The genitive case answers the questions of whom? what?

and the accusative case answers the questions of whom? What?

Confusion arises because animate nouns answer the same question in both cases: whom?.

In order to correctly determine the case or ending in a case, we learn to distinguish with the help of auxiliary words.

For genitive case This there is no one, what? no son, no home, no family, no Snow Maiden,

For accusative case This I see who, what? I see my son, house, family, Snow Maiden.

If you substitute these helper words when declension of a word or determining case, then everything will be easy and correct.

Hello. Please tell me how to write correctly!

In our case, consumer is an inanimate noun.

Option 1: The transformer substation has consumers.

Option 2: The transformer substation has voltage consumers.

Option 3: The transformer substation has consumers.

Option 4: The transformer substation has voltage consumers.

Which of the options are correct?

Compare with the proposal:

The hard drive has seals.

Everything seems to be clear here.

to come back to the beginning

Probably, here you need to be able to distinguish between the action or the form of what is happening. Most people confuse the question Who?, which is in both the nominative and accusative cases.

So here is the parent question Who? different from the accusative Who? an auxiliary word that is recommended to be remembered.

For the genitive case there is the word no, and for the accusative case there is the word that. By asking a question with an auxiliary word, we also get a noun with a different ending. Example - no sister, hamster, rye - genitive case. I see my sister, a hamster, rye - accusative case.

Here is a table with auxiliary words for each case, which make it easier to determine the case.

In order to determine whether the case is accusative or genitive, you first need to determine whether the noun is animate. The fact is that animate nouns, both in the genitive and accusative cases, answer the question of whom?. If the noun is inanimate, it answers in the genitive case to what?, but in the accusative case to what? - a question that coincides with a question word in the nominative case.

The noun needs to be checked to see whether it combines in the genitive case with the word no. For example, in the question No what?. The accusative case is checked by compatibility with verbs that are in the first person, singular, present tense, for example, I know, I see. I see what? - a chair or I see someone? - student. As we see, the forms of the accusative and genitive cases are the same for animate and masculine nouns of the second declension.

Instead of an animate masculine noun in the second declension, substitute any word of the first declension. For example, No one? - student, Who do I see? - student. In the first declension for the genitive case y, and for the accusative case y.

We replace the plural noun with an inanimate noun of the same form, after which we determine the case in the same way. For example - I know (who?) people should be replaced with I know (what?) names. It turns out that names are plural nouns in the accusative case.

If we take the example with the genitive case, we replace I know the address of (who?) friends with I know the addresses of (what?) companies. Firm is in the genitive plural.

Try to determine the case of nouns that are not declined (coffee, coat, etc.) using key questions. If it is difficult to determine from the questions, use the option with replacement by any noun (declension).

I was once confused with this too. So, the genitive case answers the question of who and what, and the accusative case answers who, what. The simplest thing that can be done in this case to distinguish the case is to substitute the word I see or not. If the word no fits, then the case is genitive; if I see, then the case is accusative.

The problem with determining case occurs only for animate nouns, because inanimate nouns answer different questions in the genitive and accusative case and therefore have different endings. In the genitive case, this is a question of what? and what about the accusative? Therefore, the easiest way to deal with animate nouns is to kill them, excuse the expression. It will look something like this: I brought home a rabbit, the question is Who?, the noun is animate, so we kill it this way: I brought home the carcass of a rabbit, the question turns out to be What?, and therefore the case is accusative. Same with the option I don’t have a rabbit. Again the question of Who? and incomprehensible case We kill, we get I don’t have a rabbit skin and the question turns out to be What?, and therefore the genitive case. This is how we were taught at school, a little brutally, but it was easy to remember.

To distinguish the accusative case from the parent case, you need to ask the question:

For the accusative case - Should you blame someone (or what) for your troubles? answer: yourself, your laziness, TV.

For the genitive case, ask the question: Who is guilty? - lawyer. The culprit doesn't have what? - protection.

The genitive answers the questions: Who?, What?, for example: I don’t have (Who? What?) brother, mug. The accusative answers the questions: Who?, What? Example: I received (Who? What?) brother, a mug.

