Quite often the student needs to gain a clear understanding of what a political institution is. This topic is related to the topic “Institutions”. Actually they are: social, legal, political. On their training courses By the way, we analyze in detail not only these types, but the essence of the concept. So I recommend it.
Concept, typology and characteristics of political institutions
A political institution is a form of organizing people’s activities related to the functioning of government and administrative bodies. These include:
- state,
- government institutions (parliament, president, municipalities, city halls, political parties, etc.);
- civil society, including public organizations and movements.
These subjects of the political system were studied by the classics - thinkers T. Hobbes, J. Locke, C. Montesquieu, researchers of the 20th century. – famous lawyer M. Oriu, sociologist T. Lukman, political scientist B. Rothstein, philosopher A. Panarin and others.
Since ancient times, people have fought for the possession of material and intangible goods. With the transition to agriculture, a stratification occurred in the tribes: farmers, cattle breeders, warriors, and priests emerged directly. The latter began to dominate the farmers, using physical strength and moral superiority; began to dominate the first community-states. Gradually the mechanism was modified, and the administrative apparatus was built.
Consequently, institutionalization took shape in ancient times along with the separation of other social formations: property, family, religion.
Its key functions:
— consolidation of different social layers with different interests, mitigation of their differences;
— representation and satisfaction of the needs of the aggregate population;
- distribution material goods, regulation of labor and production;
- preservation of spiritual achievements;
— creating conditions for the further evolution of the system of government.
The class of formations listed above is characterized by the presence of:
— members – participants;
— powers;
— resources that allow them to implement their mission;
- roles and norms.
State as a political institution
The state is the main political institution. This is the definition given to it by most scientists. The phenomenon is a specific entity that, with the help of leadership and coercion represented by the government, controls the permanent population in a specific territory and is in contact with other countries.
The state has broad powers and relies on the following categories of resources:
— economic (land, minerals, production capacity, money, etc.);
— social (education, medicine, social security);
— cultural and informational (mass media, opinion of residents, traditions);
— security forces (army, police, courts);
— legal (Constitution, codes, etc.).
There are different theories of its origin, they understand its roles differently: from the coordinator of legal relations to contract theory to the conqueror in a violent concept. In fact, its purpose is varied depending on the assigned responsibilities.
The most important:
- protective function – protecting individual rights and freedoms, ensuring security and stability;
- economic - streamlining the processes occurring in the national economy for a fair division of benefits;
- legal – establishment and implementation of legal requirements;
- social – maintaining favorable conditions for the formation and development of individuals;
- ecological and cultural – preserving nature and treasures of civilization,
Norms are rules of conduct for participants in social and political life. In the 18th century a classic model of coexistence of legislative, executive and judicial authorities was formed.
Views have emerged about the types of government (monarchy or republic), structure (unitary or federation) and political regime (rule of the people, totalitarianism, etc.).
The modern ideal is a democratic legal republic. In it, all people directly or indirectly manage national affairs, their rights are recognized as a fundamental value, and actions are subject exclusively to the rules of law. Russia is also a democratic federal state.
Authorities and parties
Any public authority belongs to the class of analyzed institutions. Its composition and competence are established by the ruler and supreme collegial institutions.
A striking example is the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. His work is the corresponding minister appointed by the President of Russia. In turn, the minister selects the department’s contingent from citizens of the Russian Federation who meet educational and qualification requirements.
The responsibilities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs include:
— development of strategy in the field of internal affairs;
— protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals, in particular maintaining law and order;
— prevention, detection and suppression of crimes;
- protection of property and institutions.
Budget funds are used as financial sources. The main guidelines regarding its functioning are contained in the relevant legislation. In general, the department acts as an intermediary between the government and the population.
Political parties are an alliance of citizens seeking to place their members in administrative structures and thus guarantee benefits for certain groups.
Similar unions appeared in the 19th century, when universal suffrage. Their classification is difficult. In the modern world, varieties are more often distinguished by:
— degrees of participation in management (pro-government, opposition);
- the nature of the ideology (left - socialist; right - nationalist; centrist - liberal, conservative).
