Innovation policy as an element of regional development. Abstract: Innovation policy

03.08.2019

Innovation policy is designed to ensure an increase in the country's gross domestic product through the development of the production of fundamentally new types of products and technologies, as well as the expansion of sales markets for domestic goods on this basis.

In this regard, the main directions of state innovation policy include:

1. Development and improvement of legal and regulatory support innovation activity, mechanisms for its stimulation, a system of institutional reforms, protection of intellectual property in the innovation sphere and its introduction into economic circulation.

2. Creation of a system of comprehensive support for innovation, production development, increasing competitiveness and export of high-tech products. In the process of intensifying innovation activity, it is necessary to involve not only the authorities government controlled, commercial structures, financial and credit institutions, but also public organizations both at the federal and regional levels.

3. Development of the infrastructure of the innovation process, including an information support system, an examination system, a financial and economic system, production and technological support, a system of certification and promotion of developments, a system of training and retraining of personnel. The backlog that has accumulated over many years is not based on the low potential of domestic research and development, but on the weak infrastructure of innovation activities and the lack of motivation of commodity producers to implement innovations as a way of competition. This leads to a lack of demand for the potential of domestic applied science and technology.

4. Development of small innovative entrepreneurship by creating favorable conditions for the formation and successful functioning of small high-tech organizations and providing them with state support for initial stage activities.

5. Improving the competitive system for selecting innovative projects and programs. The implementation of relatively small and quickly payback innovative projects in sectors of the economy with the participation of private investors and with government support will make it possible to support the most promising industries and organizations and increase the influx of private investment into them.

6. Implementation of critical technologies and priority areas that can transform the relevant sectors of the economy of the country and its regions. The key task of the formation and implementation of innovation policy is the selection of a relatively small number of the most important basic technologies that have a decisive impact on increasing production efficiency and competitiveness of products in economic sectors and ensuring the transition to a new technological structure.

7. Use of dual-use technologies. Such technologies will be used both for the production of weapons and military equipment, and for civilian products.

1. An important role in the complex of proposed measures is played by institutional transformations (privatization, creation of financial and industrial groups, demonopolization in the innovation sphere, small business and others), aimed at creating a market infrastructure and contributing to the activation of innovation activities, ensuring the growth of production of competitive products and the development of high technologies.

2. For these purposes, it is necessary, in accordance with the legislation, to provide for the creation of innovation centers in the regions, which will ensure coordination of interaction and support for participants in innovation activities.

3. The implementation of the main stages of innovation activity, starting from the transformation of scientific and technical developments into an innovative product attractive to investors, manufacturers and buyers, and ending with their development in production, requires expanding the network of technology parks, business incubators, innovation and technology centers in those regions of Russia where the infrastructure that ensures the activation of the innovation process is concentrated.

Regional scientific and technological policy is understood as a set of established goals and priorities for the development of scientific and innovative policy. Activities in the region, ways and means of achieving them based on the interaction of regional and federal government bodies. The basis for the formation of regional innovation policy is as follows:
called the theory of creating favorable environmental conditions for innovation. Its central point is the dynamic efficiency of the regional production structure, and the main tool is the creation of local synergies, transfer of innovations and technologies (the so-called technology transfer). The development and implementation of regional innovation policy is not an end in itself. It is aimed at increasing the contribution of the scientific and innovation sphere to the country's scientific and technological progress, to the regional economy, and improving the socio-economic indicators of the region through the effective use of its innovative potential.

Regional innovation policy, presented in the form of a program, contains the following sections:

1. Analysis of the state of the scientific and innovation sphere in order to identify the level and degree of use of innovative potential; prospects and directions of innovation activity, its scale and impact on the competitiveness of the region’s products; structural and institutional changes; conditions for increasing innovative activity.

2. Goals and priorities for the development of scientific and innovative activities in the region. The system and structure of goals should be developed based on the following principles:

Regional goals should follow from the general concept of scientific and technological development of the country and not contradict strategic federal goals;

Regional goals should be formulated taking into account the specifics and needs of the region;

The goals of the regional program should not be based on the availability of resources and capabilities; on the contrary, the resource program should be formed from established goals;

The specific development of the structure of goals and the target program as a whole should be carried out at the level of modern techniques with the widespread use of independent experts and a system of expert assessments;

International scientific and technical cooperation;

State (federal) programs for accelerating scientific and technological progress;

The actual regional (municipal) policy for the development of scientific and technical potential; - individual industrial enterprises and scientific institutions of state and municipal ownership;

Individual privatization industrial and scientific-technical firms;

In relation to specific scientific teams (groups) and individual scientists independently solving priority scientific and technical problems.

The ranks of goals at the listed levels of regional innovation policy are established in the system of long-term and short-term planning and forecasting of regional socio-economic development.

The most realistic approach to choosing priorities for the development of the innovation sphere can be considered to be an approach focused on global criteria for scientific and technical progress and the development of high technologies.

The second general guideline in choosing priorities is scientifically innovative development is to achieve the goals of its socio-economic development. The main task of regional government bodies is to create a favorable economic environment and conditions for increasing investment activity in the scientific and innovation sphere.

The third point: innovation policy in the region should be selective, strictly selective, not trying to cover all areas of scientific and technological development, but, choosing narrow fields of strategic breakthrough in which it is possible to achieve or exceed the world technological level, concentrate the bulk of the limited resources on these fields centralized and regional resources.

The fourth point: the priorities of regional scientific, technical and innovation policy need to be oriented towards deconcentrating scientific potential, turning it towards the urgent needs of integrated development and self-sufficiency of the regions, and forming a network of technopolises and science cities.

Each region has its own specific reproductive, sectoral and technological structure, its own system of priorities and must count on own strength and resources in implementing this strategy. However, in a transition economy, there are usually few or no such forces and resources, so federal innovation programs are needed aimed at providing start-up assistance in the technological transformation of regions, the development of innovation infrastructure, personnel training, etc.

Fifth point: Russia cannot stand aside from global scientific and technological progress. It would be detrimental to her future. It is necessary to actively engage in the global scientific community and the global technological market, find niches in it and develop them, change the priorities and specifics of foreign economic relations, gradually shifting the center of gravity from fuel and raw materials to high-tech markets.

Finally, and most importantly, it is necessary to form a civilized market mechanism for the implementation of selective scientific and technological policy. We are talking, first of all, about an innovative motivational mechanism, economic support for innovative activity.

World experience shows that the regionalization of innovation policy, which began in the early 80s, is the most important trend in its development at the present stage. In modern conditions, for any country, the most important condition for sustainable development is its internal organization, including the ability of both individual regions and the country as a whole to quickly respond to changes in internal and external conditions, to carry out rapid adaptation through a huge arsenal of innovation policy tools. The importance of regionalization of innovation policy is due to the nature of innovative development of the world economy, where knowledge-intensive production dominates. The ability to constantly update products through the introduction of new technologies begins to play a decisive role in strengthening the competitive position of a nation in the world market. As a result, a large role is given to small and medium-sized businesses. In such an economy, local alliances of scientists, entrepreneurs and local administration are a significant factor in achieving market success.

In addition, a condition for high competitiveness and sustainability of many countries in the world market is the deepening of industrial and trade specialization. Therefore, to increase the competitiveness of the country’s economy as a whole, it is necessary to focus individual species production in regions with comparative advantages. This will not only make it possible to achieve “one-time” success in the market, but also provides opportunities for reorienting sales markets and developing new technologies.

An important reason for strengthening the role of regional innovative development is that in modern world the success of innovation policy largely depends on the extent to which new knowledge is generated depending on the nature of the tasks in the implementation of economic development plans for the region. The spatial proximity of the creators of “intellectual capital”, “technological resources” and business is critical for the success of innovation.

In addition, the regionalization of innovation policy is updated by the uneven and even polar distribution of scientific, technical and innovation potential across the country. This is typical for all countries of the world without exception, but especially for Russia. It is appropriate to note here that the uneven development of innovative potential is objective. All regions should not have equality here. However, modern global trend lies in the fact that regions and specific territories in developed countries of the world are still increasing scientific and innovative potential, creating favorable conditions for attracting intellectual resources to the territorial economic complex. At the same time, in our regions for last decade Since the liberal reforms, significant losses have occurred, which has significantly undermined the regional potential in the scientific and innovation spheres. In our country, unevenness has taken its extreme form, the form of polarization of innovative potential, and this is already a dangerous trend.

Table 1.1. Distribution of scientific and innovative parameters of Russia's development by federal districts, 2003.

Federal District	Organizations performing R&D	R&D personnel,	Internal R&D costs, million rubles.	R&D fixed assets	Innovation-active organizations	Volume of innovative products shipped,
Central
from it: Moscow
Northwestern
Saint Petersburg

Privolzhsky
Ural
Siberian
Far Eastern

In the domestic literature, there is no single point of view on such concepts as “regional scientific and technological policy”, “regional innovation policy”.

In some works, regional scientific and technological policy is considered as general direction development of science and technology, providing for the solution of economic and social problems that ensure the highest rates of development and efficiency of social production in the Federation and the region, the solution of national economic and regional scientific and scientific-technical problems in the direction of specialization of the scientific complex of the region.

Regional scientific and technical policy from an economic point of view can be considered as a set of socio-economic relations between regional authorities and subjects of scientific and technical activity located in a given territory regarding the creation, transformation and use of innovations to update all industries based on balancing the interests of all participants in scientific, technical and innovative activities, as well as federal-level entities.

Under regional innovation policy is understood as a system of legal, economic, organizational, political measures aimed at developing economic potential and improving the quality of life of the population of a particular territory through relevant innovations, especially in the scientific and technical field.

In some studies, regional scientific and innovation policy is understood as a set of established goals and priorities for the development of scientific and innovative activities in the region, ways and means of achieving them based on the interaction of regional and federal government bodies. This is a formulation of the directions and how the issues of development of the scientific and innovation sphere in the region should be resolved.

Analysis of the above definitions of the essence of regional innovation policy allows us to conclude that when developing a definition of regional innovation policy, the following points should be taken into account.

Firstly, the innovative activity of the region is simultaneously part of two systems, namely the innovation sphere of the country and the socio-economic sphere of the region and, therefore, is influenced by both federal and regional governing bodies of the relevant systems. Therefore, its effective development is determined by the constructive interaction of the controls of these two systems.

Secondly, regional innovation policy should be an integral part of the state’s economic policy.

Regional innovation policy, in comparison with the national one, has a number of distinctive features. One of them is related to its clearer focus on solving specific socio-economic problems of its region. The clearer economic and social orientation of regional innovation policy, in contrast to the policy of the federal government, is confirmed by the following data. Thus, almost a third of spending on science from territorial budgets goes to the implementation of industrial projects, and half of them are related to the creation of software products. Much higher shares in comparison with the structure of federal budget allocations are noted for research and development in the field of construction (9.7%); light (8.8%) and food (6.7%) industries; transport (6.3%); local industry (1.8%). In addition, a quarter of the budget funds allocated by the regions for science are occupied by social programs, primarily on health protection (14.2%) and the environment (5.8%); development of education, social protection of the population, culture and recreation, solving other social problems (4.3%). (Figure 1.1).

Rice. 1.1. Structure of expenditures on science from territorial budgets

The most important feature is the formation of an innovation policy aimed at reforming the structure of the regional industrial system towards knowledge-intensive industries. For example, the Government Saratov region considers the goal of pursuing a targeted innovation policy in the region to stimulate the introduction of high-tech technologies and the development of the production of competitive high-tech products. With this, it will be possible to achieve the full realization of the region’s intellectual and industrial potential to achieve technological leadership.

