Special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, what units. Special forces of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

The Special Forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was founded on August 29, 1957. It was then that five separate units appeared, which were subordinate to the commanders of groups of forces and military districts. Special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs annually celebrate their professional holiday on this day. And the most prepare an excellent program, during which they demonstrate their professional skills (fighting with an enemy, breaking bricks, etc.). In this article we will briefly tell you about the special forces of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. So let's get started.

Form

The special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs includes several units, each of which has its own uniform. The costumes of fighters differ depending on the tasks they perform. The uniform of special forces using camouflage weapons is especially different in comparison. Sometimes it happens that soldiers sew clothes to order. The fighters wear only the most durable and comfortable footwear - ankle boots. Headdress - beret (gray or maroon). Special forces equipment is classic white or green camouflage with black spots. Stripes (chevrons) and badges are purchased separately, although this moment some military units give them out free of charge. Most often, chevrons are round in shape with the special forces emblem. Very often, stripes are purchased for demobilization. In this case, the chevron, according to special forces tradition, is stitched with white thread. Due to intense training, the uniform wears out very quickly. Because of this, soldiers also have to change it frequently.

Weapon

Currently, the army of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (special forces) is very well prepared to conduct sabotage and reconnaissance operations. That's why most of The weapons of this unit are intended for reconnaissance and secret penetration into enemy territory. Very often fighters use silent weapon and indirect fire weapons that allow you to shoot while hiding around a corner. Another popular group of guns is high-precision sniper rifles. They are designed to defeat the enemy from a distance of up to 1.5 km. For a special forces soldier, it is very important to hit the enemy with one shot, which is why most units have such rifles in their arsenal. The modern army uses large-caliber rifled weapons used to destroy military equipment And Vehicle. Also, certain special forces companies are supplied with weapons for underwater shooting.

Standards

The standards for joining the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation are not very complicated. However, to achieve good results you will have to spend a lot of time and effort. The following requirements are put forward to the candidate:

• The 100-meter dash is no more than 13 seconds.
• Complex strength exercise - 15 times.
• Pull-ups - at least 18 times.
• A three-kilometer cross-country race takes no more than 12 minutes.
• at 100 meters - no more than 25 seconds.

Fighting technique and training

The special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are trained in a combat system with which they can defeat almost any opponent. At the same time, it provides that the enemy can possess different And the main attention in the training process is aimed at searching weak points opponent. It is worth noting that this fighting technique can also be learned by a civilian. That is why now there are so many people who want to master special forces hand-to-hand combat and fight back in the event of an attack by an ill-wisher. The techniques you have learned will help you protect yourself in any situation and even fight several opponents at the same time.

For a long time, special forces training was strictly classified and remained exclusively known to special forces soldiers. All training operations were practiced in real conditions, and specialists recorded the behavior, psychological stability and combat skills of soldiers during stressful situations. Each fighter was obliged to hone fighting techniques to the ideal, because sometimes not only the life of the soldier himself, but also of all his colleagues depended on the success of assimilation.

Highest award

Most highest award for any soldier who is part of the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is Some soldiers take the exam several times, but never achieve their goal. To obtain it, you need to go through many difficult tests, ranging from running for many kilometers to sparring (in protective equipment) with the best fighters. If the soldier manages to withstand the battle and stay on his feet, he will be given the coveted maroon beret - a symbol of strength and courage. Every year many soldiers graduate from special forces schools, but only a few wear this headdress.

- These are small detachments whose purpose is to carry out secret reconnaissance operations and complex combat operations. Companies and battalions of these special forces perform operational tasks in full or partial autonomy from the main groupings of troops and in extreme conditions. Distinctive features the elite of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - surprise, audacity, pressure, speed, coherence of joint actions.

Stages of special forces development

The basis for the creation of special forces is the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of December 31, 1977. According to him, the first, and now famous, “Vityaz” detachment was created from the training company. It was prepared to prevent and eliminate emergency situations on Olympic Games in 1980 Employees were trained to respond quickly in the event of a hostage situation, both on the ground and in the air.

At the same time appeared famous symbol special forces - a maroon beret, and their own ritual-exam to obtain it.

In the early 90s, special forces expanded, the “Rus”, “Skif”, “Rosich”, “Typhoon”, “Mercury” and others detachments were created.