Today there are almost no non-party countries left on the planet. Particularly popular multiparty systems. During elections, their delegates, with popular support, join the ranks of influential people and adjust policies. In addition they:
— mobilize the masses to solve large-scale pressing problems;
— develop the views of voters;
- contribute to the socialization of individuals;
- form a command elite.
They can include all adult citizens, and reserves are formed from membership fees, donations, private funding, and business. Their support is the trust of the electorate. Competences are established by laws and charter. These groups, as a regulator of public relations, bind together ruling circles and the people.
Civil society
Social science defines it as self-government of the inhabitants of a country, free from government interference. This is the cooperation of fellow citizens, which protects private life persons, the abuse of power and parties is restrained. It is formed by public organizations, blocs, informal communities - diasporas, religious communities.
Public organizations consist of citizens and stateless persons who voluntarily unite to achieve common goals.
Can:
— create business units and divisions;
- establish media, disseminate information about yourself;
- hold gatherings and rallies;
— finance charitable, non-profit projects;
— interact with official bodies and institutions.
These associations are independent representatives of society. On their basis can arise social movements– collective actions aimed at eliminating acute pressing difficulties. Their resource is the capabilities of the public, and the higher the level of its well-being, the more influential the associations in question, the stronger the civil society. His authority will only increase in the future.
Best regards, Andrey Puchkov
Institute of Socio-Political Research RAS(ISPI RAS) is a leading academic research center in Russia, carrying out fundamental and applied research in the field of social and socio-political processes.
Formed in March 1991 in Moscow.
The main directions in the work of the Institute are: global problems of modern civilization and Russia; analysis and forecast of social and socio-political development of Russia; social dynamics, structure and stratification of Russian society; sociology of entrepreneurship; sociology of federal and interethnic relations; social problems national security.
The Institute conducts socio-political examination of decisions made by governing bodies, legislative and executive authorities.
As part of strategic social and political research, since 1992, sociological monitoring has been carried out under the program: “How are you living, Russia?”
The Institute has formed a bank of sociological and demographic data.
ISPI publishes scientific journals: “Eurasia”, “Science. Culture. Society." (until 2004 it was called “Science. Politics. Entrepreneurship.”), methodological materials and educational literature on sociology. The Institute operates postgraduate and doctoral studies.
The UNESCO International Chair for Social and Human Sciences operates.
The Institute has branches: United Southern Branch, North Caucasus Center, North Ossetian Center for Social Research, etc.
The Institute maintains close ties with scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academic and scientific circles of countries former USSR, as well as Great Britain, Germany, Israel, China, the Netherlands, the USA, France and several other countries.
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Books
- , Sazonov A.A.. Book by Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of RGTEU, Head of the Department of Political Science of the RPI St. Ap. John the Theologian A. A. Sazonov 171; "Soviet occupation" of the Baltic states in archival documents... Buy for 1466 rubles
- "Soviet occupation" of the Baltic states in archival documents, A. A. Sazonov. The book of Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of RGTEU, Head of the Department of Political Science of the RPI St. Ap. John the Theologian A. A. Sazonov "Soviet occupation" of the Baltic states in archival documents...
"A thorough scientific study of specific social conditions must demonstrate any practical implementation of their reform.
P. Sorokin
The first “round date” in the history of the Institute for Socio-Political Research encourages us to reflect on the results of our activities over the past past years. And the first thing to note is that the institute did not begin with a tabula rasa, (blank slate). People came to it, united around what had been developed for many years under the leadership of G.V. Osipov program, which was based on the determination of social indicators of society's development. After the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences adopted a resolution on the creation of the ISPI RAS on March 26, 1991, not only the research program was clarified in connection with new tasks, but also its differentiation occurred. Several main directions emerged, headed by prominent scientists and experienced science organizers.
