The Chechen war did not escape Alpha. Almost everyone left. This happened in 1995 and 1996. They were engaged not only in their direct business - anti-terrorism, but also in what they ordered. They were ordered to be guarded by high authorities - they were guarded. In December 1995, the Secretary of the Security Council and Plenipotentiary Representative of the Russian Federation in the Chechen Republic, Oleg Lobov, was in the combat zone. Soldiers from Group “A” provided security for his residence and were ready to provide cover along his routes and during work meetings. The situation at that time was extremely tense, but, as you know, the Secretary of the Security Council is alive and well to this day. The active concentration of bandit formations in the vicinity of Grozny, the increasing incidence of ambushes, shelling, and attacks on federal forces necessitated the need to escort a convoy of vehicles with ZAS equipment, ammunition, and food. Only five Alpha fighters prepared and organized the unhindered passage of the column through populated areas hostile to federal troops. Suffice it to say that the length of the route was 200 kilometers. It was often necessary to conduct military operations. Thus, a Chechen bandit, having taken refuge on the outskirts of Grozny, fired aimed fire at a federal troops checkpoint. Federal attempts to destroy him were unsuccessful. The group's sniper suppressed the machine gun emplacement with several shots. To understand the conditions under which the special forces soldiers had to work, I will give only an excerpt from the official document of group “A”, prepared in hot pursuit. “On February 27, 1996, at about 5 p.m., an FSB officer working in the territorial department was killed on Pervomaiskaya Street. The car and personal weapons of the murdered man were stolen. On the night of February 28-29 at 3 o’clock a signal was received to introduce reinforcements. Checkpoints in the area of the Sunzha River were fired at by groups of illegal formations. On February 2, at 17:00, a battle broke out in the area of the Khankala airport. At the same time, a battle took place in the area of the Minutka cafe. On March 5, the militants sharply intensified their actions; cases of shelling of checkpoints during the day and at night became more frequent. On March 6, the FSB department received reports. information about the actions of the militants in Grozny. In particular, they managed to gain a foothold in the Oktyabrsky, Staropromyslovsky districts and the village of Chernorechye. In the area of the Severny airport, more than 200 militants concentrated in the nearby state farm. They blocked all highways and created rubble. on the roads. There were a large number of dead and wounded at the federal forces' checkpoints, many commandant's offices did not communicate, and ammunition was running out. All checkpoints radioed for help. The 6th checkpoint in the area of Minutka Square was blocked by Basayev’s militants, who shouted: “We will win!” On March 7, the situation in the city of Grozny became seriously complicated. All checkpoints of the federal forces are surrounded by militants; at some of them, due to losses, only a few could continue to hold the defense. There were practically no reinforcements and supplies of ammunition. According to radio intercepts, the militants were given the following order:
“To all commanders, to all militants. There is an order throughout the Chechen Republic to open fire to kill. We are slowly taking the city into our own hands.” This was the March capture of Grozny by bandits. Then, as you know, the Dudayevites were forced out of the city, but the commanders of the federal forces did not draw any conclusions. Although in fairness it should be noted: this was not the case everywhere. Upon returning from a business trip, the senior group of employees of department “A” will write in his report:
“The absence of permanent dedicated forces of federal troops with armored vehicles at the FSB in the Chechen Republic creates difficulties with the allocation of a direct support and blocking group at the time of the operation, and in the event of an emergency it will lead to the complete isolation of the buildings of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the government of the Chechen Republic.” The emergency arose in August of that year, a few months after this warning. On August 6, militants entered Grozny. These buildings were blocked. In the FSB dormitory, surrounded by Alfa’s colleagues, soldiers of the Vympel special forces, fought heroically. As is known, 15 federal security service employees were killed in this battle, including Vympel employee Major Sergei Romashin. They say that later, after the Grozny events, they brought up a certificate prepared by Alpha. Its author essentially predicted a future tragedy, but it was too late. It was with difficulty that Romashin’s body was found and taken out of Chechnya. The militants celebrated their victory.
I cited this case to emphasize: the fighters of special forces “A” learned to fight not only bravely and courageously, but also deeply consciously, skillfully analyzing the combat situation, making sober and very competent conclusions. True, their conclusions often remained a voice crying in the wilderness. But this is a topic for a completely different conversation.
