this socio-criminological phenomenon must be carried out within a strictly regulated legal framework.

Legal support for the fight against organized crime consists, first of all, in the development and adoption of appropriate laws aimed at solving this problem and having a comprehensive intersectoral nature. Back in 1990, Russian criminologists, researchers and teachers from different regions of the country, employees of units for combating organized crime, having discussed problems with organized crime, considered it necessary to urgently take a set of measures to create a system to combat organized crime and corruption. The result of this discussion was the development and adoption of a written appeal to the President of the USSR, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and Supreme Soviets union republics.

This appeal proposed a set of measures to create a control system; the measures were distributed according to the areas of counteraction. One of these areas of struggle was the area of ​​improvement legal basis fight against organized crime and corruption. Quite a lot of time passed after this, but legal aspect little has moved forward.

It is still unclear why the bills include such very important laws in the fight against organized crime and corruption: “On the fight against organized crime”, “On the fight against corruption”, “On liability for money laundering”.

As for the bill “On the fight against organized crime,” and the key bill, which was prepared by the interdepartmental commission created on the basis of the decision of the coordination meeting of heads of law enforcement agencies in November 1993 and adopted State Duma in 1994, this bill is of an original concept and comprehensive in nature. The whole quintessence of the concept of this bill is as follows. Depending on the level of organization of criminal groups, the relevant authorities are determined to counter them. The fight against ordinary organized criminal groups (the so-called first level) should be carried out by all operational units of the Department of Internal Affairs, the FSB, the prosecutor's office, customs, and tax police.

Criminal cases involving crimes of these groups are considered by courts in general procedure. Only specialized units of these bodies should deal with criminal organizations and criminal communities. With especially dangerous criminal organizations and communities that have international connections using powers federal bodies authorities, or who have committed or are committing especially dangerous state and a number of other serious crimes, will already be fighting the Committee for Combating Particularly Dangerous Organized Crime, which is supposed to be established by the named project.

Such criminal cases must be tried by judicial panels consisting of professional judges. The authors of this bill define three main types of organized crimes:

• - creation and management of a criminal organization,
• - participation in a criminal organization,
• - organization of a criminal community, leadership and participation in it.

Article 5 of the draft provides for criminal liability for the creation and management of a criminal organization, or being part of it organized group, or otherwise structural unit, or criminal activity of this organization or its structural division. The qualifying characteristics are: use of powers and capabilities of government bodies, institutions, enterprises, organizations or bodies local government, municipal institutions and enterprises, officials, or with the storage, use, production of firearms, ammunition, explosives., either by creating sustainable channels for their acquisition or by monopolizing economic activity, or by using foreign connections.

Article 6 of the draft describes participation in a criminal organization; the qualifying characteristics are similar to Art. 5.

In Art. 7 of the draft establishes criminal liability for the creation of a criminal society. The objective side of the crime is formed by the organization of a criminal community or management of it, or other participation in it, or in the development, implementation of measures to maintain, develop criminal activity, or create favorable conditions for it, or persons, groups, organizations involved in it, qualifying characteristics are similar to Art. . 5 projects. As for the qualifying features, part 3 of Art. 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation establishes only one qualifying feature - this is the use of one’s official position. The legislator should include additional qualifying criteria, since in our opinion, the absence of such criteria unjustifiably narrows the responsibility for committing this act. The section of operational investigative measures to combat organized crime of this bill regulates in detail the use of special operational investigative measures, which include:

• - operational implementation,
• - controlled deliveries and other operations,
• - operational experiment,
• - creation and use of enterprises, institutions and organizations.

It should be noted that these measures are applied in cases where it is otherwise impossible or difficult to ensure the identification, prevention and disclosure of crimes committed by organized criminal groups, as well as the identification of those who prepared or committed them, and the search for persons who committed these crimes and are hiding from bodies of inquiry, investigation, and court evading criminal punishment.

The above operational activities have long been carried out abroad. For example, in the United States there are two operational departments of the Federal Investigation Department tax department conduct hundreds of operational experiment events, recommending their experience to Russian law enforcement agencies. To illustrate, we give the following example from experience American intelligence agencies. In the eighties, US FBI agents conducted a major operation. They are under the guise Arab sheikhs They offered known unreliable members of the American Congress a decent fee in the amount of several tens of thousands of dollars for the fact that these sheikhs were provided with various benefits and, as a result, the case ended in a high-profile trial.

The surgical experiment is widely used in many countries around the world. Therefore, our special services need to actively use this event, the results of which will not take long to arrive.

Article 6 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Operational-Investigative Activities” allows today to carry out the above measures, similar to the draft Law “On the Fight against Organized Crime,” which at least to some extent compensates for the absence of the main law.