Initially, the central scientific problem of institute research was the development of a methodology for approaching the analysis of the socio-political situation. Based on systematically conducted discussions, a unified view has emerged both on the socio-political situation itself (the object of study) and on the methods of analyzing its components. It was based on the idea that the latter is a derivative not only of the state of affairs in the economy. An equally important role in its determination is played by social, political and psychological components, which have relative independence. Cultural, moral, national and religious factors, which together make up the mentality of Russians, also require mandatory consideration. Historical memory also means a lot, the actualization of which leaves a serious imprint on the interaction of various subjects of the political process. Along with internal ones, foreign policy factors, processes and events in which Russia takes part also play an important role. Each of these components can be measured sociologically using specially defined indicators.
Already in the first works of the institute, based on the implementation of an integrated approach to the analysis of the situation that had developed in the country by the beginning of the 90s, it was concluded that a catastrophe was approaching, caused by the imposed on the country liberal democrats course of reforms. If this course is not changed, scientists predicted, the country will inevitably turn into a raw material appendage of developed countries.
This point of view formed the basis of the report of the director of ISPI, academician G.V. Osipov, to the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences in February 1992 and received a great public response. Some of our sociologist colleagues were among those who disagreed with such a “pessimistic” assessment of the consequences of neoliberal reform.
In 1994, the book “Reforming Russia: Myths and Reality” (head of the team of authors of the Academy of the Russian Academy of Sciences G.V. Osipov) was prepared for publication and published, containing a sociological examination of the reforms carried out in the country and marking the beginning of the 10-volume publication “Chronicle of Reforms” ", which made it possible to see the process of transformation of the socio-economic structure and political system of Russia in its dynamics and systemic complexity. The following publications were devoted to this: Reforming Russia: myths and reality. M., 1994; Social and socio-political situation in Russia: analysis and forecast. M., 1995; Russia's new course: prerequisites and guidelines. M., 1996; Russia: national strategy and social priorities. M., 1997; Russia is at a critical point: revival or disaster. M., 1997; Russia: new stage neoliberal reforms. M., 1997; Russia: challenges of the time and ways of reform. M., 1998; Russia: overcoming a national catastrophe. M., 1999; Russia in search of strategy: society and power. M., 2000; Ten years of reforms: results and prospects. M., 2001. (Head of the team of authors G.V. Osipov; authors-compilers - V.K. Levashov, V.V. Lokosov. Editorial board of the series: G.V. Osipov (executive editor), V.N. .Ivanov (deputy executive editor), M.I.Kodin, V.K.Levashov, V.V.Lokosov, V.V.Martynenko, S.V.Rogachev, G.Yu.Semigin, V.V. Sukhodeev, G.A. Cherneyko, A.A. Chesnokov).
Each of these books was based on annual (semi-annual) reports compiled on the basis of generalized data from sociological research conducted by the institute’s research teams on all-Russian and regional samples (project “How are you living, Russia?”, headed by Doctor of Sociological Sciences V.K. Levashov ). They made it possible to assess the processes taking place in almost all spheres of social life, identify their main trends and determine possible prospects (development options). Characterizing the reform process, the institute’s scientists noted both its positive and negative consequences. Among the first were: liquidation totalitarian regime and the monopoly of one party on the leadership of society and the state; abolition of the command-administrative system of economic management, establishment of equality various forms property, virtually free transfer to private property a huge fund of residential and land plots, elimination of commodity shortages, democratization of state and public life, abolition of censorship, establishment of political and ideological pluralism, liberation of private initiative.
Among the negative trends and consequences of reform, the following were noted: the destruction of knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy, the practical implementation of the course towards the export and raw materials development of the country, the formation of quasi-market relations, the increasing role of the “shadow” and “gray” economy, the widespread growth of mafia structures, the degradation of culture, education, science and healthcare, the destruction of moral and social values traditional for Russia, separatism and the threat of the collapse of the country.
Characterizing the reforms carried out “from above”, the institute’s scientists also noted that, while they radically changed the relations of property and power, they did not solve the main problems: they did not lead the country out of the crisis, did not make people’s lives more prosperous and meaningful. They essentially became an end in itself and, without making the economy socially efficient, led to the opposite result: labor productivity decreased, its technical equipment deteriorated, its motivation clearly changed for the worse, production volume decreased, deindustrialization trends emerged, the Russian high-tech potential was eroded, and the raw material specialization and dependence on imports from developed countries.