It can be difficult distinguish genitive from accusative in a sentence. The fact is that for animate nouns, both of these cases answer the question whom?. You can replace an animate object with an inanimate one in such a sentence and see what kind of question you can ask: if what?, then this is the genitive case if What? accusative.

For example:

• I see an elephant (who?). Let's replace the word elephant on table. I see a table (what?). Therefore, there is an accusative case here.
• There is not a single elephant (who?). By analogy we get: There is not a single table (what?). This means that in the above sentence the genitive case is used.

• Declension by case refers to the section of the Russian language. The genitive case answers the questions -NO- who? what?, and the accusative case - I SEE - who? What?. That is, when determining cases, it is enough to substitute the corresponding words and check whether the word being tested corresponds to the corresponding case. Then you won’t have to remember a bunch of all the rules.

  Schoolchildren usually confuse and poorly distinguish between the accusative and genitive cases. I myself remembered that I had difficulty at school until I was told an effective way, which is to substitute the word I see. I see (who? what?) a window, a street, a mother, a magazine.

  And the genitive case has questions of whom? what? To determine the genitive case, you can also substitute the word No. There is no (who? what?) window, street, magazine.

What case is needed for negation?

A noun referring to a negative verb can take the genitive or accusative form, for example: didn't read this article - didn't read this article. The difficulty lies in the fact that in some cases one case or another is preferable, while in others there is an equal opportunity to use both the genitive and accusative cases.

When is the genitive case needed?

When combined with a verb Not have: Not It has rights, values, sense, intentions, concepts, influence; Not It has Houses, money, cars, brother, friend, information.

If there are words no, nobody's neither one : did not take any responsibility, did not lose a single gram, did not read a single article.

With verbs of perception, thought: didn’t understand the question, didn’t know the lesson, didn’t feel pain, didn’t notice the mistake, didn’t see the road sign.

If the noun has an abstract meaning: does not waste time, does not feel desire, does not hide joy.

If a pronoun is used as a dependent word: I won’t allow this; don't do that.

If there are intensifying particles before the verb or immediately before the name And, even : We were leaving behind shopping three of us, But Lyuba And words say Not succeeded, old men themselves All chose(Kettle.); Hands trembling And Not hold even bowls With medicine - Not hold them And books(Sart.); On sidewalks closely, But nobody you Not will push, nobody neither With by whom Not quarrels, Not you'll hear even loud words(gas.)

If there is a repeating conjunctionno no: does not read either books or newspapers.

Notplays roles, Not produces impression, Not draws does not pay attention, does not pay attention,Not brings damage, Not gives significance, no doubt, does not participate etc. And also: Not speaking (Not having said) thin words; Not reduce eye With whom-what-l.; Not find to myself places; whip butt Not you'll kill me.

When is the accusative case needed?

If negative Not stands not with a verb, but with another word:I don’t really like poetry, I don’t always read books, I haven’t fully mastered the subject(cf.: I love poetry, but not very much; reads books, but not always; mastered the subject, but not completely).

If a verb, in addition to this noun, must have one more dependent noun or adjective: he doesn't find the book interesting; I didn’t read the article last night; did not provide the region with electricity; Isn't it You Not do you think this practice useful?

If the noun refers to an infinitive separated from a negated verb by another infinitive: he doesn't want to start writing his memoirs(cf. he doesn't want to write memoirs And memoirs).

If there are pronouns in a sentence indicating the definiteness of the object: This song Not you'll strangle, Not you will kill; he didn't solve this problem(cf.: he didn't solve problems); Rostov, Not wanting impose yours acquaintance, Not went V house(L. Tolstoy).

If there is a subordinate clause with the word after the noun which : He didn't read the book I gave him.

With an animate noun or with a proper noun: Co time my conduction I Not I love Lesnaya street(Paust.); But Surovtsev already understood, What leave, Not having seen I believe, Not V forces(Chuck.).

If negation is part of the particle barely Not, a little Not, a little-a little Not: Barely Not dropped cup; A little Not missed it tram; A little was Not lost ticket.

In actually negative sentences likeNo one show work; nowhere publish article.