And now about the main task of “Alpha” in that Chechen war - anti-terrorism. It is unlikely that anyone today needs to prove that sabotage and terror were the main weapons of the militants. No matter what the pro-Dudaev propaganda sang about the fearlessness of the bandits, they felt extremely uncomfortable in open battle, but they succeeded in terror. It is now probably impossible to count all militant terrorist attacks. They were carried out every day, but we remember the main ones that shook Russia. For example, the brutal, gangster act of assassination of the commander of the joint group of federal troops in Chechnya, General Romanov. There were suspects in carrying out this and other terrorist attacks that resulted in numerous casualties. But simply suspects and suspects in a war, during a period of hostilities, are completely different people. In war they are armed and extremely dangerous. Who can stop them? Yes, soldiers of special forces "A". And they detained them, simultaneously confiscating grenades, pistols, and machine guns. In one of the documents of the Federal Security Service of Russia, I was able to read the following assessment of the actions of employees of department “A”:
“All the seizures were carried out in a difficult operational situation and the most negatively disposed areas of Grozny towards the federal forces, both during daylight and dark hours. The high professionalism and decisiveness of the actions of the employees did not give the criminals the opportunity to use the weapons and grenades they had and thus allowed them to escape casualties and injuries in the capture group, cover group, among detainees, as well as among civilians present at the sites of operations.
From December 14, 1995 to January 7, 1996, operational information about impending terrorist attacks at the Government House, the Russian FSB Directorate for the Chechen Republic, at the Central Market, polling stations, commandant's office, military units, against government officials became the basis for constant night reinforcement by officers units "A" of the existing security services in these buildings, as well as as mobile anti-terrorism teams."
Fortunately, Alpha's business trips to Chechnya ended without losses. Although the group lost five people directly in battles with Chechen terrorists on Russian soil. Five wonderful, young guys. These bitter losses are remembered in the unit. For the terrorists who brought grief to the families of employees are still living under the sun.
Alpha Group's operations abroad
Alpha Group carried out special operations in the following countries:
Jordan,
-Switzerland,
-Cube,
-USA,
-Afghanistan,
-Israel.
Some operations
December 18, 1976 - Zurich, Switzerland.
Exchange of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Chile, Luis Corvalan, for the Soviet dissident V. Bukovsky. Senior - Deputy commander of Group “A” Major R.P. Ivon.
July-August 1978 - Havana, Cuba.
Ensuring the safety, together with combat swimmers of the Black Sea Fleet, of the underwater part of the motor ships "Georgia" and "Leonid Sobinov", chartered to accommodate delegates of the XI World Festival of Youth and Students. The senior is the commander of Group “A” G.N. Zaitsev.
March 28, 1979 - Moscow, US Embassy.
A mentally ill resident of the city of Kherson, Yuriy Vlasenko, accompanied by the second secretary of the US Embassy R. Pringle, went to the consular section and demanded immediate travel abroad. If they refused, he threatened to detonate a homemade bomb. Negotiations conducted with the terrorist by the head of Group “A” G.N. Zaitsev, and then by his deputy. R.P. Ivon, did not lead to a positive result. By order of KGB Chairman Yu. V. Andropov, a weapon was used against the psychopath - Major S. A. Golov fired shots from a silent pistol, but the terrorist was still able to detonate the bomb and soon died from his wounds.
April 27, 1979 - New York Airport, USA.
Exchange of two Soviet intelligence officers (Vladimir Enger and Rudolf Chernyaev), sentenced to long prison terms, for five Soviet dissidents - E. Kuznetsov, M. Dymshits, A. Ginzburg, G. Vince and V. Moroz. The person in charge is the commander of Group “A” G.N. Zaitsev.
December 7-27, 1979 - Tashkent - Bagram Air Force Base, Kabul.
Providing physical protection for the future head of the PDPA and DRA Babrak Karmal and his closest associates on the eve of the coup d'etat. Responsible - V.I. Shergin.
December 27, 1979 - Kabul, Afghanistan.
As part of the non-standard combat group "Thunder" (24 people), members of the unit, together with fighters from the Zenit Special Forces of the First Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (30 people), captured the Taj Beg, also known as Amin's palace, in the Dar-ul-Aman area. Active assistance to the KGB special forces was provided by the “Muslim battalion” of the GRU and the 9th company of paratroopers of the 345th separate airborne regiment under the leadership of Senior Lieutenant V.A. Vostrotin. This operation is considered Alpha's best operation. The senior subgroups were: O. A. Balashov, S. A. Golov, V. P. Emyshev and V. F. Karpukhin. Overall command was exercised by the deputy commander of Group A, Major M. M. Romanov. The commander of "Zenith" is Ya. F. Semenov. In conjunction with Operation Storm-333, special forces soldiers were deployed together with paratroopers to capture strategically important objects located in different parts of the Afghan capital - Tsarandoy (Ministry of Internal Affairs), Air Force headquarters and the central telegraph office. The code designation for the entire operation in Kabul to change power is “Baikal-79”.
July-August 1980 - Moscow.