The system of critical indicators developed by ISPI scientists made it possible to quantitatively reflect the processes taking place in the country’s economy under the influence of neoliberal reforms and reveal their impact on the state of the social sphere. Low and late payment wage, a real threat of rising unemployment, uncertainty about the future, a crisis of the meaning of existence - had a negative impact on standard of living majority of the country's population. Intense stratification of property and unfair distribution of property and income led to increased social tension and dissatisfaction with the “top.” There was a disintegration of the mass social structure. The reforms did not lead to the formation of a middle class; moreover, they did not receive the necessary mass support and did not meet the social expectations of Russians. The government's efforts also turned out to be ineffective. social politics. The latter was convincingly shown by research conducted under the guidance of Doctor of Philology. V.I. Staroverov, and is reflected in the relevant publications. The works of corresponding member are devoted to the same problems. RAS M.N. Rutkevich, Ph.D. M.S. Savina, Doctor of Philology A.P. Kuznetsova, Ph.D. N.V. Andreenkova and other scientists of the institute.
Research has shown that the overwhelming majority of the population has a stable negative attitude towards privatization; the majority of respondents considered themselves deceived by the state and expressed their distrust of it. The public has become increasingly convinced that privatization is criminal, destroying positive work motivation and stimulating social antagonism.
Crisis situation in social sphere has had a particularly hard impact on the situation of older people and young people. Sociological research among young people has revealed a steady trend of deterioration in their social status, an increase in youth unemployment, which is becoming chronic. The motivational structure and work ethic of youth have been deformed, and there has been a sharp rise in the criminalization of the youth environment (project manager, Doctor of Philology V.I. Chuprov, Candidate of Philology T.V. Kovaleva).
A project on deviant behavior of young people, implemented jointly with scientists from the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, made it possible to identify the scale and causes of deviant behavior in different groups youth. The complexity of the criminogenic situation, the influence of criminogenic factors on the sphere public relations, the increase in the level and growth rate of crime negatively affects primarily the situation of young people. Of particular concern is the increase in juvenile delinquency and the increase in the number of teenagers who have committed crimes.
Research by the Center for Social Demography showed that the country’s reform resulted in a sharp deterioration in demographic situation, expressed, in particular, in the deepening of the depopulation process. In Russia in the 90s, against the backdrop of low birth rates, mortality among working ages increased. Life expectancy for men in some regions has reached 55-57 years. There was a general deterioration in the health of the population. But the condition of adolescents and children is of particular concern. The spread of drugs, alcohol consumption, and moral disorientation among young people negatively affects their health. As part of demographic studies, the migration situation was systematically studied, internal migrations centripetal trends and directions of migration flows have been recorded, which to a certain extent compensates for the natural decline in the population of Russia, although it creates whole line new challenges for Federal Center And regional authorities problems (project manager, Doctor of Economics L.M. Rybakovsky and Doctor of Economics I.B. Orlova)
One of the negative consequences of the unsuccessful reform of the country and the erroneous domestic policy There was an increase in tension in interethnic relations and an increase in contradictions in the interaction between the federal Center and the regions. Regular sociological research (mass and expert surveys) has made it possible to identify the most complex and pressing problems in this area. The information obtained in this way was used in developing the concept of state national policy(approved by decree of the President), in periodically published collections "Russia: Center and Regions" (Ed. Corresponding Member of the RAS V.N. Ivanov, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences G.Yu. Semigin), in collective monographs " Russia: social situation and interethnic relations in the regions" (compiled by V.N. Ivanov, I.V. Ladodo, G.Yu. Semigin), "Federal Russia: problems and prospects" (editor-in-chief V.N. Ivanov).