In some stable combinations: Not fool to me head; Not rock teeth.

In other cases, nouns in the described constructions can usually be used in the form of both the genitive case and the accusative case.

Which case was used earlier in these constructions - genitive or accusative?

Previously, verbs with negation almost always used the genitive case. “Russian Grammar” writes: “The single old norm of the obligatory genitive case for verbs with negation in the modern language under the influence of colloquial speech is not maintained: in many cases, the use of the accusative case is not only preferred, but is also the only correct one.”

The strict obligatory nature of the genitive case for a verb with negation was questioned already in the 19th century. Objecting to the criticism, A. S. Pushkin wrote: “The verse “I don’t want to quarrel for two centuries” seemed incorrect to the criticism. What does the grammar say? That an active verb, controlled by a negative particle, no longer requires the accusative, but the genitive case. For example me Not writing poems. But in my verse the verb quarrel we control not a particle Not, and by the verb Want. Ergo rule does not apply here. Take, for example, the following sentence: I Not I can let you start writing ... poetry, and certainly not poems. Is it really possible that the electrical force of a negative particle must pass through this entire chain of verbs and be reflected in a noun? I don’t think so” (from the article “Rebuttal to Critics”, 1830).

References:

Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language. –3rd ed., erased. M., 2008.

Russian grammar / Ed. N. Yu. Shvedova. M., 1980.

In Russian everything six independent cases, and nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns are declined (changed by case). But schoolchildren often have difficulty determining case. Students cannot always correctly put a question to a word, and this leads to mistakes. Particular difficulties arise when a word has the same form in different cases.

There are several techniques that will help you accurately determine the case of a word.

1. Statement of the question.

Please note that the question must be case, and not semantic. For questions where? Where? When? Why? case cannot be determined.

Both candidates(who? – R. p.).

What happened in 1812?(in what? – P. p.).

After the concert five(I. p.) spectators(whom? – R. p.) stayed in the hall(in what? – P. p.).

In ten minutes(through what? – V. p.) he (I. p.) returned.

She is happy with the new car(how? – etc.).

2. Exist auxiliary words, which can help in determining case:

Case	Auxiliary word	Case question
Nominative
Genitive		whom? what?
Dative		to whom? what?
Accusative		whom? what?
Instrumental
Prepositional	speak	about whom? about what?

To distinguish homonymous case forms, the following techniques are used.

3. Replacing the singular with the plural.

To go on the road(ending -e in both D. p. and P. p.).

Walk on the roads(Why? – D. p., in P. p. – about roads).

4. Replacing the masculine gender with the feminine gender.

Met a friend(the ending -a in both R. p. and V. p.).

Met a friend(whom? – V. p., in R. p. – girlfriends).

5. The magic word is mom.

Particular difficulties arise when distinguishing the forms of accusative and genitive, accusative and nominative cases. As always, he will come to the rescue "Mother". This is the word that can be substituted into a sentence. Framed, look at the ending: mom A – nominative, mom Y – Genitive; mom U – accusative.

Perish yourself, and comrade(ending -a in both R. p. and V. p.) help out.

Die yourself, and mom(V.p.) help out.

6. Knowledge of characteristic prepositions also helps to determine case.

Case	Prepositions
Nominative
Genitive	without, at, from, to, with, from, near
Dative
Accusative	on, for, under, through, in, about,
Instrumental	above, behind, under, with, before, between
Prepositional	in, about, about, on, at

As you can see, there are prepositions that are characteristic of only one case: without– for genitive case (no hitch); by, to – for dative case (through the forest, towards the house), oh, oh, at – for prepositional case (about three heads, in front of you).

Let us remember that the case of the adjective is determined by the case of the word being defined. In order to determine the case of an adjective, it is necessary to find in the sentence the noun to which it refers, because the adjective is always in the same case as the word being defined.

I'm happy with the new coat. Adjective new refers to a noun coat in T. p., therefore, new – etc.

Still have questions? Don't know how to determine case?
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Instructions

In order to determine case names, it is necessary, first of all, to pose a question to. Words related to nominative case y, to the questions WHO? WHAT? If you asked questions WHO? or WHAT?, then you have a noun used in the accusative form case A.