Another feature is the greater focus of regional budgets on program-targeted financing of research and development and programmatic solutions to key problems in the development of the territorial economies. For example, three quarters of the funds allocated for science in the constituent entities of the federation are aimed at implementing their own scientific and technical programs; another 9-12% comes from programs financed jointly with federal ministries and departments, and only 8-10% goes to support subordinate organizations.

Another important feature of innovation policy in a particular region is related to the fact that the authorities of the constituent entities of the federation began to actively reorient the existing scientific potential to solve key problems of the socio-economic development of a particular territory.

We can highlight the key directions for the formation and implementation of scientific, technical and innovation policy in the constituent entities of the federation. These include the following activities.

Firstly, the development and adoption of a legislative framework on scientific, technical and innovative activities, scientific and innovation policy and the regulation of these issues by regulatory acts of the administration. To date, relevant laws have been adopted in most regions of the Russian Federation.

Secondly, the creation of an organizational and legal mechanism for interaction between government bodies and developers and consumers of scientific and technical products, aimed at intensifying research work and introducing their results into production through a system of economic levers and benefits.

Thirdly, the development of priorities for scientific and technical activities, both with a focus on existing scientific and technical potential, and the formation of a list of promising technologies related to new directions in the development of science and technology.

Fourthly, the formation of regional organizational structures for managing scientific and technical activities. To date, such structures operate in many regions of the Russian Federation. However, the nature of their activities is traditionally associated with issues of vocational and general education, and only in a few subjects of the federation are they focused on a close connection with the problems of the real sector of the economy.

From all of the above, we can conclude that the role of regional innovation policy is difficult to exaggerate. It has its own characteristics applicable to each specific region. The need for its development is determined by the current socio-economic situation in the country.

Abaev A.L., Candidate of Economic Sciences.

An objective continuation of the state scientific and innovation policy is its regional component. Innovation processes are increasingly difficult to manage only at the national level. National boundaries in innovation processes are being erased, transnational corporations are breaking up the value chain and placing its individual elements where they find local advantages. In the context of globalization, the region becomes a natural economic area. In this regard, regional authorities must create the necessary conditions and supporting institutions that will make the region attractive for foreign investment and keep global corporations on their territory. Competitive advantages of regions can be created purposefully. The main specificity of the processes of formation of a new post-industrial structure in the economy is such that it pushes for some redistribution of roles between the center and the regions, shifting the center of gravity of economic growth in favor of the latter. As the role of the state changes, the importance of the regional level of innovation policy increases. Regional innovation policy is aimed at solving a number of problems, including:

assistance to regions in the formation and implementation of effective innovation policies and support for innovative businesses;
identification and dissemination of “best practices” in the field of creation, management and support of innovation infrastructure as elements of a regional innovation system;
formation and testing of models of interaction between innovative infrastructure organizations and innovative business;
development of international relations of innovative business and regional innovation structures.

The expected results of such interaction may be: the creation of effective regional systems for supporting innovative entrepreneurship (including venture funds, transfer centers, etc.) and the use of innovative potential; development of effective regional policies that contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of innovative entrepreneurship and the creation of innovative infrastructure; expanding the range and improving the quality of innovation infrastructure; development of an effective organizational and economic mechanism for interaction between participants in the innovation process and the regional economy as a whole.

As a result of the implementation of socio-economic transformations in Russia, the region as a territorial entity received the status of a subject of the Russian Federation, endowed with its own competence, rights, duties and responsibilities enshrined in the Constitution of the country and the relevant fundamental laws autonomous republics, charters of districts, territories, regions, federal agreement. The legislative definition of regions as subjects of the Russian Federation means recognizing them as independent economic units with equal opportunities and the same organizational and legal status (region as an economic enterprise).

Since the use of innovations provides a monopolistic high entrepreneurial income, local authorities are interested in increasing the level of regional scientific and innovative potential and intensifying innovation activities.

Regional innovation policy is an integral part of the economic policy of regional authorities to create favorable conditions for trade and production, agro-industrial, construction and industrial and scientific and production integration of all institutional forms of management. Regional economic, and therefore innovation policy, is largely determined by the economic structure of the region, in which structure-forming enterprises, i.e., are of key importance. such enterprises that form the revenue side of the regional budget, bringing the region the main share of foreign exchange earnings, directly determining social stability in the region as a result of the involvement of a significant number of labor resources in production activities.

For the stable economic development of regions, the real situation and prospects of enterprises are important, characterized by indicators of the dynamics of product output (provision of services), the dynamics of the wage fund and the number of employees, the dynamics of prices for similar products, solvency and efficiency of production and sales of products, its competitiveness, the possibility of attracting external , including foreign ones, investors, etc.

Creating conditions for scientific and industrial integration ensures a close technological relationship between research and development organizations in the region and manufacturing enterprises. The focus of R&D should be primarily related to the production capabilities of the region, using scientific and innovative potential and infrastructure. It is advisable for regional authorities to coordinate the activities of the academic, university and industrial sectors of science, repurposing them to solve practical problems of restructuring the regional economy, including for the purpose of expanding exports, import substitution, and the formation of a regional economic complex that has its own specialization in a single national market.

Territorial (regional) innovation programs and projects that correspond to the priorities of territorial development and are the basis of the organizational and economic mechanism of scientific and innovation policy are of utmost importance for the implementation of methods for regional regulation of innovation processes.

A regional innovation support program is a document containing a set of main projects and activities, the implementation of which is aimed at developing competitive industries and technologies, using local natural resources, production and labor potential, improving environmental situation, creation of product and technological innovations, etc.

In its entirety, the concept of “innovative activity in the region” includes all types of scientific activity, design, design, technological, experimental developments, and other work aimed at implementing innovation in social practice. In addition to them, the scope of the concept of “innovation activity in the region” includes activities to master innovations in production and from their consumers - the implementation of innovations. In a generalized view, innovation activity is an expedient change, transformation of various aspects public life, including the transformation of social production, updating its technological structure in order to make a profit or achieve a social result. In the latter case, the concept of “innovation activity” is considered in close connection with marketing and investment activities.

As a result, innovation activity turns into a process aimed at implementing innovation policy through the functioning of innovation systems. Based on the territorial understanding of the effectiveness of innovation systems, we note that they operate both at the transnational and national levels, and at the regional level. In the modern world, two trends are emerging: innovation processes that are increasingly becoming transnational, on the one hand, and the emergence of regional or local innovation systems, on the other.

The influence of the state on the development of innovation systems is still very great. In all countries, government decisions affecting innovation continue to be planned and implemented at the national level. In almost all areas related to innovation in one way or another, nation state is still the main regulating and initiating force.

At the same time, the regional aspect is becoming increasingly important in innovation processes. Regionalization of innovation activities is closely related to the process of globalization. Thus, Ohmae argues that in a world where borders are increasingly disappearing, where companies are increasingly free to move their production activities around the world, the region is a "natural" economic area. Another factor contributing to the development of regional innovation systems is the need to create competitive advantages for large corporations. Thanks to intense global competition, companies are breaking down their value chains into separate functions and placing them wherever they can find specific local advantages. New transportation and information technologies serve global manufacturing organizations and innovation processes. Authorities must adapt the globalization strategies of companies by creating supportive conditions and establishing special organizations and institutions that make the region attractive for foreign investment, but also keep companies on their territory.

With the transformation from a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy, natural resources are losing their importance as a competitive advantage, while developed infrastructure, a highly skilled workforce and effective supporting institutions are becoming more important. This means that competitive advantages can be created deliberately in the region.

Scholars emphasize the importance of interaction and communication in innovation processes, citing geographic proximity as key advantage regional economies. While there is no doubt that a national system contains greater diversity of knowledge, supporting common (cumulative) learning processes, this will not lead to innovation if proximity is insufficient to support communication. Context-sensitive, tacit knowledge, a key component of innovation processes, is better transferred through frequent and repeated face-to-face interactions; they cannot be transmitted across time and space independently of the “knowing subject.”

Thus, we can note the following advantages of the regional level of innovation processes compared to the national one:

the joint presence of many different types of manufacturers offering specialized services in a timely and flexible manner in response to requests;
learning effects caused by the involvement of regional producers in transnational networks;
the emergence of local labor pools with a concentration of specific skills and forms of training;
cultural and institutional infrastructure that constantly emerges in and around industrial clusters and which is often very important for the effective operation of a single local socio-economic system;
development of networks of trust between regional economic participants.

Under the influence of global processes, Russian innovation policy is beginning to change. However, the intellectual potential of the regions and the ability to transform it into various forms of capital are still far from being fully used today. Judging by the structure of Russian exports, then, for example, there are almost no production clusters in Russia now that are competitive on the world market. One of the goals of transforming organizational forms of innovation activity, economic relations in the scientific and innovation sphere and its management is to create conditions in the regions for its maximum activation.

From the point of view of the interests of the region, the innovation process is carried out in close unity with the environment: its direction, pace, goals depend on the socio-economic environment in which it operates and develops. In this case, it is strategically important to understand that the innovation process is carried out not as a one-time action, but as a continuous course of development, qualitative improvement in any area practical activities, affecting the entire regional economy and society. In order to ensure the development of innovative activities, authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation must:

carry out the preparation and implementation of regional programs for the development of innovative activities at the expense of funds from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
take part in the implementation of federal programs, projects and events for the development of innovative activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
create the necessary conditions for the development of infrastructure to support innovation activities on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
coordinate at the regional level the activities of infrastructure organizations for supporting innovation activities to implement measures provided for by regional programs for the development of innovation activities;
take measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of subjects of innovation activity on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
provide assistance to local governments in the development and implementation of programs for the development of innovative activities;
resolve other issues in the field of development of innovation activities that fall within their competence.

It is to fulfill these and other tasks of innovative development that a regional innovation policy (RIP) is being formed.

Regional innovation policy is a relatively independent area of economic policy associated with the need to solve strategic problems in transforming Russia into a truly federal state and transferring its economy to an innovative path of development.

In a narrowly targeted sense, RIP usually refers to the activities of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation to determine and achieve the goals of the innovation strategy for their territories. At the same time, RIP is interpreted as a process aimed at implementing the results of completed scientific research, development and other scientific and technical achievements in a new or improved product sold on the market, in a new or improved technological process used in economic activities. In accordance with this, the political, economic, informational and institutional prerequisites and conditions necessary for the formation and implementation of RIP are identified. The main tool is usually the software method of managing innovation activities in the region. At the same time, approaches are used to ensure the coordination of the interests of business entities in a given territory with the goals of its economic and social development generally.

In a broader context, RIP is an integral organic part of the state scientific and technical policy, which is a set of socio-economic relations of the state and its structures at various levels with economic entities regarding the creation, transformation and use of innovations to update all spheres of people’s lives based on a balance of interests all participants in scientific, technological and innovation processes. RIP, as well as state scientific and technical policy in general, is closely related to structural, industrial, investment, etc. the policy of the state and its bodies, called upon, in accordance with their main economic functions, to take care of the creation of the structure economic systems and institutional conditions for their functioning and development.

The regional scientific and innovation policy prescribes the institutional foundations for the creation and functioning of the region's scientific and innovation complex. The problems of forming the institutional structure of the region's scientific and innovation complex are primarily related to the legislative consolidation of the relationship between the powers of the center and the periphery in the field of scientific and technological policy, which regulates the legal regime that determines the development of new economic relations in the field of innovation, and is implemented through scientific, technical and innovation politics. General guidelines on this issue have been affected by some legal acts, however, a real legal framework may appear with the adoption of the specified Federal Law “On State Innovation Policy”, which will allow the distribution of powers between three (at least) levels of government: federal, joint (Federation and subjects of the Federation ) and the level of the subjects of the Federation.