Analysis of the results of sociological research allowed us to conclude that there is a need to reform the administrative-territorial structure of the country, its main stages and implementation mechanisms. Sociological and political science analysis of the activities of regional elites (especially during periods of election campaigns) revealed the strengthening of the political role of financial and industrial groups in the life of the regions (headed by Ph.D. N.V. Merzlikin). Monitoring of the mass consciousness of the Russian population showed a low level of interpersonal trust, the atomization of political attitudes and orientations, the detachment of many groups of the population from participating in mass actions, and a high rating of social justice. The mixture of socialist and liberal-democratic values and norms in the political culture of Russian society was also noted (project director V.G. Andreenkov, Ph.D.).
Comparative analysis of political cultures and social changes in Russia and Western countries in 1980-1990. was reflected in the monograph by V. Rukavishnikov, L. Halman, P. Ester “Political cultures and social changes. International comparisons.” The book widely presented data from public opinion polls in Western and Western countries, little known to Russian readers. of Eastern Europe, USA, Canada and Russia, on the basis of which the levels of life satisfaction and value orientations of various groups and segments of the population were compared.
The crisis state of the country caused by unsuccessful reforms exacerbated national security problems. Head of this direction scientific research corresponding member RAS R.G. Yanovsky managed to organize the work of the newly created scientific team, which quickly made itself known with a number of published works. Among them " Global changes and social security" (R.G. Yanovsky), "Russian Army" (ed. R.G. Yanovsky, Yu.I. Deryugin), "Russian Army: state and prospects for overcoming the crisis" (V.V. Serebryannikov, Yu.I, Deryugin) and others.
Works on economic security. In the works of I.Ya. Bogdanov, V.V. Martynenko, the problem of resources and economic capabilities of countries was comprehensively considered, a conclusion was made about Russia’s increasing dependence on the import of many types of consumer goods, including food, and ways out of the current situation were outlined (I. Y. Bogdanov "Russia. Economy. Security"; V.V. Martynenko "Russia: budgetary and financial relations").
The problem of environmental safety was reflected in the research of the Department of Social Ecology of Regions (headed by Doctor of Social Sciences I.A. Sosunova).
Institute scientists formulated the main provisions of the new course of reform, identified the main resources and mechanisms for its implementation within the framework of the research program of the Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Social and socio-political transformation of Russian society at the turn of the 21st century."
In analyzing the nature of the current crisis in Russian society, in particular, the following is noted:
1. Current crisis Russian society is, first of all, a crisis of its identity. Russian empire - Soviet Union- what's next; otherwise - where to go and what to do? In the most general terms, the goal of the movement can be defined as follows: Russia should become a democratic federal republic with a modern socially oriented market economy(capable of providing its citizens with a decent life) and occupying its rightful place in the system of international relations.
2. A successful path for Russia can be one that is organic for Russians and expresses continuity historical development and immanent to the Russian people a value system based on its own material and spiritual resources, on the achievements of domestic science.
“Your way” must be embodied in a “national idea” (national ideology) capable of uniting people. In the role supranational idea may perform in Russia state patriotism, based on values shared by the majority of Russians today, such as social justice, public order, human rights, and collectivism. In addition, it must be filled with quite tangible, specific content for a given historical period of time.
In this regard, the role of the state objectively increases, called upon to ensure the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country, optimize the distribution of material and institutional resources within the country, and achieve, by reducing social polarization, the required level of social solidarity and integration, economic and political stability. Considering the vast territory of the country, the diversity of natural, socio-economic and cultural-religious conditions, only the state is able to pursue a centralized regional policy aimed at providing the necessary assistance to especially crisis regions and neutralizing the very possibility of regional antagonism, which poses a threat to the unity of the country.
Possible options for the country's development at the second stage of reforms were reflected in the scenarios developed by the Institute's scientists. The “scenario of social solidarity” is presented as the most preferable one, which involves uniting the efforts of the whole society in overcoming the crisis and entering the path sustainable development.
