Poisonous plants of the middle zone. The most poisonous plants in Russia

Let me make a reservation right away that this post will focus on poisonous plants of Siberia. It is clear that some of them have a wider habitat, but I am interested, first of all, in what may be in close proximity to my baby.

IN Lately Kirill began to become interested flora. On a walk, he asks to touch the leaves of trees and bushes, flowers and grass. Naturally, I worry about his safety, because he not only touches, but also tastes the specimens that interest him.

YOU NEED TO KNOW THEM IN PERSON.

The following plants, when ingested by the human body, cause poisoning, sometimes leading to death (I provide a list of the most dangerous of them):

Buttercup caustic

There are a lot of varieties of buttercups, so it’s better to look at the pictures here: And read about them all. Good resource! You can find all the information on poisonous plants in the Russian Federation.

But I will highlight the most important thing from everything described there:

All parts of the plant are poisonous!
The popular name for all buttercups is “night blindness”, associated with the effect of protoanemonin on the mucous membranes of the eyes, causing severe pain, lacrimation and temporary blindness.
Protoanemonin has a pungent odor and pungent taste. If you suddenly sniff a bunch of buttercups, your eyes will become irritated, a runny nose, suffocation, spasms of the laryngeal muscles and lacrimation will appear.
Juice from the leaves can cause burns to the skin and mucous membranes. Avoid contact with wounds, cuts, and scratches.
When ingested, a strong burning sensation is felt in the mouth, throat, and stomach. Copious saliva is produced, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain appear. In severe cases, symptoms of damage to the central nervous system: tremors, convulsions, confusion.
Redness, itching, swelling, blisters, and sometimes abscesses will appear on a person’s skin.

Henbane black

A weed with an unpleasant odor, stem height 30-100 cm. Blooms in June - August; the seeds ripen in July - September. It is found near housing, near roads, in fields, and vegetable gardens.

All parts of the plant are poisonous (especially the seeds!). Poisoning causes dry mouth, skin rash, thirst, nausea and vomiting, cardiovascular disorders, mental disorder, convulsions. Symptoms of poisoning develop within a period of time from 10 minutes to 15 hours.

Veh poisonous

Hemlock is the most poisonous plant of the flora of the Russian Federation. Blooms in July - August. Grows in swamps, along the banks of rivers and lakes. Distributed in all areas of the steppe and forest zones of Siberia. Toxic substances Contained in all parts of the plant, but especially in the rhizome and young shoots, they cause severe poisoning (fatal in 50% of cases). The poison acts quickly (within an hour), causing epileptic convulsions, dizziness, drowsiness, dilated pupils, burning in the abdomen, retching, thirst, tongue paralysis, difficulty swallowing and breathing, convulsions and death. Emetics, weak acetic acid, black coffee, mustard plasters on the back and shoulders and other remedies are used as an antidote.

Common wolfberry (wolf bast, wolf berries)

Shrub 30-70 cm tall. The flowers are pink, fragrant, bloom before the leaves develop. The fruit is a bright red oval drupe. Blooms in May - first half of June; bears fruit in July - August. The bark and berries are very poisonous. Poisoning causes severe burning in the mouth, inflammation of the throat, and convulsions.

Common raven eye.

The stem of the plant is 15-40 cm tall. Blooms in May - July; bears fruit in July - August. Grows in forests, among bushes, in shady places. All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the rhizome and berries. The rhizome causes vomiting, and the berries affect the heart.

Datura common.

Plant 30-100 cm tall. Blooms in July - August. A weed that settles near homes, in yards and gardens. Found in the Altai Territory, occasionally appears in a number of southern regions Western Siberia And Krasnoyarsk Territory.

All parts of the plant are highly poisonous. Symptoms of poisoning are similar to those of black bleached poisoning.

Lobel's Hellebore

Large plant, stem - 50-170 cm. Blooms from June to August.

Grows in forests, meadows, banks of rivers and lakes. Distributed throughout Siberia.

Symptoms of poisoning: unpleasant sensation in the nose, pharynx, esophagus, cough, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakening of cardiac activity, decreased blood pressure.

When I was looking for material I came across a poem by Bunin on the topic. Afterwards I felt so uneasy that I decided: I’ll definitely do this post.