The process of forming a regional science and innovation policy is gaining momentum. The need to manage scientific and technological development led to the creation of appropriate organizational units in the structure of regional management; in general, regional systems for supporting scientific and technical activities were formed, with their own organizational structure and financial mechanism. Today, in the regions of Russia, the process of formation of an innovation direction in the very mechanism of public administration, the formation of a system of institutions for scientific and innovation policy, is gaining momentum. Their main task is to coordinate national and regional innovation interests and the interests of subjects in the scientific and innovation sphere.

Let us outline some of the powers of regional management structures that determine the functioning of the innovation sphere:

giving additional functions to structures that previously regulated certain aspects of scientific and innovative activity. For example, the bodies that oversaw regional science are tasked with assessing the innovative potential of scientific research and allocating funds for relevant commercialization projects;
inclusion of structures that previously had no direct relation to science and innovation in the regulation of the scientific and innovation sphere. For example, labor protection authorities, antimonopoly regulation, small business development;
unification of structures reflecting integration processes in the scientific and innovation sphere. For example, regulation of scientific, technical and industrial development within one structure.

However, the emerging organizational management structures and mechanisms for regulating innovation activities have not yet had a tangible impact on regional development. In this regard, the urgent task is to increase the efficiency of existing mechanisms and regional methods for managing scientific, technical and innovative activities.

The main mechanism for implementing regional innovation policy in the analyzed period was regional target programs (RTP), and the main source of financing was regional innovation funds. The experience of forming and implementing RCPs has shown that the institutional environment of the regions is not yet conducive to the implementation of programmatic methods of working with innovations. And local authorities do not have modern methods and tools for analyzing and forecasting scientific and technical progress, which reduces the effectiveness of the selection, preparation and implementation of innovative projects and programs.

The most important condition for the successful implementation of regional research and innovation policy is appropriate financial support. Currently, the main financial sources are regional innovation funds, which are formed through mandatory contributions from enterprises that are in regional (municipal) ownership. The funds are used for technical re-equipment and modernization of existing enterprises, reconstruction of buildings, engineering and transport communications; financing of work on the development of new types of high-tech products. One of the problems of creating and implementing innovations at regional enterprises is that there is no mechanism for financing scientific organizations to carry out exploratory research and development work at the expense of local innovation funds, since there are practically no such funds. Therefore, in order to carry out an effective innovation policy in the regions, it is necessary to improve the financial mechanism, and first of all, the procedure for the formation and use of innovation funds.

Currently, the organizational structure of STP management in the regions is being formed: scientific and technical councils, departments are being created, or staff units are being introduced that are responsible for coordinating, monitoring and auditing the innovative development of enterprises and organizations. At the same time, scientific and technical councils have not yet been created in all regions, and the existing ones do not always manifest themselves as an active coordinating element of innovation activity.

Regional innovation policy involves creating favorable conditions for the formation of an innovation climate. These include the systematization and effective use of information resources, their integration into the global information space and entry into the market of information services based on the development and implementation of technologies for high-performance processing, storage and transmission of data over telecommunication networks, as well as the creation of databases and knowledge banks.

Thus, the main directions of innovation policy common to all regions should be:

effective use of local innovation funds to solve regional problems and update fixed production assets of enterprises on a new technological basis;
strengthening the use of administrative resources to solve problems of innovative development;
promoting the development of innovation infrastructure, including through entrepreneurship support funds;
development of program-targeted financing of innovative projects of enterprises and organizations in the region, reflecting its problems, by improving the system of concentration of investment resources and the mechanism for selecting investment objects;
financing from the regional budget of the most significant research projects and programs of leading research institutes and universities in the regions;
organizing and monitoring the scientific and innovative potential of the regions in order to increase the effectiveness of scientific and technical regional policy.

The fundamental basis for the formation economic fundamentals regional innovation programs and projects are:

introduction of joint (equity) public-commercial financing;
a combination of direct government funding with indirect government economic support in the form of benefits;
development of an insurance procedure and the establishment of guarantees on the part of government bodies, including regional ones;
development of procedures for the activities of authorized banks or companies for financing and control over the expenditure of funds;
development of rules for the preparation, assessment, implementation, control by state-authorized structures over the implementation of priority programs and projects, including on the basis of independent expertise.

Financial support for innovation activity in the region is the establishment of sources of financing provided by various objects and operating in different economic forms, as well as financing entities operating on the basis of an organizational and technological scheme that determines their interaction with objects and sources of financing. Sources of financing for innovation activities can be budget financing from extra-budgetary funds, indirect financing (through benefits), commercial venture financing.

Subjects of financing scientific activities can be federal legislative and executive bodies, representative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation, the Russian Academy of Sciences, extra-budgetary funds for financing scientific activities, commercial structures (banks, investment, innovative and other financial funds and institutions), public organizations (academies , associations), funds and firms for venture financing of scientific activities, infrastructure institutions for scientific activities, financial and industrial groups, international and foreign structures and projects, commercial economic units.

At the same time, large financial entities engaged in the reconstruction and development of the region in the long term, as well as integrated scientific and production complexes, which are the main subject of financing innovation, are highlighted.

Innovation policy represents the development of strategic goals for the development of innovation and tasks for the mobilization, preservation and development of innovative potential, taking into account socio-economic prospects and the current situation and the means and ways to achieve them.

The state's innovation policy at the federal and regional levels - design, creation and stimulation of the use of organizational and economic relations, structures and infrastructure of innovation activity - among others, includes the following priorities:

giving an innovative focus to the development of applied science, focusing on the transition to a new technological and social structure, as well as creating an innovative spirit in society and the lifestyle of the regional population;
transformation of the sphere of innovation based on increasing its regional competitiveness, i.e. consistent reflection of intellectual property in the formation of organizational and economic relations in the field of innovation;
orientation of the innovation sphere towards increasing the efficiency of industrial policy, maintaining leading positions in the economy, ensuring economic security regions and the country as a whole.

The general task of transforming the sphere of innovation, taking into account regional policy, is to develop the functions inherent in science - cultural, educational, applied. Next, it becomes possible to stretch the chain from science to the tasks of regional development through the formation of technological, innovative and entrepreneurial infrastructure.

The implementation of scientific and innovation policy in the region includes the process of forming tasks and corresponding programs to ensure solutions to complex problems of socio-economic development of the region on the basis of its innovation potential, necessary for the development of infrastructure for innovation activities, making decisions on state and regional support for the implementation of innovation programs, including the consolidation of financial resources from all sources and in all forms, creating for these purposes appropriate financial structures, primarily funds.

Innovation policy is implemented in the form of certain measures of state and regional support, and in general by creating a favorable innovation climate, increasing innovation susceptibility and creating innovative readiness of the regions.

To implement innovation policy and implement state and regional support measures, carry out innovation management functions - forecasting, financing, stimulation, control and operational regulation - to the extent necessary for issuing relevant regulations, providing program management, carrying out information activities, coordinating with others tasks of regional policy, regional bodies for managing scientific activities are needed.

The process of forming the institutional environment of the scientific and innovative sphere, especially at the regional level, occurs in close interaction with the sociocultural environment represented by governing bodies and authorities, subjects of scientific, technical and innovative activities, public organizations, consumers of their services and the population. These interactions are complex, multilateral in nature. Various social groups, defining their interests, focused on a specific problem, form a certain level public consciousness, which reflects the degree of influence of the social environment on institutional development. At the same time, RNIP makes it possible to solve problems of social support for science.

Regional scientific and innovation policy creates real opportunities to ensure the effectiveness of social and economic transformations in the region.

The basis of the modern mechanism for increasing the competitiveness of the country and specific regions is the innovative model of economic development. This model represents a multifunctional and complex interaction system different levels managing the intensification of innovation and investment activities, constant adaptation to the external environment and increasing the efficiency of use of material, intellectual and financial resources.

The implementation of an innovative model for increasing the competitiveness of the country and regions involves the formation of an organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring such competitiveness. This mechanism includes organizational and economic management at the regional level, the market factor in the functioning of the regional economy, forms and methods of regulating processes of increasing competitiveness at the macro, meso and mega levels, which together determine the final results of the economy of the country (region) and the level of consumer satisfaction in goods and services.

The scientific literature generally identifies both the elements of such a mechanism and their interrelation within the innovation process.

The first element of the mechanism is managing the increase in the level of competitiveness of the country's economy (and, accordingly, the goods and services produced) at the micro level.

The second element of the mechanism is market self-regulation of the competitiveness of enterprises and regions, which is aimed at constantly maintaining the competitiveness of manufactured products based on the laws of the market.

The third element of the mechanism - macroeconomic state regulation of competitiveness - is the activity of the state aimed at constantly maintaining and increasing the competitiveness of manufactured domestic goods.

The fourth element of the mechanism is regulation of the competitiveness of enterprises and goods at the meso level, the difference from regulation at the macro level lies in the scale of regulation. At the meso level, it is carried out within a particular region or industry, based on its (or her) characteristics. Mesofactors of competitiveness are factors that characterize the development features of a region or industry.

The fifth element of the mechanism is the regulation of competitiveness at the mega level, which is based on international competition and cooperation between countries aimed at maintaining and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises and their products. Megafactors of enterprise competitiveness are factors and trends of global development. The main one is the globalization of the world economy, leading to tougher competition in both global and domestic markets, requiring states to increase the openness of their economies.

The need for interconnection of all the above elements in the formation of competitiveness at all levels is obvious. At the same time, despite the importance of competitiveness for the development of innovation, it is not enough to activate the processes of introducing innovations in practice. It is necessary to create a truly functioning organizational and economic mechanism for innovation.

The problems of the development and operation of such a mechanism are currently not sufficiently developed in the domestic scientific literature.

At the same time, one cannot help but note the increasing number of studies examining the problems of innovative development and individual components of such a mechanism, aimed at activating the process of introducing innovations to the market.

However, the concept of the organizational and economic mechanism of innovation policy, which would link different levels of innovation activity into a single process, namely: entrepreneurial, regional, regional-district and federal, is still missing in Russia at present.

At the same time, there is an obvious need for in-depth scientific research into the processes of formation and functioning of this system. The scientific and practical tasks of forming a scientific and innovation policy aimed at activating the innovation process not only at the level of entrepreneurial structures and (or) the business community as a whole, but also at other levels, are related to the efficiency of the functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism. That is, such a mechanism should expand the understanding of innovation activity not only as an innovative business, but also as a factor in the development of the economy of the country as a whole and its regions. Such a system of mechanisms of innovation activity represents an organizational and economic mechanism. And its application is a factor and condition for the formation of scientific and innovation policy, including at the regional level.

At the same time, it is clear that such a mechanism should ensure the possibility of interaction between innovatively active enterprises and regions within the framework of a unified state scientific and innovation policy.

Based on the foregoing, we will define the organizational and economic mechanism of scientific and innovation policy as a form of implementation of innovative activities at various levels with the formation of appropriate infrastructure, the use of scientific, educational, production and organizational potentials, the provision of necessary resources and the development of incentive and regulation levers.

Moreover, within the framework of the general organizational and economic mechanism, there is a complex of mechanisms that perform various specific functions. Moreover, this complex is not closed, and the emergence of new mechanisms is a natural event caused by both a change in the stages of development and the possibility of their use in different conditions. Such mechanisms should form the functional support of both the economy as a whole and its individual components in accordance with market economic categories: demand, need, competition, resources, etc. In this case, functional support should be understood as legal, investment and organizational support. Legal support should create the possibility of scientific research and implementation of its results. The corresponding mechanism is designed to ensure the protection of scientific ideas and innovative products. The next element of functional support is the creation of conditions for efficiency and safety (naturally, within the framework of the market risk of investments) of investing in innovative activities with the aim of commercializing and introducing into production the results of scientific research.