By mid-2000, 16 units were functioning. The impetus for the development of this area of ​​​​activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs occurred in 2008, when centers began to form and operate special purpose. Along with innovative types of units, such as paraplanetary specialists, divers, etc., the promotion of special forces began at their base. Special status these units required additional funding for training and equipment of employees, acquisition of necessary modern weapons. Within the framework of a separate operational division of the internal troops, preparation and training of command personnel began, the latest equipment was purchased, including such vehicles as the Tiger and Cascade, and a qualified Teaching Staff and the training base was strengthened, latest programs physical and combat training.

Now there are more than 30 special forces units.

Functions and tasks of a special unit of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

• ensuring and maintaining public order and state security;
• protection of special cargo and special government facilities;
• participation in defense activities of the Russian Federation;
• comprehensive assistance to border services in border protection;
• release of hostages;
• detention, disarmament of especially dangerous criminals.

Geography of the unit's special operations.

In 1995, employees participated in the release of hostages in Budenovsk, then after a while, they freed hostages in the village of Pervomaiskoye. In the first Chechen war groups of special forces carried out anti-terrorism activities high in the mountains, in isolation from the main troop groups.

He also showed himself actively at the beginning of the second Chechen company. Ten special groups, formed from operatives of the FSB and SOBR, acted according to assigned tasks in four regions of Chechnya. Deep behind enemy lines, reconnaissance activities were carried out and operations were carried out directly aimed at combating gangs. By the fall of 2002, SOBR specialists were replaced by well-trained special forces. They were endowed with special powers, acted separately, subordinate directly to their high command. By August 2004, GROUs were created, they operated in every region throughout the territory North Caucasus for the purpose of exercising command and control of the armed forces and the actions of joint forces in the fight against terror. As a result, the internal affairs command directed and coordinated the actions of the Joint Group of Forces in Chechnya and throughout the North Caucasus until the end of the campaign.

Currently, special forces units operate in Novocherkassk, Armavir, Kazan, Arkhangelsk, Ufa and other cities of Russia. They participate in anti-terrorism activities and provide conditions for eliminating unrest. The composition includes fighters and commanders who have passed complex tests, trials, participation is purely voluntary, formalized by a contract. There are already more than 10 thousand of them.

Due to the growing changes in the geopolitical situation in the world, the priority of special forces is growing every year. Therefore, narrow-profile operations are carried out by special forces soldiers in collaboration with colleagues from Greece, Austria and other countries.

In Ukraine in the Ministry of Internal Affairs system There are 13 special forces operating. In general, the Ministry of Internal Affairs has taken over many of the functions that, in accordance with the Constitution, should be performed by the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the State Security Service and other formations of law enforcement agencies.

Ukrainians, as taxpayers, must ask themselves: why do the police need heavy armored vehicles, special forces staffed exclusively by officers, including many senior officers?

Of course, this article is purely informational. After all, the debate about which special forces is “cooler” in Ukraine does not subside. Although no matter how anyone tries to prove that, for example,The special forces of the Ministry of Defense are much stronger and more deserving of wearing the proud title of special forces, one thing can be said - each of these units is designed to carry out combat missions as efficiently as possible in a wide variety of conditions. And talking about who is stronger is probably inappropriate.

Special forces of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

Bars -Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (Kyiv).

Jaguar- Separate regiment special purpose internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (Vinnitsa).

Cheetah - Separate special purpose regiment of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (Zaporozhye).

Tiger -47th Special Purpose Regiment of the Crimean Territorial Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.

The tasks of "Leopard", "Jaguar", "Cheetah" and "Tiger" includes actions in conditions of extreme complications of the operational situation - group hooliganism, mass riots, riots in places of deprivation of liberty, in addition, providing physical assistance to the border troops of Ukraine in case of complications on the border. Units can be used for combined arms purposes as assault troops in conditions armed conflict, trained to act both defensively and offensively. In normal circumstances, personnel are engaged in service and combat training and carry out patrol duty to protect public order. Small arms and light artillery weapons.

Omega - subdivision special purpose, as a battalion. Staffed by officers. The personnel are highly trained. The tasks are anti-terrorist measures in conditions of extremely complicated situations. The detachment has specialists in various fields - combat swimmers, paratroopers, sappers, snipers, climbers, etc.

Scorpion -special security unit of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine nuclear power plants and scientific institutions with nuclear reactors. Together with the paramilitary guards and guard units of the internal troops, the detachment permanently carries out the service of protecting and defending nuclear facilities; its task is to carry out anti-terrorism and anti-sabotage measures at facilities of special importance.