Determine what the noun is. If the word is the subject, i.e. the main member of the sentence, then it is used in the nominative form case a.Accusative case om denotes a word that is a minor member in a sentence, a direct object. For example, ask the guys to define case in this sentence.
The girl writes. Ask them to pose questions, determine which member of the sentence they are. They should come to the following result. The word "girl" answers the question WHO?, is the subject, which means it is used in the nominative case e. And the word “letter” is a minor member of the sentence, a direct object. It answers the question WHAT? and therefore is used in the accusative case e.

Draw the attention of schoolchildren to the fact that the noun is used with or without it. Words in the nominative case They are not used without prepositions. In the accusative - they have prepositions ON, FOR, THROUGH, IN, etc.

It is also worthwhile when determining case and compare the endings in . So, nouns of the first declension will have endings A, Z, if they are in the nominative form case A. Accordingly, in the accusative case e - U, Yu. For example, in the first declension noun “wall” the ending is A. It is used in the nominative case e. The word "wall" U. This means it has an accusative case.

Case indicates the role of a word in a sentence. You can use the helper phrase WHO DOES WHAT to distinguish between nominative and accusative case to her.

“Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl and Ordered to Drag a Diaper” - the first letters of this literary nonsense orderly read out the list of cases. There are six types of cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. Each of them speaks about the temporary state of a particular noun, which can change in case form. Determining the type of case of a noun is not difficult; you just need to figure out what question each case answers.

Instructions

Case nominative– initial, real sound of the word. Answers the questions “who?” or “what?” If it is inanimate, for example: a window, a house, a book, a bus, then it answers the question “what?”, and if it is animate, for example, a girl, an elephant, a mother, Rita, then, accordingly, it answers the question “who?” This distribution according to the liveliness of the subject will concern everyone, which is why each case has two questions. Example 1. Man (who?) is an animate noun in the nominative case, machine (what?) is an inanimate noun in the nominative case.

Genitive case, from the word “to give birth to whom?” or “what?” No matter how funny it may sound, this is exactly how the question should be asked. A number of questions are the same, so some words will sound the same, the main thing is to put the case question correctly. Example 2. A person (whom?) is an animate noun in the genitive case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the genitive case.

The accusative case answers the question: “whom to blame?” or “what?” In the above example, an inanimate noun coincides, so the case is determined logically, according to meaning. Example 4. A person (who?) is an animate noun in the accusative case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the accusative case. But if it makes sense: I bought a car (genitive case), but crashed the car (accusative case).

The instrumental case sounds like: “to create by whom?” or “what?” Example 5. By a person (by whom?) is an animate noun in the instrumental case, by a machine (by what?) is an inanimate noun in the instrumental case.

Prepositional case - posing a question that is not consonant with its name: “to talk about whom?” or “about what?” It is easy to determine a word in this case, since a noun in this case always has . Example 6. About a person (about whom?) is an animate noun in the prepositional case, about a car (about what?) is an inanimate noun in the prepositional case.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice

Even if a case question does not match the meaning in a given sentence, it should still be asked to determine the case of a noun.

Related article

Sources:

• School experience
• cases example words

Tip 3: How to distinguish the genitive case of a noun from the accusative case

Cases of the Russian language is a category of a word that shows its syntactic role in a sentence. Schoolchildren memorize the names of cases and their signs, that is, questions, but sometimes difficulties arise. For example, when you need to distinguish the genitive case from the accusative case.

You will need

• Knowledge of the Russian language according to the school curriculum, nouns in the accusative and genitive cases,

Instructions

There are six: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. To determine case, auxiliary words and questions are used. The spelling of the ending of a word depends on this. Very often they confuse the genitive (no: whom? what?) and the accusative (blame: whom? what?), since the questions to animate objects are asked the same: “who?”

Ask a question. If in doubt, ask a qualifying question to the noun: “no what?” (for genitive) and "I see what?" (for accusative). If a word takes the form of the nominative case, it means that in this case it is accusative. For example: small fish (accusative: I see what? a fish, you cannot say: there’s nothing? a fish).