Naturally, solving the problems of producing innovations and investing in the innovation process cannot be accomplished without appropriate organizational solutions. At the same time, the functional support mechanisms will be different depending on the level and stage of development of the innovation process. It is important to link the elements of functional support with the stages of development of scientific and innovation policy into one chain.

Note that this approach makes it possible to form a system of mechanisms, i.e. take into account all the possible set of mechanisms, but precisely as an open system. The latter means that the possibility of the emergence of new mechanisms within and outside the named groups and depending on the specific stage of the innovation process is quite likely.

As already noted, the organizational and economic mechanism operates at several levels, including: at the macro level, at the regional level, at the entrepreneurial level. At the macro level, the following (among others) tasks are solved: a state scientific and innovation strategy is formulated, a favorable innovation climate is created for the economy as a whole, and state innovation programs and projects are implemented. At the regional level, relevant tasks are tied to the characteristics of certain regions. Both macro- and regional levels create conditions for intensive innovation processes at the level of business structures. These innovative mechanisms are designed to ensure the implementation of federal and regional innovation strategies at the micro level and to direct entrepreneurial initiatives in line with innovation priorities.

Naturally, all of the above levels presuppose a certain consistency and consistency in the formation of scientific and innovation policy. At the same time, the entire system of innovation mechanisms and its practical implementation are designed to help strengthen the innovation component of the economy and actually transition to an innovative type of economic growth. This system innovation mechanisms emphasizes the inseparability of all components of the innovation process in the formation of scientific and innovation policy.

When forming innovation policy in our country, the creation of an organizational and economic mechanism at the regional level with a decisive role of competition is now of particular importance. Such a mechanism is intended to be supported by the state, firstly, by giving broad rights to regions to develop regional economies, and secondly, by taking special measures to support competition and designating priority support for innovative enterprises. The basis for a region’s competitiveness can be its innovation system as internal element organizational and economic mechanism of the scientific and innovation policy of the region, integrating the scientific, technical, technological, investment and human potentials of the region. In the modern economy, these components, closely interacting with each other and permeating the entire structure of the regional economy, become a kind of way of its functioning and development. Regional innovation activity is largely determined by the investment climate and the receptivity of the regional scientific and production system, i.e. the ability to effectively consume innovations by regional economic entities.

The level of innovative receptivity is determined by a complex of various economic, organizational, social and technological aspects. The most significant factors are determined by the development of social and economic relations; the presence of a competitive market mechanism; the development of the relevant infrastructure, as well as the management system and organizational structure of economic entities, the technological level of production, the level of qualifications and the prevailing motivation of personnel, etc.

The competitiveness of a region, based on an innovative path of development, is determined by a classic set of factors, but has its own specifics.

Basic factors of production - labor, land, natural resources, infrastructure and others - do not provide advantages on their own. Thus, the presence in the region of a large number of people with higher education and even academic degrees does not provide a competitive advantage in knowledge-intensive industries. To maintain competitive advantages, this factor must be highly specialized in relation to specific industries and enterprises of the region, which determine the competitiveness of the region, including creating an innovative perspective.
The state of domestic demand helps create competitive advantages if the corresponding segment of the economy turns out to be more visible than in markets external to the region. The region gains a competitive advantage in industries where domestic demand provides companies with clearer and earlier insight into emerging customer needs.

“Local” buyers help the competitiveness of “their” producers if their needs “anticipate” or even shape the needs of buyers in other regions. At the same time, it is clear that the formation of such a need for an innovative (i.e., new, unfamiliar to consumers) product is much easier within the framework of an enterprise - an innovator in the region. And the risks of failure can be minimized. And considering that only 20% of innovative products are successful in the market, minimizing risks is a very significant competitive advantage.

The third important component of regional competitiveness is the presence of related and (or) supporting industries in the region. This is most important from the point of view that regional related and (or) supporting enterprises provide modernization and innovation - competitive advantage is based on close partnerships. Enterprises located close to each other have the opportunity to ensure a constant and, most importantly, rapid exchange of ideas and innovations. In this case, internal competition provides similar benefits: information flows and the exchange of ideas (technical, technological, organizational) increase the speed of innovation.

In this case, it becomes possible to form strong regional clusters, which, in our opinion, today are the basis of the innovative and industrial potential of the regions.

In addition to all of the above, the competitiveness of a region depends on the conditions for business development existing in a given territory: the presence of a regional development strategy, legislative framework, support for certain industries and enterprises at the state (regional) level, etc.

In this sense, the need for innovative development of regions is defined not as a declaration of understanding of the importance of such an approach, but as actual support for innovative enterprises, innovators and the formation of an organizational and economic mechanism for the functioning of regional innovation systems.

Based on the need to form an organizational and economic mechanism, the goals and priorities for the development of innovative and industrial activities in the region are determined. They can be determined, firstly, on the basis of taking into account federal interests, established priorities of scientific and innovative activities and, secondly, the goals of the socio-economic development of the region.

Since the scientific solution of these problems requires considerable funds, and the region’s budget is limited by narrowed economic (production) activities, the activation of which often requires a technological restructuring of production, again associated with scientific and innovative activities, it turns out that, firstly, the deployment the latter acquires special significance in industrialized regions, and secondly, it becomes necessary to solve the problem of an initial external (not from the budget) injection of funds into the scientific and innovative sphere of the region as a factor in the structural restructuring of production to the level of the requirements of the world market and thereby ensuring sustainable growth in regional incomes budget.

Investment activity, and especially in the innovation and industrial sphere, depends on many factors. One of the main ones is the creation of a favorable economic environment. This may be the main task of regional government bodies at the present stage of development of market relations. The foundation for the formation of such an environment is formed by the existing socio-economic potential of the region (city): economic and geographical (transport situation, opportunity for recreation, tourism, etc.); natural resource (resource reserves, their quality, climatic conditions, etc.); demographic (population size, age and gender composition, dynamics of change, etc.); labor (educational, professional, qualification composition of the workforce, their employment, etc.); production (structure and volume of production, ownership structure, state of fixed assets, etc.); scientific (number and qualifications of personnel, size of fixed assets, etc.); social-infrastructural, etc.

However, the existing potential of the region can play the role of a factor in a favorable investment environment under one decisive condition, namely, if regional governments can create a mechanism that facilitates its use in line with the interests of potential domestic and foreign investors, for example, in the spirit of existing subsidies to entrepreneurs for creating new jobs . There may be other conditions that facilitate the realization of the region’s potential. Thus, along with production, trade, and financial competition, the competition of territories capable of creating attractive conditions for investors and fighting to attract capital for the implementation of innovative projects, the socio-economic recovery of the region, and improving the quality of life of its population is not excluded. This policy cannot fail to take into account the development of trends when leading firms in innovation and production activities become more sensitive to the socio-economic and natural environment and begin to invest in higher education institutions, the ecology and culture of their territory. These trends can also be appropriately reinforced by regional governments. In general terms, there is a problem of forming a mutually beneficial partnership territorial bodies, business entities and investors in realizing regional potential, including its scientific and innovative component in achieving socio-economic goals.

The problem of forming a competitive territorial environment is closely related to two major problems of means of achieving goals: 1) with the organization of regional horizontal connections in carrying out complex research in the region, jointly leveraging the potential of organizations and institutions from different sectors of the “science and scientific services” industry in the development of complex and voluminous scientific research -innovative projects and 2) with the development of a mechanism for applying economic management methods leading to maximizing the effect in supporting priority areas of science and production.

The listed general statements of goals and possible priorities acquire specific content for a given region for periods of up to one or two years - short-term targets, up to five years - medium-term ones.

The underdevelopment of state regulation of the market economy in the country, imperfections in the field of structural, industrial and scientific and technical policies have affected domestic commodity production and its competitiveness. The process of ensuring regional competitiveness involves the development of an appropriate strategy that comprehensively and interconnectedly covers: industrial, investment, scientific, technical and foreign economic policy. The innovation policy strategy, its priorities and sources of resource support can be formed at two levels: federal and regional.

At the federal level, Russia’s strategic tasks are solved, funding is provided for those areas that smooth out the initial differences between regions during the initial period of transition to a predominantly innovative economy and contribute to the preservation of a single economic space.

At the regional level, it is very important to predetermine the movement of financial, labor and material resources towards promising industries and enterprises whose competitive potential is greatest. The implementation of such a policy will contribute to the creation of market specialization of regions and the implementation of such an important principle as the complementarity of regions.

All of the above suggests that currently the center of gravity of direct regulation of life support, solution of social problems, development of market economic relations is transferred to the regions and falls on local executive authorities.

Solving these problems is possible only if the competitiveness of the regional economy is ensured, and therefore deep structural transformations are inevitable, such as:

maintaining production at viable enterprises to maintain an acceptable level of supply of consumer goods, employment in the regional market, curbing the growth of social tension and preventing conflicts;
regulating the winding down of economically unpromising industries and providing the necessary selective assistance to priority (from the regional point of view) development areas and enterprises;
organization of work on the reorganization of enterprises based on the conceptual positions of the structural and investment policies of the region;
ensuring rational economic relations of enterprises in the region through the possible integration of the efforts of enterprises and various territorial entities (both within Russia and abroad);
creating conditions for the functioning of basic life support systems, preventing technological and environmental disasters, etc.;
support for entrepreneurship, especially small and medium-sized businesses that create new jobs and increase the supply of goods and services in the local market;
searching for potential investors, organizing the acceptance and effective use of foreign loans (especially in the field of recreational business, tourism), creating a favorable climate for foreign direct investment, and primarily in the sphere of material production;
the formation of a regional system of institutional investors, extra-budgetary sources capable of accumulating savings and effectively turning them into investments;
active promotion of goods from local exporters to foreign markets, participation in centralized export programs of the Federation;
development of tax levers to support innovation.

The resolution of many problems of the competitiveness of the regional economy is associated with the intensive involvement of both domestic and foreign capital and the selection of industries and production for priority financing. These industries and production must ensure a quick return on investment and should not depend on attracting additional labor resources to the region. The region's knowledge-intensive industries, which form the potential for innovative development, meet the above requirements to the greatest extent. The analysis shows that in general it is possible in Russia to achieve higher and more sustainable rates of economic growth based on increased competitiveness, diversification of the economic structure and implementation of institutional reforms both in the country and in the regions.

The most important priority is to further create a favorable institutional market environment in order to support competition, as well as stimulate the innovation sector and small businesses.

The state creates institutional opportunities for economic independence of regions. At the same time, regional scientific and innovation policy should be aimed at developing elements of the economic mechanism that contribute, on the one hand, state support innovative areas and specific industries, and on the other hand, to stimulate and support private initiative in the development of innovation.

The need for uniform development of individual regions presupposes endowing them with freedom to make management decisions, aimed, among other things, at increasing the competitiveness of regional economies. The competitiveness of a regional economy reflects the region’s ability to produce a product that is superior to its competitors in terms of a set of indicators and provides high income with minimal risk, and serves as the basis for attracting investments into it, the basis for socio-economic development. In the medium term, regional authorities face the most serious task of expanding and intensifying innovation activities, since only the implementation of the above measures can ensure a significant increase in production in the real sector of the economy.

Regional innovation policy should be aimed at developing elements of the organizational and economic mechanism that contribute, on the one hand, to state support for innovative areas and specific enterprises, and on the other, to stimulate and support private initiative in the development of innovation. It is necessary to increase the role of scientific research and development, to transform the accumulated scientific potential into one of the main resources for sustainable economic growth. It is necessary to create favorable conditions for the introduction of advanced technologies into production, including the balanced development of innovation infrastructure.