The draft Law of the Russian Federation “On the Fight against Organized Crime” provides for a number of criminal procedural norms that take into account the specifics, increased danger and scale of the activities of criminal organizations and communities. In this regard, the authors of the bill propose to set the period of preliminary investigation in cases of crimes committed by organized criminal organizations and communities to six months. The adoption of this bill will obviously entail some changes to the criminal procedure code.

Currently great importance in the fight against organized crime, there is a new Law of the Russian Federation “On operational investigative activities”, adopted in 1995. This Law is a serious legal mechanism for combating organized crime. It provides for the types of operational-search activities and the procedure for their implementation.

Art. 13 of the Law establishes a list of bodies carrying out operational investigative activities. Article 12 regulates the procedure for protecting information about operational investigative measures used or used. Article 18 par. 4 establishes certain conditions for the release from criminal liability of members of criminal groups, etc. The fight against organized crime is also regulated by regulatory Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, such as: “On measures to protect the rights of citizens, protect law and order and strengthen the fight against crime”, “On the fight against corruption in the public service system”. There is a Federal program to combat organized crime. The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation approved the regulation “On interdepartmental commission Security Council of the Russian Federation on Combating Crime and Corruption” dated January 20, 1993.

In order to successfully combat organized crime, it is necessary to cut off its economic roots. According to foreign luminaries of economics and politics, in order for Russia to begin to crawl out of the economic abyss, it needs to take political and economic measures. Ross D. Decree. Job. P. 27.. The decisive strategic issue for our country is the revision of the order of priorities in the production of industrial products and raw materials. What Russia instead industrial production engaging in the export of raw materials was not just a momentary economic mistake, but a historical trap from which there is no way out yet.

World experience shows that the most fertile ground for organized crime occurs where unemployment and poverty reign. In such a situation, the population easily cooperates with those who commit economic and other crimes. This gives people the opportunity to earn at least some income. The inability of the state and society to solve vital economic issues pushes people to commit criminal offenses. The problem of organized crime is closely intertwined with the problem of the shadow economy. The main measures to eliminate the shadow economy must coincide with the most important areas of economic reform. Transition to new forms government controlled occurs in conditions of constant deficiency and inconsistency of the legal framework regulating economic relations, legislation lags behind the actually occurring processes in society. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 29, 1996, for the first time in Russia a State Strategy was developed and adopted economic security Russian Federation. The main goal of the state strategy is to ensure the development of the economy, which would create acceptable conditions for life and personal development, as well as socio-economic, military-political stability of society and the preservation of the integrity of the state, successfully resisting the influence of internal and external threats. To the main directions in organizing the fight against organized crime in economic sphere includes the development, adoption and implementation of regional programs to combat organized crime. Legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the provisions of such a program, can make decisions aimed at combating crimes committed in the economic sphere, eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to their spread at the regional level.

Law enforcement agencies should focus on countering ongoing crimes in the economic sphere, such as:

• - illegal use of public funds, investments, transactions in the financial and foreign exchange markets,
• - crimes related to foreign economic activity,
• - crimes related to strategically important raw materials,
• - fraud and illegal entrepreneurship in the consumer market,
• - deliberate and fictitious bankruptcy in the monetary sphere.

It is also necessary to forecast the development of the criminal situation in the most criminal sectors of the national economy. The results of the forecast must be used to prepare proposals to legislative and executive authorities at the federal and local levels to neutralize crimes in the economic sphere. In order to effectively combat organized criminal activity in the economic sphere, a system of special measures of an economic nature is necessary, with the help of which it is possible to neutralize and block organized crime and oust it from the legal economic space. For this it is proposed next system special measures:

Organization of reliable protection of all property, since property develops and strengthens criminal capital. State encouragement and control of private security companies. As well as protecting and strengthening it through the adoption of enhanced criminal law norms.

Organization of reliable financial control over economic structures. Search for concentrations of unaccounted financial values, unhindered verification of all financial transactions.

Take economic and legal measures to eliminate criminal monopolism in production and trade, which makes fabulous profits by creating shortages.

Review the results of privatization in order to restore the violated rights and legitimate interests of society and the state.

Install legal principles, on the basis of which bank secrecy will not become an obstacle to a criminal investigation.

Adopt laws against corruption, on the basis of which, in particular, it is possible to require officials and politicians to provide information about their property, income and oblige the relevant authorities to investigate cases of unexpected enrichment or discrepancy between a high standard of living and declared sources of income.

Conduct a check on the legality of registration of other private enterprises and cooperatives, taking into account the formation of their starting capital, compliance with their actual activities and statutory provisions.

Conduct a study of issues related to the structures of financial authorities, banks, the system of institutions through external relations and methods of obtaining information about criminal manifestations in these structures.

Conduct advanced training and economic education for employees of special forces to combat organized crime.

Adopt a law on liability for money laundering and establish criminal liability for providing financial assistance to criminal organizations.

Adopt legal provisions to provide law enforcement officials with rights of access to documents necessary to control the movement of money, as well as a provision criminalizing the opening and use of accounts under false names.