Skat -detachment of combat swimmers of the special purpose battalion of the Crimean territorial command of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Designed for anti-terrorism and anti-sabotage work on and under water, combating combat animals (dolphins, seals), and protecting particularly important surface and coastal structures.

Shadow - special purpose reconnaissance company of the Crimean territorial command of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The unit is designed to search and destroy terrorist and reconnaissance and sabotage groups in forest and mountainous areas, as well as conduct reconnaissance and sabotage activities in temporarily occupied territory in conditions of armed conflict (according to the legislation of Ukraine, internal troops can be involved in activities only on the territory of Ukraine).

Cobra - special purpose mountain rifle battalion of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (Sevastopol). The personnel undergo mountaineering training, the detachment is designed to operate in mountainous areas (Crimea, Carpathians) in conditions of extremely complicated operational situations, search and liquidate illegal armed groups, and perform special combined arms functions in conditions of armed conflict. In combat training, the emphasis is on mountaineering training, physical training, shooting training. Small arms and light artillery weapons. Disbanded.

Lavender- special purpose mountain rifle company of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (Simferopol). An elite unit of internal troops, recruited on a competitive basis. The candidate must have mountaineering training, be physically developed, and master the techniques hand-to-hand combat and small arms. The tasks include carrying out anti-terrorist measures in mountainous areas, eliminating illegal armed formation, detention of a particularly dangerous criminal offering armed resistance, release of hostages. In conditions of armed conflict, the company is capable of carrying out reconnaissance, sabotage and anti-sabotage activities.

Police special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

Everyone knows about the Berkut rapid response unit. So you understand, this is a real army. It has one regiment, 7 battalions and 19 companies. By the way, in addition to small arms"Berkut" is equipped with armored vehicles. The only thing missing is planes. Golden eagle- special police unit of Ukraine (analogous to the Russian riot police). After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Ukraine received 5 riot police units located on its territory. Subsequently, they and the operational/special companies of the PPSM were renamed into the Berkut special forces. Structurally, it consists of regiments, battalions, and companies located in all regional centers of Ukraine, Kyiv, and Sevastopol. The main tasks are actions in conditions of extremely complicated operational conditions, the elimination of group hooliganism and riots, the detention or liquidation of armed criminals, and force support for events carried out by local police departments. In normal circumstances, Berkut carries out patrol service to protect public order and is engaged in service training.

Falcon -special unit of the Department for combating organized crime Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. It is staffed mainly by officers. "Sokol" Structurally, it is the special operations department of the regional Organized Crime Control Department. Designed to capture especially dangerous criminals, free hostages, and provide force support for the activities of BOP units.

Titanium - special forces Civil service security guards under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (located in regional centers under the State Security Service). The tasks of the unit include the protection and defense of particularly important and particularly valuable cargo and objects in conditions of increased danger or extreme complications of the operational situation, as well as the provision of security services on a commercial basis to individuals and legal entities.

Griffin - special battalion(company) of the judicial police. The task includes the protection of judges and participants in court hearings in particularly high-profile trials, when the latter’s lives are in real danger, and the protection of participants in the witness protection program. In fact, it is not a special forces unit.

Cobra - special unit of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The task includes patrolling the roads of the regional and of national importance, search for stolen vehicles, search for criminals who have fled from investigation and trial, fight against illegal trafficking in weapons and drugs. In addition, special forces officers provide escort for top officials of the state and foreign delegations. In 2008, the units were disbanded. In 2010, the unit was restored and staffed with employees transferred from the Berkut and Sokol units. The uniform is standard for traffic police officers, the only difference being white shirts.

Special forces GDUVIN

A special unit of the State Department of Ukraine for the execution of punishments. The task of the unit is to carry out special measures in places of deprivation of liberty and temporary detention facilities for arrested persons (pre-trial detention centers, penitentiaries): combating riots, release of hostages, etc.

Medical special forces

699 MOSN at 408 OVG Kyiv - Special Purpose Medical Unit (MOSN) - a military unit designed to perform tasks of providing first medical, qualified and elements of specialized medical care, temporary hospitalization, preparation for evacuation to medical institutions for further treatment and rehabilitation of victims and patients near centers of mass sanitary losses in any peacetime and wartime conditions: in combat zones, liquidation of consequences natural Disasters, accidents and disasters.