Innovation policy is implemented in the form of measures of state and regional support, the formation of a favorable innovation climate, increasing the innovative susceptibility and innovative readiness of the regions. To implement scientific and innovation policy and implement measures of state and regional support, and carry out the functions of managing innovation activities, it is necessary to form a scientifically based system of management bodies and regulation of innovation activities.

In modern conditions, the task of paramount importance is to preserve and subsequently strengthen the innovative and industrial potential of the region, increasing the degree of its impact on the economic efficiency of production. Without this, ensuring sustainable regional development is unattainable.

All of the above determines the importance and scale of the task of forming an organizational and economic mechanism for scientific and innovation policy at all levels, including, of course, its regional level.

In this regard, the main directions of state innovation policy include:

Development and improvement of legal and regulatory support for innovation activities, mechanisms for stimulating it, a system of institutional reforms, protection of intellectual property in the innovation sphere and its introduction into economic circulation.

Creation of a system of comprehensive support for innovation, production development, increasing competitiveness and export of high-tech products. The process of intensifying innovation activity requires the participation of not only government bodies, commercial structures, financial and credit institutions, but also public organizations at both the federal and regional levels.

Development of the infrastructure of the innovation process, including an information support system, an examination system, a financial and economic system, production and technological support, a system for certification and promotion of developments, a system for training and retraining of personnel. The backlog that has accumulated over many years is not based on the low potential of domestic research and development, but on the weak infrastructure of innovation activities and the lack of motivation of commodity producers to implement innovations as a way of competition. This leads to a lack of demand for the potential of domestic applied science and technology.

Development of small innovative entrepreneurship by creating favorable conditions for the formation and successful functioning of small high-tech organizations and providing them with state support at the initial stage of activity.

Improving the competitive system for selecting innovative projects and programs. The implementation of relatively small and quickly payback innovative projects in sectors of the economy with the participation of private investors and with government support will support the most promising industries and organizations and increase the influx of private investment into them.

Implementation of critical technologies and priority areas that can transform the relevant sectors of the economy of the country and its regions. The key task of the formation and implementation of innovation policy is the selection of a relatively small number of the most important basic technologies that have a decisive impact on increasing production efficiency and competitiveness of products in economic sectors and ensuring the transition to a new technological structure.

Use of dual-use technologies. Such technologies will be used both for the production of weapons and military equipment, and for civilian products.

An important role in the set of proposed measures is played by institutional transformations (privatization, creation of financial and industrial groups, demonopolization in the innovation sphere, small business and others), aimed at creating a market infrastructure and promoting the intensification of innovation activities, ensuring the growth of production of competitive products and the development of high technologies.

For these purposes, it is necessary, in accordance with the legislation, to provide for the creation of innovation centers in the regions that will ensure coordination of interaction and support for participants in innovation activities.

The implementation of the main stages of innovation activity, starting from the transformation of scientific and technical developments into an innovative product attractive to investors, manufacturers and buyers, and ending with their development in production, requires expanding the network of technology parks, business incubators, innovation and technology centers in those regions of Russia where the infrastructure that ensures the activation of the innovation process is concentrated.

Regional scientific and technological policy is understood as a set of established goals and priorities for the development of scientific and innovative policy. Activities in the region, ways and means of achieving them based on the interaction of regional and federal government bodies. The formation of regional innovation policy is based on the so-called theory of creating favorable environmental conditions for innovation. Its central point is the dynamic efficiency of the regional production structure, and the main tool is the creation of local synergies, transfer of innovations and technologies (the so-called technology transfer). The development and implementation of regional innovation policy is not an end in itself. It is aimed at increasing the contribution of the scientific and innovation sphere to the country's scientific and technological progress, to the regional economy, and improving the socio-economic indicators of the region through the effective use of its innovative potential.

Regional innovation policy, presented in the form of a program, contains the following sections:

2. Goals and priorities for the development of scientific and innovative activities in the region. The system and structure of goals should be developed based on the following principles:

Regional goals should follow from the general concept of scientific and technological development of the country and not contradict strategic federal goals;

Regional goals should be formulated taking into account the specifics and needs of the region;

The goals of the regional program should not be based on the availability of resources and capabilities; on the contrary, the resource program should be formed from established goals;

International scientific and technical cooperation;

State (federal) programs for accelerating scientific and technological progress;

The actual regional (municipal) policy for the development of scientific and technical potential; - individual industrial enterprises and scientific institutions of state and municipal ownership;

Individual privatization industrial and scientific-technical firms;

In relation to specific scientific teams (groups) and individual scientists independently solving priority scientific and technical problems.

The ranks of goals at the listed levels of regional innovation policy are established in the system of long-term and short-term planning and forecasting of regional socio-economic development.

The second general guideline in choosing priorities for scientific and innovative development is the achievement of the goals of its socio-economic development. The main task of regional government bodies is to create a favorable economic environment and conditions for increasing investment activity in the scientific and innovation sphere.

Each region has its own specific reproductive, industrial and technological structure, its own system of priorities and must rely on its own strengths and resources when implementing this strategy. However, in a transition economy, there are usually few or no such forces and resources, so federal innovation programs are needed aimed at providing start-up assistance in the technological transformation of regions, the development of innovation infrastructure, personnel training, etc.

Abstract of the dissertation on the topic "Regional innovation policy: methods of formation and implementation"

As a manuscript

Koveshnikova Elena Vyacheslavovna

REGIONAL INNOVATION POLICY: METHODS OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

Specialty 08.00.05 - Economics and management of the national economy (regional economics)

Moscow-2010

The work was carried out at the Department of Regional Economics and territorial administration Faculty of Economics, Voronezh State University

Scientific director

Doctor of Economics Mishon Elena Vitalievna

Official opponents

Doctor of Economics Olga Vladimirovna Kuznetsova

Candidate of Economic Sciences Kitova Galina Akhmedovna

Leading organization

State University of Management

The defense will take place on April 05, 2010 at 14:00 in room. 1206 at a meeting of the dissertation council D 002.086.01 of the Institute of System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the address: 117312, Moscow, 60th Anniversary of October Avenue, no. 9.

The dissertation can be found in the library of the Institute of System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Scientific secretary of the dissertation council, candidate of economic sciences

V.N. Rysina

I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORK

The degree of development of the problem. Theoretical and methodological aspects of state regulation of innovation activity and the development of state innovation policy are reflected in the works of V.A. Vasina, A.E. Varshavsky, D.M. Gvishiani, S.Yu. Glazyeva, O.G. Golichenko, V.I. Gromeki, J.I.M. Gokhberga, A.A. Dagaeva, I.G. Dezhina, A.A. Dynkina, P.N. Zavlina, V.V. Ivanova, N.I. Ivanova, A.K. Kazantseva, V.V. Kiseleva, G.A. Kitova, T.E. Kuznetsova, Ya.M. Lotosha, D.S. Lvova, V.L. Makarova, L.E. Mindeli, V.M. Polterovich, N.V. Shelyubskaya, F. Malerba, S. Radosevic, L. Soete and others.

Various issues of the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy, research into the innovative potential of regions are considered in the works of Russian and foreign scientists: Yu.P. Anisimova, I.V. Boyko, E.M. Bukhvalda, S.D. Valengeya, P.N. Zavlina, A.G. Maksimova, O.S. Moskvina, Yu.K. Persky, K.I. Pletneva, N.M. Surnina, A.I. Tatarkina, G.A. Untura, I.N. Shchepina, V.N. Eitingona, M. Fritsch, A. Stephan, K. Koschatzky, S. Werker, et al.

The purpose of the dissertation research is to develop theoretical principles and improve scientific and methodological principles, ensure the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy in Russia. h

The subject of the study is management relations in the sphere of formation and implementation of regional innovation policy. The object of the study is the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific methods of cognition, methods of theoretical and empirical research, systemic and comparative analysis, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, methods of classification and grouping, correlation and multivariate statistical analysis.

The information base for the study was:

4. A set of indicators for assessing the results of regional innovation policy has been proposed and justified, in which, during its formation, in contrast to well-known approaches, indicators of innovation activity are included that have revealed a relationship with the main indicators of the socio-economic development of the region. Practical significance of dissertation research

lies in the possibility of using the conclusions and recommendations contained in the work by federal and regional government bodies in the development of a set of economic and organizational measures designed to ensure the innovative development of regions.

Testing and implementation of research results. The main theoretical and methodological provisions of the dissertation research were discussed at international scientific school-seminars named after Acad. S.S. Shatalin “System modeling of socio-economic processes” (Voronezh, 2006; Ruza, 2007; Voronezh, 2008; Vologda, 2009), international scientific and practical conferences “Current problems of development of territories and systems of regional and municipal management” (Voronezh, 2006, 2008 ), 5th international conference “GLOBELIX-RUSSIA-2007: Development of national and regional innovation systems to improve competitiveness and quality of life - partnership of the state, science, education and business (theory, problems, experience and prospects)” (Saratov, 2007) , international scientific and practical conference “Innovation Management - 2008” (Moscow, 2008), X All-Russian Symposium “Strategic Planning and Development of Enterprises” (Moscow, 2009), All-Russian Macrosymposium

“Innovative economy: design solutions and risk management” (St. Petersburg, 2009) and other international and all-Russian scientific and scientific-practical conferences.

The main results of the study were applied during the implementation of the project “Theory and Practice of Forming National Innovation Systems” (grant of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation No. 06-02-04011a).

Publications. 20 publications have been published on the topic of dissertation research. scientific works with a total volume of 8.18 pp, and the author personally 5.47 pp, including 4 in journals from the list of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia.

II. BASIC PROVISIONS OF THE WORK

1. The concept of regional innovation policy. The need to clarify the concept of “regional innovation policy” is due to the insufficiency of its elaboration in Russian economic science, the lack of a normative definition in federal legislation and the variety of interpretations in the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The dissertation research examines regional innovation policy, the subjects of which are federal government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In order to clarify the concept of “regional innovation policy,” the author analyzed well-known studies, federal and

regional normative legal acts containing approaches to understanding the categories of “policy”, “state innovation policy” and “regional policy”. As a result, two fundamentally different approaches were identified, qualifying these categories either as the activities of public authorities, or as a set of measures, forms and methods of management.

The author adheres to the first approach and in his dissertation considers regional innovation policy as a purposeful activity of federal and regional government bodies to create favorable conditions and incentives for innovation activity in the region, implemented by:

a) within the framework of a long-term development strategy for the region using a set of tools, the use of which will ensure a balance of interests of the subjects of the regional innovation system and economic efficiency, taking into account the competitive advantages and characteristics of the region, including those determined by the parameters of its innovative potential;

b) in order to increase the level of socio-economic development of the region (regional component) and reduce differentiation in the levels of socio-economic development of regions (federal component) by intensifying innovation activities.

Taking into account the accepted definition of regional innovation policy, the work formulates its goal and objectives, defines the principles of formation and implementation, identifies common and special features, and highlights effects that are classified according to the subjects of the regional innovation system.

2. Content of the region's innovative potential. In the dissertation, the author proceeds from the fact that the innovative potential of a region is the totality of the resources of innovation activity available in the region and the framework conditions (constraints and opportunities) for their development. At the same time, the innovative potential of the region is considered as one of the determinants of regional innovation policy.

The region's innovative potential contains resource and framework components. The resource component reflects the availability of various types of resources for carrying out innovation activities in the region. The framework component is a set of resources that are not directly innovative, but that determine quantitative restrictions or opportunities for the development of the region's innovative potential (the resource framework for its development in the period under review). The intensity and effectiveness of innovation activity depends on the state of the region’s innovation potential and innovation policy (federal and regional), which are determined by their own principles, methods and framework conditions (constraints and opportunities). One of the tasks of regional innovation policy is to carry out a reliable assessment of the region’s innovative potential, to ensure balance and conditions for its effective implementation.