Based on ancestral values, creatively using our experience and the experience of other countries, Russia must implementnew modernization and firmly take the path of post-industrial development. There are necessary prerequisites for this, which can be successfully implemented through the joint efforts of all Russians and all political forces(even if authoritarian tendencies become stronger) who are ready to really work hard for this. Much in this regard will depend on foreign economic strategy state, on its ability to stop the export of strategic raw materials and capital from the country, on its ability to protect national interests and organically join the progressive global processes that will dominate the planet in the 21st century. Only by restoring its economic, military, scientific and technical potential will Russia be able to actively influence the establishment of a new, more humanistic and fair world order in the world.
Employees of the Center for Modeling Sustainable Development of Society (headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.M. Matrosov), in collaboration with other departments of the institute, have developed, taking into account Russian conditions, models and a concept of sustainable development of society, based on the developed system of social indicators. The collective monograph “The New Paradigm for the Development of Russia” (edited by academicians V.A. Koptyug, V.F. Matrosov and Doctor of Sociology V.K. Levashov), published on the basis of the research carried out, caused big interest not only among sociologists, but also among representatives of other fields scientific knowledge.
Based on the created survey network, sociological studies of the electoral behavior of the population were systematically carried out in monitoring mode, both during parliamentary and presidential elections. The sociological forecasts made on their basis turned out to be very close to reality and were highly appreciated by the Central Election Commission. The significance and features of parliamentary and presidential elections are thoroughly disclosed in studies conducted under the leadership of A.A. Chesnakov. The topic “Power and Elections” in all its aspects was constantly in the focus of attention of the Institute’s scientists.
The emphasis in the institute's research work (especially in recent years) has been on problems at the intersection of sociology and political science, sociology and demography, sociology and economics, and other branches of scientific knowledge. This made it possible to ensure an integrated approach to the phenomena and processes being studied, evidence and reliability of the information obtained during research. Analysis of the social and socio-political situation in Russia and the CIS countries, as well as forecasting the consequences of reforming Russian society, were carried out on the basis of a systematic analysis of official statistics, Russian and foreign publications, and the results of ongoing sociological research.
We began to turn more to the historical past of our fatherland, to more actively resist its indiscriminate denial and denigration. The works of Doctor of History were met with interest. N.N.Yakovleva, Ph.D. V.V. Sukhodeeva, Doctor of Historical Sciences G.L. Bondarevsky, Ph.D. G.N.Kolbay, who were able to objectively show events important for the history of the country and the role of outstanding personalities in them.
Considerable attention was paid to the analysis of the history and prospects for the development of global trends in sociological knowledge, including sociological science in Russia (project director, Doctor of Philology V.P. Kultygin). Proposed original version development of common sociological theory, taking into account the trends in the evolution of world sociological thought and the socio-cultural specifics of Russian society (project manager, Doctor of Philology L.N. Moskvichev).
The institute's staff continued the research begun in the 80s on the fundamental problems of theory, methodology and methods of sociological science. The attention of the scientific community was attracted by the books "Russian Sociological Encyclopedia", "Encyclopedic Sociological Dictionary", published in Russian, English, German, French and Czech, "Sociological Encyclopedic Dictionary", a textbook for higher educational institutions "Sociology", a book on the history of Western European sociology, collections "Sociology and Power" and many others.
Among the recent works, the collective monographs “The Global Crisis of Western Civilization and Russia” and “Prospects for Russia in the 21st Century. World and Internal Russian Processes” (ed. G.V. Osipov, T.T. Timofeev), author’s works by G.V. Osipov "Russia: national idea. Social interests and priorities", "Sociology and social myth-making", "The next tasks of reforming Russia", "The paradigm of the new world order and Russia", "Social myth-making and social practice", "The Social Cost of Neoliberal Reform" (co-authored with V.V. Lokosov), "Ten Years That Shook Russia" (co-authored with V.V. Martynenko).
Along with the sociological works themselves, works on political sociology, in particular, the "Political Encyclopedia", the expert council for the publication of which included academicians V.N. Kudryavtsev, G.V. Osipov, V.L. Makarov, received a positive assessment from the scientific community , corresponding member R.G. Yanovsky, member of the Scientific and Editorial Council - corresponding member. V.N.Ivanov, A.V. Dmitriev, Ph.D. Alisova. The publishing project was directly headed by Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences. G.Yu.Semigin. (now Deputy Speaker of the State Duma). Almost simultaneously, another work in the same vein was published, entitled “Political Sociology.”