The girl ate dope,
Nausea, headache,
Cheeks are burning, it makes you sleepy.
But the heart is sweet, sweet, sweet:
Everything is unclear, everything is a mystery,
Some kind of ringing from all sides:

Without seeing, the eye sees something else,
Wonderful and unearthly,
Without hearing, clearly catches the ear
The delight of heavenly harmony -
And weightless, incorporeal
The shepherd brought her home.

The next morning the coffin was put together.
They sang and sang over him,
The mother cried... And the father
Covered it with a plank lid
And he carried it to the churchyard under his arm...
Is it really the end of the fairy tale?

There is a lot growing in the world different plants, flowers, bushes and trees. Some of them bear fruit, some are used by humans for food, but there are many types of plants that are harmful and dangerous to consume. Website " In the country“believes that you need to know the list of these plants in order to avoid possible negative consequences.

A considerable number of plants grow on the territory of Russia that can harm humans. First of all, it is worth mentioning the wetland plant - calligraphy, which grows on the banks of rivers and swamps. The flower consists of wide leaves with pointed ends, small white flowers, which are collected in dense inflorescences, and red berries. All parts of the plant are poisonous.

Although belladonna translated from Italian as " beautiful woman", this plant can cause a lot of trouble. In Russia, it has another unspoken name “rabies”, since contact with it can cause a person increased excitability. Belladonna blooms with small bells, and its fruit is a black round berry. When poisoned by this plant, a person develops dry mouth, difficulty breathing, and impaired vision.

Another plant to be wary of is black crow, which ripens in late summer. It grows mainly in shady forests or bush thickets. You can recognize Voronets by its sharp leaves and small oblong berries. The juice of the plant causes blisters and ulcers on the human body, and if you consume the roots, you can get severe poisoning, accompanied by vomiting.

Other poisonous plants that grow in Russia include: raven eye, bittersweet nightshade, wolfberry and some others.

For example, wild rosemary belongs to the heather family and has many names. It is also called swamp stupor. As the name suggests, wild rosemary prefers swampy places, peat bogs and damp coniferous forests. Distributed in Altai, on Far East and Baikal region. Some of its species live in Siberia and Central Russia. The stems and leaves of this plant are poisonous.

White acacia distributed in the Far East, the Caucasus and the central part of Russia. The fruits and bark of this plant, which contain toxalbumin robin, a highly toxic substance, are poisonous.

Russian broom- a shrub common in the European part of Russia, like acacia, contains toxins in its fruits.

Wolfman or common wolfberry It has a large number of popular names: plohovets, puffy, wolf's bast, etc. This shrub grows in Altai, Western Siberia and Central Russia. Almost all parts of the wolfberry: berries, leaves, flowers, and even branches - contain toxic substances, the use of which can lead to poisoning.

Rutka officinalis- a plant that, like no other, has a huge number of popular names: smoker, alomatnik, brisket, feather grass, bonfire, smoker, povelika, chistyak, wild rue - that’s far from full list names of this plant. For the most part, rutka grows in Siberia and the Far East. Rutka poisoning may cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and increased urination.

Datura common- an annual plant with a very beautiful flowers. Datura is widespread throughout almost the entire territory of Russia. It grows around homes like a weed, near roads and in vacant lots. Perhaps no plant contains such a variety of toxic substances as dope. Among them are scopolamine, atropine and hyoscyamine - alkaloids that have a strong effect on the entire human nervous system and sometimes lead to death. Signs of poisoning: dilated pupils, spasms, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, hallucinations, speech disorder, etc. The flowers of this plant are especially poisonous.

Henbane black– among the people there is also black grass, poisonous tobacco, devil’s eye, dog poppy, etc., a plant of the nightshade family. It grows everywhere. An unpretentious prolific plant, all parts of which are poisonous. Even when dried it remains toxic. Manifestations of poisoning and the composition of alkaloids are similar to dope. In people poisoned with black bleached bleach, there is heat, dizziness, increased sweating. You must be careful with this plant and remember that henbane is a strong poison.

Over 100 thousand plant species grow on the territory of Russia. And of these, no more than one thousand are poisonous. They are mainly found in southern regions and highlands. But in our area there are also some that can cause harm to health. Nikolai Degtyarev, a methodologist at the Museum of Nature at the Station for Young Naturalists, spoke about the poisonous plants that grow on the territory of Zheleznogorsk and the region.