Figure 1. Structural model of regional innovation policy

3. Structural model of regional innovation policy.

The proposed model can be used by federal and regional authorities as scientific and methodological support for activities regarding the innovative development of regions and the development of strategic and program documents.

4. Approach to the classification of regional innovation policy instruments.

As a result of the analysis of research by Russian and foreign scientists, as well as federal legislation, legislation of 48 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and taking into account modern trends in the management of regional development, including those caused by the emergence of the concept of territorial marketing, the author identifies fiscal, tax, marketing, institutional and organizational blocks of regional development tools innovation policy (classification by functional basis).

The budgetary and tax block is associated with the use of financial incentives to increase innovative activity and includes instruments of budgetary and tax regulation (subsidies, tax breaks and deferments, investment tax credits, government orders, budget loans, government guarantees on loans, accelerated depreciation, preferential lease of state property, partial payment for patenting, participation in the authorized capital of innovation-active organizations, etc.).

The use of marketing block tools is aimed at promoting innovative activity and forming an ideology of innovative development in the region (conferences, forums, fairs, exhibitions, competitions, GShregpy portals about the innovative development of the region, the P11 plan for supporting regional innovation policy, tools for forming the image of the territory of innovative development and etc.).

The tools of the institutional block are used to create framework and specific conditions for innovation activity (regulatory legal acts, technological forecasts and road maps, a list of priority areas of innovation, etc.), and the tools of the organizational block are used to increase the connectivity of the elements of the regional innovation system (innovation infrastructure, territories innovative development, innovation clusters and networks, etc.). The tools are interconnected and their integrated use is necessary. Increasing the marketing block can influence the effectiveness of using the tools of the organizational block (for example, lobbying at the federal level for the creation in specific regions of territories for innovative development, elements of innovation infrastructure at the expense of the federal budget, etc.).

A number of tools can be used by regional authorities in an outsourcing format. For example, results monitoring functions

innovation activity in the region, development of technological forecasts, maintaining registers of subjects of innovation activity and innovation projects, development and implementation of the PR plan for supporting regional innovation policy can be transferred on a competitive basis to specialized organizations.

The author also compared blocks of regional innovation policy instruments and the characteristics of the region’s innovation potential in order to select tools that can be used to “pull up” and increase (if necessary) individual characteristics of the potential.

5. Experience in the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In long-term strategies for the socio-economic development of Russian regions, the innovative development scenario is recognized as having no alternative. In a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, strategic documents have been developed that provide for innovative development (innovation policy concepts (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Moscow, Oryol, Voronezh regions, etc.), concepts for the development of innovation activity (Republic of Khakassia, Vologda, Kurgan, Penza regions, etc.). ), strategies for the development of innovative activities (Republic of Tatarstan, Murmansk region, etc.)). Laws on innovation activity have been adopted in 43 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The implementation of regional innovation policy in the regions of Russia occurs mainly through the use of a program-target method. The popularity of using targeted programs for innovative development of regions is due to the powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the innovation sphere and the programmatic principle of forming the expenditure side of regional budgets. In 16 out of 43 laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on innovation activity, regional target programs are recognized as one of the most important mechanisms for implementing regional innovation policy. Currently, regional target programs for the development of innovative activities have been developed and are being implemented in 26 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The author analyzed reports on the implementation of target programs in 2008 in 4 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Voronezh, Kaluga, Tomsk and Rostov regions)1. Regional target programs provide for the integrated use of various instruments of regional innovation policy, as well as co-financing of activities from various sources (Figure 2).

Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the main activities of targeted programs for innovative development of regions in the considered constituent entities of the Russian Federation are practically the same. This is a rule-making activity to create framework conditions for innovative development; fiscal regulation in order to create conditions and incentives for innovation

1 The choice of regions is determined by the availability of information

activities; measures for personnel and information support of innovative activities; a set of measures aimed at the formation and development of elements of innovation infrastructure.

EZ Federal budget □ Regional budget Local budgets AND Extra-budgetary sources

Figure 2. Shares of various sources of financing in the total volume of financing of the regional target program in 2008, %

As a result of the analysis of the regulatory legal framework of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it was found that only in some regions by-laws have been approved regulating the procedure for providing state support to subjects of innovation activity (Kemerovo, Rostov, Kaluga regions, etc.). These acts provide for the conditions and terms for the provision of state support. The deadlines are set for the period of implementation of innovative activities and the payback period of the innovative project. The conditions, as a rule, are the assignment of special status to innovative projects, their compliance with priority areas of innovation activity in the region, the presence of subjects of innovation activity in a special list or rating of organizations, etc. Support can also be provided based on the results of a competitive selection.

Among the used fiscal instruments of regional innovation policy are state orders for R&D; subsidies for the purchase of fixed assets and for paying the cost of patents (Rostov region), for repaying interest rates on loans,

attracted for the implementation of knowledge-intensive projects, for the creation and development of elements of innovative infrastructure (Kaluga region), etc.

Special attention is paid to holding competitions for innovative projects and innovative organizations; competitions to support projects for marketing innovative products (Tomsk region), etc.

In order to develop human resources, scientific and practical conferences, training seminars, round tables for subjects of innovative activity, state and municipal employees, incentive payments are made to young scientists, grants are provided for training, etc. Rostov region In order to form personnel potential, measures are being taken to develop children's technical creativity, and programs are being implemented to develop students' innovative and entrepreneurial thinking.

In terms of using the tools of the marketing block, the experience of the Kaluga region in promoting local innovative business through business missions of innovative companies in the region to other regions of Russia and abroad is interesting. In almost all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, data banks of subjects of innovative activity, scientific and technical developments and innovative projects are formed, and catalogs of innovative projects are published.

The experience of the Republic of Tatarstan in adopting a number of framework documents is interesting: accreditation regulations for innovative organizations (the goal is to identify truly innovative business entities and infrastructure elements), the concept of increasing the efficiency of interaction between participants in innovation activities (the goal is to increase the role and importance of the innovation sphere in the development of all sectors of the economy) .

The experience of a number of regions (Republic of Tatarstan, Tomsk, Rostov regions, etc.) in terms of initiating and conducting regional statistical observations for the purpose of monitoring innovation activity seems productive.

The federal component of regional innovation policy can be found in the activities of state financial development institutions, the implementation of various federal initiatives in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (the creation of TV SEZs, technology parks in the field of high technologies, regional venture funds).

The analysis made it possible to identify the following promising areas of regional innovation policy:

Reducing administrative barriers for subjects of innovative activity;

Stimulating cooperative processes in the regional innovation system, transition to supporting innovation networks and clusters (including interregional ones), rather than individual firms;

Promotion of local innovative products on the Russian and world markets;

Attracting highly qualified labor to the regions.

Regional authorities need to determine what strategy they will be guided by in regional innovation policy (innovation, imitation, supplier of ideas and technologies, provider of educational services, etc.).

In terms of interregional cooperation, according to the author, federal districts can play an important role, the development strategies of which must include interaction and coordination of regional interests in the innovation sphere in terms of cooperative processes, technology transfer, and location of high-tech industries.

One of the promising areas of regional innovation policy is the activities of the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to promote the interests and proposals of the regions on federal level, since often the federal component of regional innovation policy is more likely to be associated with the implementation of the interests of the center without taking into account the interests of the regions.

6. Methodology for assessing the results of innovation activities, taking into account the region’s innovation potential and framework conditions. To assess the results of innovation activities, taking into account the innovation potential of the region and the framework conditions for innovation activities, a methodology was developed, which is characterized by complexity and a multi-stage procedure for selecting indicators. The method proposed by the author includes the following steps:

Stage 1. Selection, analysis and formation of a set of indicators necessary for the assessment.

Stage 2. Clustering of regions according to the level of development of innovative potential, taking into account the framework conditions of innovation activity and characteristics of typological groups.

Stage 3. Clustering of regions based on the results of innovation activities and characterization of typological groups.

Stage 4. Comparison of the results of clustering carried out at stages 2 and 3 to determine the prospects for using and the feasibility of increasing the components of the region’s innovative potential, as well as identifying the “bottlenecks” of the regional innovation policy.

The proposed methodology was tested for 75 constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on data for 2005-2007.

At stage 1, the selection of indicators was carried out based on the availability of data, generalization of experience in research on innovation activities at the regional level, as well as taking into account expert opinions. In addition, a correlation analysis was carried out, as a result of which some indicators were excluded due to high interdependence.

As a result, a set of indicators was formed to assess the innovative potential of the region (Table 1).

To assess the framework conditions for innovation activity, it is proposed to use ratings of Russian regions, reflecting legislative, political, economic, financial, social,

criminal and environmental risks, as well as information openness of executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Table 1

A set of indicators for assessing the innovative potential of a region

Type of resources Name of indicators

Human and scientific and technical - the number of university students per 10 thousand people. economically active population, people - share of personnel engaged in R&D in the average annual number of people employed in the economy, % - share of researchers with academic degree, in the average annual number of people employed in the economy, % - the share of workers with higher education in the number of employees at sample enterprises, % - the share of employees of innovation-active enterprises in the number of employees at sample enterprises, % - the share of employees of R&D departments in the number of employees of innovation-active enterprises active enterprises, % - number of patent applications filed per 10 thousand people. economically active population, units - number of issued patents per 10 thousand people. economically active population, units - science intensity of GRP (share of internal R&D costs in GRP), %

Financial, logistical and technical - internal R&D costs per 1 researcher, rub./person. - share of costs for the acquisition of equipment in the total volume of internal current costs for R&D, % - share of investments in fixed capital in the volume of production of sample enterprises, % - share of costs for R&D in the costs of technological innovation, % - share of costs for the acquisition of new technologies in costs of technological innovation, % - share of costs for the purchase of machinery and equipment in the costs of technological innovation, % - degree of depreciation of fixed assets, % - number of personal computers with Internet access per 100 employees of organizations, units.

Organizational - the share of organizations that performed R&D in the total number of enterprises and organizations, % - the level of innovative activity of organizations, % - the share of innovatively active organizations that had R&D units in the total number of innovatively active organizations,% - the number of joint projects on implementation of R&D of innovation-active organizations per 1 innovation-active organization participating in projects, units. - the share of joint projects for the implementation of R&D of innovation-active organizations in the region in the total number of joint projects for the implementation of R&D of innovation-active organizations of the Russian Federation, %

To assess the results of innovation activity in the region, the following indicators were selected:

Share of the volume of innovative products of the region in the volume of innovative products of the Russian Federation, %;

Share of the volume of innovative products in the total volume of products of innovation-active organizations, %;

Share of exports of innovative products in the total volume of exports of innovation-active organizations, %;

Volume of innovative products per 1 rub. costs for technological innovation, rub./rub.;

Labor productivity in innovation-active organizations, thousand rubles/person.

The values characterizing the region's innovative potential, framework conditions and results of innovation activity were calculated as the arithmetic mean of the normalized indicators of the corresponding group. Based on the obtained values, cluster analysis was carried out (tree clustering, k-means method) using the 81auisa 6.0 package.

At stage 2, regions were clustered according to the level of development of innovation potential, taking into account the framework conditions of innovation activity, and typological groups were identified and characterized. As a result, 5 clusters were obtained (Figure 3).

In cluster 1 (21 regions, among them Voronezh, Kaluga, Volgograd, Samara, Saratov, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk region, Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Territory, etc.) include regions with a fairly high level of development of innovative potential, with the exception of financial and material and technical resources.