If you need to determine the case in order to place endings, substitute the word “cat” or any other word instead of the noun, but be sure to use the first one. Depending on the ending, determine the case. For example: pride in the teacher is the accusative case, because, substituting the word “cat” in place of the noun, we get: pride in the cat. The ending "u" indicates the accusative case. The ending "and" is in the genitive.

Analyze the relationship of words in. Genitive, as a rule, the relationship between a part and the whole (a glass of milk), belonging to something (a sister’s jacket), it is used in comparison (more beautiful than a queen). The accusative is used to convey spatio-temporal relations (work for a week), the transition from an action to an object (drive a car).

Use the same methods for the inflexible. For example: put on a coat (put on a cat - accusative case), do without coffee (do without a cat - genitive).

note

The accusative case denotes the complete coverage of the object by the action, a certain amount (drink milk), and the genitive case denotes the extension of the action to part of the object (drink milk).

Helpful advice

An inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike the same noun in the genitive case: I saw a house (accusative), there were no houses in the area (genitive)

Sources:

• Page dedicated to the grammatical characteristics of a noun

Unlike the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are only six of them. The endings of words in different cases may be the same, so to determine the case, you need to ask the correct question about the word being checked.

Instructions

To determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase it is part of. Find the word that the noun you are checking refers to - that’s why words you will ask a question. For example, you are given the phrase “I love dogs,” and you need to determine the case of the noun “dogs.” The word “dogs” in this sentence is subordinate to the word “love”. Therefore, you will ask a case question as follows: “I love whom?”

Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, in the nominative case they answer the question “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “is” can be substituted for this case. For example, there is (who?). The question of the genitive case is “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “no” can be substituted for the noun in this case. Dative to the question “to whom?/what?” and is combined with the auxiliary word “give”. The question of the accusative case is “who?” or “what?”, and its auxiliary word is “blame.” Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question “by whom?/what?” and are combined with the words “created” and “pleased.” Finally, with the following questions: “about whom?/about what?”, “in whom?/in what?”. One of the auxiliary words of this case is the word “I think”.

To determine case, you first need to find the noun or pronoun to which it refers. Having determined the case of this main word, you will also recognize the case of the adjective, since they always agree in gender, number and case with those nouns () on which they depend. For example, “Kolya ate a big pear,” the noun “pear” is used in the accusative case, therefore the case of the adjective “big” related to it is also accusative.

A noun is a part of speech that designates a person or thing and answers the questions “who?” So what?". Nouns change according to cases, of which there are six in the Russian language. To prevent cases from being confused with each other, there is a strict system of rules and differences between them. To be able to correctly and quickly determine the accusative case, you need to know its questions and what it is used for.

Instructions

To never make a mistake with the case of a noun, remember that each of them has unique questions specific to it, by asking which you will receive the corresponding one. Accusative case questions are the question “I see who?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.

In addition, learn the definitions of the accusative case of the Russian language, or, more precisely, the cases when it is used. So, the accusative case denotes the transfer of temporal and spatial relations (week, walk a kilometer); transition of the action entirely to the object (driving a car, leafing through a book). Very rarely the accusative case as a dependence on (offended for a friend).

However, even using rules or endings, it is sometimes very difficult to determine case, so always use special questions. In terms of its questions, the accusative case partially coincides with the genitive and nominative. To avoid confusing them, do the following: if in front of you, and it answers the question “who?”, which coincides with, substitute it instead

The accusative case answers the questions "who? what?" and is used in sentences and phrases only with verbs and its forms (participle and gerund). The most common function of this case in the Russian language is the expression of the direct object of the action: I read a book, draw a picture and so on. What else can the accusative case mean, and how to distinguish it from the genitive? Read the article below!

What does case mean?

The case discussed in the article can have completely different meanings.

For example:

• The accusative tense will indicate the time of an already completed action - “meet every Tuesday.”
• The accusative quantity should be used to denote cost when there is a reference to the quantitative side of the verbal action - “cost one hundred rubles.”
• A noun in the accusative case of measure will indicate a measure of time or space - “to run three kilometers.”
• The accusative of the object will name the object to which the action is directed - “throw the ball.”
• The accusative of the result will designate an object that will be the result of some action - “sew a T-shirt.”