Foxglove grandiflora

Tall perennial with straight stems and large yellow bell-shaped flowers. Grows in forests and on the edges.
The leaves are the most poisonous. They contain poisons that seriously disrupt the functioning of the heart and tend to accumulate in the body of humans and animals. In toxic doses, they cause nausea, severe bradycardia (decreased heart contraction), and cardiac arrest.
In addition, when the plant blooms, it releases poisonous spores that are carried by the wind. If they are inhaled, a person may faint, and large quantities- death. Poisoning appears after a few days.

Hogweed Sosnovsky

A giant perennial up to two meters in height with a powerful hollow stem and large leaves, white inconspicuous flowers are collected in complex umbels. The largest concentration of them is observed in the Raspberry Forest tract in the Soviet-Bulgarian Friendship Park and in the area of ​​the village of Razvetye.
Sensitivity to the effects of hogweed varies from person to person. For some it does not work, but for others, one minute of contact with hogweed juice and two minutes of exposure to the sun is enough for a first-degree burn to develop within two days. Most of all, the lesion develops when moistened skin comes into contact with it. In addition to local symptoms, chills, headache, and fever are observed. Deep ulcers may appear on the skin, which take a long time to heal and leave white scars.
At the same time, hogweed is a fodder and medicinal plant(bactericidal properties), honey plant, raw material for perfumery.

Hemlock spotted

Tall biennial with an unpleasant mouse smell, small white flowers in complex umbels. This is a garden weed.
The entire plant is poisonous. Poisoning can occur if you take the stem into your mouth, as well as if you eat the seeds - they are similar to dill. There are cases when children mistake hemlock for angelica, from which whistles are made. Hemlock contains a poison similar to curare poison or nicotine, causing depression and paralysis of parts of the central nervous system. Death occurs a few hours after poisoning. Hemlock was used in ancient times as a deadly poison.
Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, drooling, difficulty swallowing, speech, pale skin, dilated pupils. Characteristic is ascending paralysis with lower limbs until loss of skin sensitivity. Choking may cause breathing to stop. Juice upon contact with skin causes dermatitis.

Lobel's Hellebore

Euphorbia Waldsten

Tall perennial with pungent white milky sap. The flowers are small yellow-olive. Grows on steppe slopes, forest edges, and meadows. The whole plant is poisonous, especially the roots.
Upon contact with skin, the milky sap causes severe inflammation, abscesses, and is dangerous if it gets into the eyes. Ingestion of the seeds can be fatal. Main symptoms: nausea, tongue swelling, colitis. In severe cases - fainting, breathing problems, convulsions. Causes intoxication in animals. Buys milk from a cow pink color and becomes toxic.
Euphorbia has anthelmintic properties, honey plant, good food for rabbits.

Poisonous buttercup

Annual with small yellow flowers. Grows in damp places. The ground part is poisonous. Famous popular name all buttercups - “night blindness”, associated with the effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, causing severe pain and temporary blindness.
The juice from the leaves may cause skin burns. When ingested, a strong burning sensation is felt in the mouth, throat, and stomach. Excessive saliva and nausea appear. In severe cases - convulsions, confusion.
Buttercup is a honey plant, its seeds are food for wild animals, and some people use them as a seasoning in national dishes.

May lily of the valley

Perennial with small white flowers. Grows in coniferous and deciduous forests. The entire plant is poisonous, including the fruits - red berries. The poisonous effect of lily of the valley is similar to foxglove. It contains poisons that seriously impair the functioning of the heart. They also irritate the mucous membranes gastrointestinal tract, cause diarrhea, increase urination. The raven eye has similar poisonous properties.
Known deaths after drinking the water in which the lilies of the valley stood. Poisoning of ducks and geese that pecked at lilies of the valley has been recorded. But foxes and wolves can eat them without harm, using them as an anthelmintic.

Veh (hemlock)

Tall perennial with large leaves and white flowers in umbels. With the smell of parsley. Grows along marshy river banks and swampy meadows.
The entire plant is poisonous, especially the rhizome. 20 minutes after the poison enters the stomach, headache, vomiting, and abdominal pain develop. Characterized by a feeling of coldness in the body, imbalance. As poisoning progresses, copious amounts of saliva, tongue paralysis, and convulsions are observed. Death can occur from respiratory arrest within an hour due to acute cardiovascular failure. Veh is toxic to animals.
For all its toxic properties, this plant is used in homeopathy as a honey plant.

Natalya Khobotkina