Cluster 2 and cluster 4 are regions that have, in general, a more modest innovative potential, but differ from the regions of cluster 1 in a large amount of financial, material and technical resources. At the same time, the regions of cluster 2 (a total of 28 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including Bryansk, Tver, Murmansk, Ulyanovsk, Tyumen, Irkutsk region, Republic of Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian, Mari El, Altai region etc.) are greatly inferior to the regions of cluster 4 (a total of 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including Belgorod, Lipetsk, Vologda, Kaliningrad, Rostov, Orenburg regions, Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories, etc.) in terms of the development of framework conditions for innovation activity.

Regions of cluster 3 are characterized by the lowest innovation potential (8 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, among them the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Transbaikal, Kamchatka, Primorsky Territories, Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin region, Jewish Autonomous Region). With the exception of financial, material and technical resources, the regions of this cluster lag behind in all characteristics of innovation potential and have the worst framework conditions for innovation activity.

e- Cluster 1 -o- Cluster 2 ■о - Cluster 3 --:■ Cluster 4 - - Cluster 5

Figure 3. Clustering of regions by level of development of innovative potential, taking into account the framework conditions of innovation activity (k-means method)

Variables:

Р1 - human, scientific and technical resources Р2 - financial, material and technical resources РЗ - organizational resources I - framework conditions for innovation activities

Regions of cluster 5 have the same level of development of financial, material and technical resources as the regions of cluster 3, and in general are characterized by the greatest innovative potential and the best framework conditions for innovation activity (5 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, among them the Moscow region, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Tomsk regions).

At stage 3, regions were clustered based on the results of innovation activities, typological groups were identified and characterized. As a result, 5 clusters were identified (Figure 4).

The regions of cluster 1 (5 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including the Moscow, Samara, Sverdlovsk regions, the Republic of Tatarstan, and the Perm Territory) are leaders in the results of innovation activity, however, it should be noted that labor productivity at the innovation-active enterprises of the regions of this cluster is not high enough.

0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0

O- Cluster 1 -p- Cluster 2 -o- Cluster 3 - Cluster 4 - - Cluster 5

Figure 4. Clustering of regions according to the results of innovation activities (k-means method)

Variables:

U1 - the share of the volume of innovative products of the region in the volume of innovative products of the Russian Federation, %

U2 - the share of the volume of innovative products in the total volume of products of innovation-active organizations, %

UZ - the share of exports of innovative products in the total volume of exports of innovation-active organizations, %

4 have the volume of innovative products per 1 ruble. costs for technological innovation, rub./rub.

U5 - labor productivity in innovation-active organizations, thousand rubles/person.

Cluster 2 (7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including the Voronezh, Novgorod, Penza regions, Altai, Primorsky, Stavropol Territories, the Republic of Mari El) are leaders in the export of innovative products, although in general for Russia the volumes of innovative products they produce are insignificant, and labor productivity is the highest low.

Cluster 3 (31 subjects of the Russian Federation, including Belgorod, Vladimir, Kaluga, Kursk, Oryol, Yaroslavl, Pskov, Rostov, Saratov, Novosibirsk, Omsk regions, St. Petersburg, the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia - Alania, Krasnodar, Transbaikal, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk territories, etc.) and cluster 5 (9 subjects

The Russian Federation, including the Bryansk, Tver, Kaliningrad regions, the Republic of Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, etc.) constitute regions that show similar results of innovation activity, but differ in their level. Moreover, the regions of cluster 5 are characterized by large volumes of innovative products in the total volume of production of innovation-active organizations, along with small volumes of exports of these products, which indicates their low competitiveness in world markets and is probably due to the borrowing of technologies.

Regions of cluster 4 (23 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including Smolensk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Leningrad, Murmansk, Astrakhan, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Magadan, Sakhalin regions, the Republic of Karelia, Sakha (Yakutia), Krasnoyarsk Territory, etc.) show the lowest results of innovation activity, but at the same time they are distinguished by the highest indicators of labor productivity at innovation-active enterprises.

At stage 4, by comparing the results of clustering carried out at stages 2 and 3, it was concluded that individual regions are successfully realizing their existing innovation potential (Republic of Tatarstan (potential and framework conditions - cluster 1, results of innovation activity - cluster 1)). However, not all subjects of the Russian Federation that have a sufficiently developed innovative potential use it effectively (Nizhny Novgorod region (potential and framework conditions - cluster 1, results of innovation activity - cluster 3), Chelyabinsk region (cluster 1 and cluster 3, respectively), etc.). At the same time, regions with more modest innovation potential show higher results of innovation activity (Bryansk region (cluster 2, cluster 5), Primorsky Krai (cluster 3, cluster 2), etc.). The results obtained may be due, in particular, to the ongoing regional innovation policy, a possible imbalance in the innovation potential of the regions and the framework conditions for the implementation of innovation activities.

7. List of indicators for assessing the results of regional innovation policy.

An analysis of the experience of Russian regions (DRONDs, regional target programs, regional development strategies, etc.) in terms of establishing indicators for assessing the activities of regional authorities in creating favorable conditions and incentives for innovation led to the conclusion that the approaches used are fragmented and incomparable.

In this regard, taking into account the results of OECD research, the author proposes a list of indicators for assessing the results of regional innovation policy (Table 2), which is structured according to the priority areas of regional innovation policy identified during the analysis carried out in Chapter 2 of the dissertation.

table 2

List of indicators for assessing the results of regional innovation policy, differentiated by priority policy areas

The name of indicators

Direction 1. Activation of innovation activity at the regional level and restructuring of the regional economy

1. Share of innovative products in the total volume of products of innovation-active organizations, %

2. Share of exports of innovative products in the total volume of exports of innovation-active organizations, %

3. Share of high-tech industries in the sectoral structure of the regional economy, %

Direction 2. Formation of a favorable investment climate and reduction of administrative barriers in the innovation sector of the region

1. Level of innovation activity, % (for large, medium and small organizations)

2. The share of investments in fixed capital in the volume of production of innovation-active organizations, %

3. The volume of attracted extra-budgetary funds per ruble of budget expenditures of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation for targeted innovation programs, rubles.

4. Results of surveys of subjects of the regional innovation system about the existence of administrative barriers to innovative business

Direction 3. Development of human capital and creation of jobs for highly qualified personnel, involvement of youth in innovative entrepreneurship

1. Inventive activity coefficient (patents issued per 10 thousand people of the economically active population, units)

2. Share of personnel engaged in R&D in the average annual number of people employed in the economy, %

3. Average age researchers, years

4. Share of employees of innovation-active organizations in the average annual number of people employed in the economy, %

5. Labor productivity in innovation-active organizations, rub./person.

6. Influx of highly qualified labor into the region, people.

Direction 4. Stimulating cooperative processes in the regional innovation system

1. Number of innovation-active organizations that participated in the development of joint projects to carry out R&D, units.

2. Number of joint projects to carry out R&D of innovation-active organizations, units.

According to the author, the assessment of the results of regional innovation policy should be carried out not only according to official statistical data reflecting the intensity and efficiency of innovation activity, but also using quality indicators of framework and specific

conditions for innovation activity, in particular the openness of regional authorities, the absence of administrative barriers, etc.

MAIN RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE DISSERTATION RESEARCH

5. As a result of the analysis of the experience of Russian regions in terms of the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy, its promising directions have been identified, mainly related to the need to stimulate cooperative processes, develop a competitive environment in the innovation sphere, attract highly qualified personnel to the region and reduce administrative barriers for subjects of innovation activity.

MAIN SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ON THE TOPIC OF THE DISSERTATION

1. Study of the innovative potential of the region // Vestnik VSU. Series: economics and management. - 2006. - No. 1. - P. 44-56 (1.38 pp., co-authored, personally by the author - 0.68 pp.).

2. Approaches to the study of innovative activity at the regional level // Vestnik VGU. Series: economics and management. - 2006. - No. 2. -S. 189-194 (0.63 pp., co-authored, the author personally - 0.3 pp.).

3. Regional development strategies: between a strategic breakthrough and a strategic dead end // Economic strategies. - 2007. - No. 7(57). -WITH. 26-30 (0.44 p.l., co-authored, the author personally - 0.22 p.l.).

4. On the issue of assessing the effectiveness of regional innovation policy // Review of Applied and Industrial Mathematics. - 2009. - T. 16. - Issue. 5. - P. 865 (0.13 pp.).

Articles in scientific journals and publications and other publications

5. On the issue of forming a strategy for innovative development of the region // Energy - XXI century. - 2005. - No. 1-2 (55-56). - pp. 125-135 (0.81 pp., co-authored, the author personally - 0.45 pp.).

6. Diagnostics of innovative activity of managers in the context of the implementation of regional innovation policy // Current problems of regional economics and territorial management: collection of articles / ed. I.E. Risina. - Vol. 5 - Voronezh: Voronezh State University, 2005. - P. 94-98 (0.5 pp.).

7. Management of the innovation process in the region // Energy - XXI century. -2006. - No. 2 (60). - pp. 133-141. (0.63 p.l., co-authored, personally by the author -0.32 p.l.)

8. Innovative component of regional socio-economic policy // Financial, economic and socio-legal aspects of the development of the region: problems, trends, solution mechanisms: materials

1 All-Russian scientific and practical conference: at 2 hours - Lipetsk, 2006. - Part I. - pp. 128-132 (0.25 square).

9. Analysis of approaches to understanding the essence of innovation policy // Current problems of regional economics and territorial management: collection of articles / ed. E.V. Michonne. - Vol. 6. - Voronezh: Voronezh State University, 2006. - P. 149-153 (0.25 pp).

10. Research of the innovative environment of the region // Black Earth Almanac of Scientific Research. Series: "Economics". - 2006. - No. 2(3). - P. 55-62 (0.44 pp., co-authored, the author personally - 0.25 pp.).

11. Methods for analyzing innovation activity at the regional level // System modeling of socio-economic processes: proceedings of the 29th international scientific school-seminar named after S.S. Shatalina: in

2 hours / edited by V.G. Grebennikova, I.N. Shchepina. - Voronezh: Publishing and Printing Center of Voronezh State University, 2007. - Part 1. - P. 173-180 (0.44 pp., co-authored, personally by the author - 0.22 pp.).

12. Issues of formation and implementation of regional innovation policy // Current problems of development of territories and systems of regional and municipal management: materials of the international scientific and practical conference / ed. I.E. Risina, Yu.I. Treshchevsky. - Voronezh: Voronezh State University, 2006. - P. 75-79 (0.31 p.p.).

13. Innovative activity at the regional level: measurement problems and approaches to analysis //_DUBELIX-RUSSIA-2007: Development of national and regional innovation systems to increase competitiveness and quality of life - partnership between the state, science, education and business (theory, problems, experience and prospects): materials of the 5th international conference. - Saratov: Saratov State Technical University, 2007. - Volume 2. - P. 188-191 (0.31 pp., co-authored, personally by the author - 0.15 pp.).

14.Innovative development Voronezh region: results and prospects // System modeling of socio-economic processes: proceedings of the 30th international scientific school-seminar named after academician. S.S. Shatalina: in 2 hours / [ed. V.G. Grebennikova, I.N. Shchepina, V.N. Eitingona]; Center, economics and mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences [and others]. - Voronezh: Publishing and Printing Center of Voronezh State University, 2007. - Part 1. - P. 240-246 (0.44 pp., co-authored, personally by the author - 0.22 pp.).

15.Innovation policy tools: Russian and foreign experience // System modeling of socio-economic processes: proceedings of the 30th international scientific school-seminar named after academician S.S.

Shatalina: in 2 hours / [ed. V.G. Grebennikova, I.N. Shchepina, V.N. Eitingona]; Center, economics and mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences [and others]. - Voronezh: Publishing and Printing Center of Voronezh State University,

2007. - Part 1. - pp. 237-239 (0.19 pl.).