Since the second half of the 90s, the attention of a number of scientists at the institute has been attracted by integration processes within the CIS, especially on a bilateral basis. The problems of comprehensive rapprochement between Russia and Belarus and the creation of a single union state were at the center of scientific research. In the course of a joint Russian-Belarusian sociological study of public opinion of the population of both countries (co-directors of the project are Academician of the National Academy of Sciences E.M. Babosov, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.N. Ivanov), fairly representative data were obtained characterizing social expectations, assessments and ideas about what happened in this area of processes both in Belarus and in Russia. Recently, the directorate of the institute decided to create a scientific unit that will study the process of creating a single union state of Russia - the Republic of Belarus (headed by V.V. Kachalov).
Considering the growing influence of globalization processes on all countries, the institute’s scientists have intensified scientific research in the field of problems of the new world order (Academician G.V. Osipov), sustainable development (Academician V.M. Matrosov, Doctor of Science V.K. Levashov ), cultural and civilizational approach (Doctor of Philology I.B. Orlova), problems of preservation and development of intellectual potential (corresponding member R.G. Yanovsky).
Systematic communication of the results of scientific research has become firmly established in practice. power structures: Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, Government, State Duma Committees, Security Council, as well as through the media of the general public. Over the years, the director of the institute, his deputies and other employees were members of the Scientific Council under the Security Council, expert councils of the State Duma and the Federation Council, ministries and departments.
Scientific contacts with the Moscow Government were systematic, on whose instructions the institute conducted research on problems relevant to the city and its residents. The Institute has concluded agreements on creative cooperation with a number of scientific and educational institutions of the country: Moscow State University, Moscow State Law Academy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Institute military history and others.
The Directorate and the Scientific Council of the ISPI RAS paid constant attention to international scientific relations. Among the most significant joint events with scientists from other countries are the Russian-Belarusian, Russian-Yugoslavian conferences on the problems of transformation of societies (held alternately in Minsk, Moscow and Belgrade), the Russian-American conference “Russia and the West” (Washington), events of the UNESCO International Department of Sociology and Humanities (headed by Doctor of Philology A.S. Kapto), participation of Institute scientists in world sociological and political science congresses, performances in foreign media mass media. Regular scientific contacts are maintained with scientists from Belarus, Germany, France, Kazakhstan, China, Yugoslavia, Israel, the USA, Iran, Ukraine and other countries.
successful publishing activities The institute was facilitated by the creation of the Editorial and Publishing Center (headed by O.V. Deinichenko). His employees in as soon as possible managed to organize the release of a whole series fundamental work scientists of the institute, the journal "Science. Politics. Entrepreneurship", collective monographs.
Since its organization, the institute has been running postgraduate and doctoral studies, and has organized internships for scientists from other countries and regions. Three dissertation councils for the defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations are functioning successfully.
Summing up the first decade of the institute’s activities, there is enough reason to assert that our research has made it possible not only to obtain new empirical data about the society in which we live, but also to systematize it properly and, most importantly, to comprehend this data. In creating a holistic picture of scientific knowledge about present-day Russia, there is our significant contribution, and this gives rise to a feeling of satisfaction with what has been done, on the one hand, and, on the other, the consciousness that this is only a kind of foundation for the future building that is to be built (of course, first in theory, and then in practice). Creating a model of the future society desired by the working majority is a task of paramount importance.
The high effectiveness of the research carried out by the institute is largely due to the fact that the directorate and the Academic Council managed to involve scientific work many “outside” scientists working both in academic institutions and in various departments. An important factor ensuring such unity was not only the scientific integrity of the institute’s scientists, but also civil position director, members of the directorate and members of the Academic Council.
We live in difficult, perhaps even tragic times, but I want to believe that, just like in previous times of Russian history, the people will be able to save the country and not only get out of the protracted crisis, but also rise up for new achievements. And scientists will make their worthy contribution to this noble cause.
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