In order to correctly determine the case in front of you, you need to know the questions of the accusative case (who? what?). Substitute “blame” or “see” with the word, and you will immediately understand everything. For example, I blame (who?) my grandmother, I see (what?) a cutlet.

Case meanings

This form of the word has two main meanings: objective and subjective.

1. The objective meaning may appear next to a transitive verb ( buy a cat), next to the predicate ( sorry, visible, necessary, painful, sorry for the dog) and in one-part sentences expressing the required object ( reward for the brave).
2. Subjective meaning can only be expressed in a sentence (not in a phrase). The accusative case, located at the beginning of a sentence, which tells us about the state of the person ( The boys were inspired by the award). The subject meaning is expressed by the case in sentences like “The child is shivering.” This meaning is also expressed by sentences that do not have a clear subject of action ( a person was killed).

Case endings

Questions in the accusative case also determine its ending.

So, what should be the endings for these forms of words?

• Singular nouns: horse, land, mother, pig, field, mouse, path, banner.
• Accusative case of plural (the number plays a big role in setting the correct ending) number: horses, land, mothers, pigs, fields, mice, paths, banners.
• Adjectives and participles in the singular have the following endings: oval and oval, oval, oval; soft and soft, soft, soft; hare and hare, hare, hare.

Accusative prepositions

This case can be combined with a large number of prepositions, both simple and derivative. If a word is combined with simple prepositions (in, for, under, on, with), then it has a definitive meaning. Moreover, this definition can be different - by place, time, property, reason, purpose, and so on. Paired with a simple preposition, a word in the case we are analyzing can also have an objective meaning ( vote for a deputy, go mushroom hunting). The word can also perform the function of replenishing the necessary information ( got a reputation for being a talker).

In the whole sentence, the form of the word in the accusative case paired with a simple preposition performs other functions. For example, case can indicate a predicative feature ( medal for bravery). The accusative case can even extend the sentence ( a kilometer from the village there is a lake; Miracles happen on New Year's Day). Paired with the prepositions “for” and “under,” the word can express the meaning of approximate ( he is over forty, she is under fifty).

Also, words in the accusative case form can be combined with derived prepositions ( despite, despite, a day later).

How to distinguish the accusative from the genitive: method one

In order not to confuse the cases of the Russian language, you need to remember that each of them has its own question, depending on the meaning of the case. By asking a universal question and finding a match for it, you will easily understand which case the word is in front of your eyes. The genitive case often denotes belonging, the whole-part relationship, a sign of an object in relation to some other object, an object of influence, and so on.

This form of the word is associated with the questions “no who?”, “no what?”. The accusative case will answer the questions “I see who?”, “I see what?” It is very difficult to determine the form of a word only by its meaning or ending. It is too difficult to remember all the meanings of the genitive and accusative case; they have many nuances. And the endings of nouns in these forms may even coincide!

Difficulties can especially often arise in determining the case of an animate noun. If the question is “who?” does not help you cope with the task, then imagine an inanimate noun in place of the animate noun. Ask a question for the genitive “no what?” and for the accusative “I see what?” If the word being defined has the same form as in the nominative case, then it is in the accusative case.

How to distinguish the accusative from the genitive: method two

• If the noun in front of you is inanimate, just ask the right question ( I buy (what?) flowerpots; I don’t see (what?) pots). In the second case, the word is in the genitive case.
• If you see an animate noun of the 2nd declension masculine, put any word of the 1st declension in its place and watch the ending ( I see a boar - I see a fox: ending y - genitive); ( no boar - no fox: ending ы - accusative).
• If you see an animate noun in the plural, then simply replace it with an inanimate noun ( I love people - I love (that) letters- accusative; I love the kindness of people - I love the kindness of letters- genitive).

Remember that the Russian language has many indeclinable nouns ( coffee, flower pots and so on), looking the same in any case. In this case, all higher-level advice may not be suitable. Always check the correctness of the case definition with a key question, and there will be no mistakes.