16. Public-private partnership as a tool for implementing regional innovation policy // System modeling of socio-economic processes: proceedings of the 31st International scientific school-seminar: in 3 hours / [ed. V.G. Grebennikova, I.N. Shchepina, V.N. Eitingon]. - Part 1. - Voronezh: Publishing and Printing Center of Voronezh State University,

2008.-S. 281-285 (0.19 pl.).

17. Regional innovation policy: current trends and prospects // Current problems of development of territories and systems of regional and municipal management: materials of the 3rd international scientific and practical conference / [ed. I.E. Risina, Yu.I. Treshchevsky]. - Voronezh: Publishing House “Istoki”, 2008. -S. 141-143 (0.19 pl.).

18.Is innovation activity driving force socio-economic development of Russian regions? // Innovation Management - 2008: materials of the international scientific and practical conference / [ed. R.M. Nizhegorodtsev]. - M.: Good Word, 2008. - P. 214-217 (0.25 pl., co-authored, personally by the author - 0.08 pl.).

19. Problems of forming a system of strategic indicators of regional development // Strategic planning and development of enterprises. Section 3: materials of the Tenth All-Russian Symposium. Moscow, April 14-15, 2009. Ed. Corresponding member RAS G.B. Kleiner. - M.: CEMI RAS, 2009. -S. 103-104 (0.13 pl.).

20. Targeted programs for innovative development of the region: experience and prospects // System modeling of socio-economic processes: proceedings of the 32nd international scientific school-seminar, Vologda, October 5-10, 2009: in 3 parts / ed. Doctor of Economics Sciences V.G. Grebennikova, Ph.D. econ. Sciences I.N. Shchepina, Ph.D. econ. Sciences V.N. Eitingona. - Voronezh: Publishing and Printing Center of Voronezh State University, 2009. - Part II. - pp. 155-161 (0.44 pl.).

Signed for publication on 03/01/10. Format 60*84 "/i. Printing convention l. 1.4. Circulation 100 copies. Order 280

Printed from the finished original layout in the printing house of the Publishing and Printing Center of Voronezh State University. 394000, Voronezh, st. Pushkinskaya. 3.

Dissertation: contents author of the dissertation research: candidate of economic sciences, Koveshnikova, Elena Vyacheslavovna

Introduction.

Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy.

1.1. Regional innovation policy and innovation potential of the region: concept and content.

1.2. Structural model of regional innovation policy.

1.3. Toolkit for regional innovation policy.

Chapter 2. Modern practice of formation and implementation of regional innovation policy in Russia.

2.1. Federal component of regional innovation policy.

2.2. Regional innovation policy implemented by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Chapter 3. Improving methodological support for regional innovation policy.

3.1. Methodology for assessing the results of innovative activities at the regional level.

3.2. An approach to assessing the results of regional innovation policy.

Dissertation: introduction in economics, on the topic "Regional innovation policy: methods of formation and implementation"

The relevance of research. In the context of globalization and high competition, innovation and flexibility of the regional socio-economic system become important factors in its competitiveness. Integration of the region into national and global networks for the creation, dissemination and commercialization of knowledge, innovative activity of local businesses and the quality of the institutional environment are of fundamental importance for the socio-economic development of the region.

Modernization of the Russian economy involves strengthening the role and responsibility of government authorities in creating a system of motivation for innovation while maintaining a balance of interests of its subjects. The quality and effectiveness of regional innovation policy are of particular importance. However, it does not have proper scientific and methodological support; The powers and interaction of government bodies at various levels in the field of innovation policy are practically not regulated, and assessments of its results are fragmentary and, as a rule, do not reflect the real state of affairs. All this determines the relevance of the research topic.

The degree of development of the problem. Theoretical and methodological aspects of state regulation of innovation activity and the development of state innovation policy are reflected in the works of V.A. Vasina, A.E. Varshavsky, D.M. Gvishiani, S.Yu. Glazyeva, O.G. Golichenko, V.I. Gromeki, J.I.M. Gokhberga, A.A. Dagaeva, I.G. Dezhina, A.A. Dynkina, V.V. Ivanova, N.I. Ivanova, A.K. Kazantseva, V.V. Kiseleva, G.A. Kitova, T.E. Kuznetsova, Ya.M. Lotosha, D.S. Lvova, V.L. Makarova, L.E. Mindeli, V.M. Polterovich, N.V. Shelyubskaya, F. Malerba, S. Radosevic, L. Soete and DR

The works of A.G. are devoted to the study of the problems of development and implementation of regional policy in modern Russia, the socio-economic development of regions. Granberga, N.V. Zubarevich, O.V. Kuznetsova, V.N. Leksina, O.S. Pchelintseva, I.E. Risina, A.N. Shvetsova, B.M. Shtulberg and others.

Various issues of the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy, research into the innovative potential of regions are considered in the works of Russian and foreign scientists: Yu.P. Anisimova, I.V. Boyko, E.M. Bukhvalda, S.D. Valenteya, P.N. Zavlina, A.G. Maksimova, O.S. Moskvina, Yu.K. Persky, K.I. Pletneva, N.M. Surnina, A.I. Tatarkina, G.A. Untura, I.N. Shchepina, V.N. Eitingona, M. Fritsch, A. Stephan, K. Koschatzky, S. Werker, et al.

The purpose of the dissertation research is to develop theoretical principles and improve scientific and methodological support for the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy in Russia.

This goal predetermined the need to set and solve the following tasks:

Review and compare various definitions regional innovation policy;

Reveal the content of the concept “innovative potential of the region”;

To propose an approach to the study of regional innovation policy as a process;

Determine the instruments of regional innovation policy;

Analyze the modern experience of implementing regional innovation policy by constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Assess the results of innovation activities in the regions of Russia;

Develop an approach to assessing the results of regional innovation policy.

The subject of the study is management relations in the sphere of formation and implementation of regional innovation policy. This dissertation examines regional innovation policy, the subjects of which are federal government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The object of the study is the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Theoretical and methodological basis of the study.

The theoretical basis of the study was the fundamental and applied works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of regional economics and management, state regulation of innovation activities, the development and implementation of innovation policy at the regional level, the formation and development of national and regional innovation systems.

Regulatory legal acts, strategic and program documents of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Reports on the results and main activities of government bodies, forecast materials and reports on the implementation of federal and regional target and departmental programs;

Data from the Federal State Statistics Service;

The scientific novelty of the dissertation lies in the development of theoretical principles and improvement of the methodological foundations for the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy pursued by federal and regional authorities.

The following results of the dissertation research have elements of scientific novelty:

1. A structural model of regional innovation policy has been developed, which gradually reflects the activities of government bodies during its formation and implementation.

2. A classification of regional innovation policy instruments has been carried out on a functional basis, within which, in contrast to well-known studies, fiscal, marketing, organizational and institutional blocks have been identified.

3. A methodology for assessing the results of innovation activity has been developed and tested, characterized by taking into account the innovative potential of the region and the framework conditions for innovation activity and characterized by a multi-stage procedure for selecting indicators.

The practical significance of the dissertation research lies in the possibility of using the conclusions and recommendations contained in the work by federal and regional government bodies in the development of a set of economic and organizational measures designed to ensure the innovative development of regions.

Certain provisions of the work that reveal the features of the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy, directions for improving its scientific and methodological support can be used in higher educational institutions when studying the disciplines “Regional Economics and Management”, “System of State and Municipal Administration”, “State Regulation of the Economy” , as well as in the process of training, retraining and advanced training of state civil servants.

Testing and implementation of research results. The main theoretical and methodological provisions of the dissertation research were discussed at international scientific school-seminars named after Acad. S.S. Shatalin “System modeling of socio-economic processes” (Voronezh, 2006; Ruza, 2007; Voronezh, 2008; Vologda, 2009), international scientific and practical conferences “Current problems of development of territories and systems of regional and municipal management” (Voronezh, 2006, 2008 ), 5th international conference “GLOBELIX-RUSSIA-2007: Development of national and regional innovation systems to improve competitiveness and quality of life - partnership of the state, science, education and business (theory, problems, experience and prospects)” (Saratov, 2007) , International Scientific and Practical Conference "Innovation Management - 2008" (Moscow, 2008), X All-Russian Symposium "Strategic Planning and Development of Enterprises" (Moscow, 2009), All-Russian Macrosymposium "Innovative Economy: Design Solutions and Risk Management" (St. Petersburg , 2009) and other international and all-Russian scientific and scientific-practical conferences.

Some results and conclusions of the dissertation research were used by the Department of Industry, Transport, Communications and Innovation of the Voronezh Region in developing the concept of regional innovation policy and the regional target program for the development of innovation activities in the Voronezh Region (documented).

The main provisions of the dissertation research were introduced into the educational process of the Faculty of Economics of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Voronezh State University" and included in the scientific and methodological support of educational programs for training bachelors and masters in the direction of "Management" within the framework of the disciplines "Regional Economics and Management" and "Policy of Socio-Economic Development region" (documented).

Field of study. The dissertation research was carried out within the framework of one of the main scientific directions of Voronezh State University “Scientific foundations of socio-economic policy and business practice.” The scope of the study corresponds to clause 5.15. “Regional socio-economic policy” specialty 08.00.05 - Economics and management of the national economy.

Publications. On the topic of the dissertation research, 20 scientific papers with a total volume of 8D8 pp were published, with the author personally 5.47 pp, including 4 in journals from the list of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia.

Structure and scope of work. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of references of 239 titles. The total volume of work without applications is 183 pages.

Dissertation: conclusion on the topic "Economics and management of the national economy: theory of management of economic systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economics; logistics; labor economics", Koveshnikova, Elena Vyacheslavovna

The main results and conclusions of the dissertation research are as follows:

1. The concept of regional innovation policy has been clarified, which is considered not only from the standpoint of specific management activities, but also in connection with state socio-economic policy at the federal and regional levels.

2. The content of the region’s innovative potential is revealed, while, in contrast to well-known approaches to describing the structure of the region’s innovative potential, the framework conditions for its implementation are taken into account.

3. A structural model of regional innovation policy has been developed, consisting of the blocks “analysis”, “formation”, “implementation” and “control”.

4. A classification of regional innovation policy instruments was carried out on a functional basis; as a result, budgetary, tax, marketing, institutional and organizational blocks of instruments were identified. A comparison was made of regional innovation policy instruments and components of the region's innovation potential.

5. As a result of the analysis of the experience of Russian regions in terms of the formation and implementation of regional innovation policy, its promising directions have been identified, mainly related to the need to stimulate cooperative processes, develop a competitive environment in the innovation sphere, attract highly qualified labor to the region and reduce administrative barriers for subjects of innovation activity .

6. A methodology for assessing the results of innovation activity has been developed and tested, taking into account the region’s innovation potential and framework conditions, which can be used by regional authorities at the stage of forming a regional innovation policy to present an objective picture of the balance of power and timely prevent a possible lag behind the main competitors. The methodology allows us to identify similar regions for the purpose of their subsequent exchange of experience and cooperation in the development of regional innovation policy, strategic and program documents for the development of the region. The use of the methodology can increase the level of validity of decisions and actions of government authorities related to the development and implementation of regional innovation policy conducted at both the federal and regional levels.

7. A list of indicators for assessing the results of regional innovation policy, differentiated by priority policy areas, is proposed and justified. The list can be used as a basis for making decisions on adjusting directions and revising the mechanisms for implementing regional innovation policy, as well as for compiling a rating of regional authorities with the subsequent distribution of federal subsidies to the budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to support initiatives for the development of regional innovation systems. Certain indicators, according to the author, can be included in the list of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Conclusion

Dissertation: bibliography in Economics, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Koveshnikova, Elena Vyacheslavovna, Voronezh

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