Ensuring the safety of the Games of the XXII Olympiad in Moscow. In addition to completing assigned tasks in the capital, combat swimmers of Group “A” (senior - V.M. Pankin) were sent to Tallinn and Estonia. Their duties included periodic inspection of the bottom waters where the regatta took place.
February-July 1981 - Afghanistan.
Fifteen employees of Group “A” (headed by V.N. Zorkin) as part of “Cascade-2” provided force cover for operational search activities and collected information about detachments operating in Kabul and its environs, seized weapons from hiding places and ensured the security of propaganda detachments, and also provided security for Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary F.A. Tabeev.
October 27-December 4, 1981 - Ordzhonikidze, North Ossetia.
Ensuring the safety of citizens in connection with the riots that took place. Responsible - Deputy commander of Group “A” R.P. Ivon.
December 18-19, 1981 - Sarapul, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Two armed deserters, A. Kolpakbaev and A. Melnikov, from the 248th Motorized Rifle Division took 25 10th grade students of secondary school No. 12 as hostages. They put forward demands: to issue visas and send them by plane to Germany or another Western country. During the liberation operation, the terrorists were neutralized and none of the hostages were injured. The senior is the commander of Group “A” G.N. Zaitsev.
November 19, 1983 - Tbilisi.
The Tu-134A plane, flying along the route Tbilisi - Leningrad with 57 passengers on board and 7 crew members, was hijacked by a group of “golden youth” of 7 people. During the raid, they killed pilots Z. Sharbatyan and A. Chedia, flight attendant V. Krutikova, as well as two passengers. Navigator A. Plotko and flight attendant I. Khimich were seriously injured and left disabled. The bandits' demand: fly to Turkey. During a shootout in the cockpit and the creation of aerodynamic overloads, the pilots managed to repel the terrorist attack, killing one of them, and blocking the door. The commander of the ship A. Gardaphadze landed at the Tbilisi airport. On November 19, the plane was freed during a combined assault undertaken by employees of Group “A” (responsible - G.N. Zaitsev). None of the passengers were injured. The capture groups were headed by M.V. Golovatov, V.V. Zabrovsky and V.N. Zaitsev.
1985-1986.
Forceful capture of twelve agents recruited by foreign intelligence services.
September 20, 1986 - Ufa.
Three soldiers from the regiment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - junior sergeant N. Mantsev, private S. Yagmurzhi and corporal A. Konoval, while in internal detail, took possession of weapons (AKM assault rifle, RPK-74 light machine gun and Dragunov sniper rifle) and seized a taxi. On the way, they shot two police officers - Sergeant Z. Akhtyamov and Junior Sergeant A. Galeev. Frightened by what he had done, A. Konoval disappeared, the rest headed to the airfield, where they burst into a grounded Tu-134A plane with 76 passengers (among them eight women and six children) and 5 crew members, flying along the route Lvov - Kyiv - Ufa - Nizhnevartovsk. During the capture, deserters killed passengers A. Ermolenko and Y. Tihansky. The terrorists put forward a demand: to go to Pakistan. The operation itself was led by G.N. Zaitsev. As a result of the assault carried out by Alpha employees (the capture group was led by V.N. Zorkin), N. Mantsev was killed, and S. Yagmurzhi was wounded in the leg.
December 1-4, 1988 - Ordzhonikidze - Mineralnye Vody - Tel Aviv.
A gang of four people (the leader is a repeat offender P. Yakshiyants, V. Muravlev, G. Vishnyakov and V. Anastasov) seized a LAZ-697 passenger bus, in which, after an excursion to the printing house, the 4th “G” class of school No. 42 was returning together with teacher N.V. Efimova. The terrorists drove the bus to the Mineralnye Vody airport, where Group A, which had taken off from Moscow ahead of them, was already waiting for them. As a result of grueling negotiations, which were conducted by G.N. Zaitsev on the radio for almost seven hours, it was possible to agree on personal contact with them by Evgeniy Grigoryevich Sheremetyev, an employee of the KGB for the Stavropol Territory. As a result, after his (Sheremetyev’s) six-hour personal negotiations with the bandits, at the risk of his life, all the children (thirty people), the teacher and the driver were released, and the place of the hostages was taken by Evgeniy Sheremetyev, whom the bandits, just before flying to Israel, also released exchange for two million foreign currency. After the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel, with which diplomatic relations were not maintained at that time, gave the go-ahead for the extradition of the criminals, the Il-76 T transport aircraft (RA-76519) (crew commander A. Bozhko) headed for the Middle East. Upon arrival at Ben Gurion airport, the bandits were detained. Employees of Group “A” led by G.N. Zaitsev, who arrived next, after a compromise was reached on the non-application of capital punishment against terrorists (which the Israeli side insisted on), deported the Yakshiyants gang to the Soviet Union.
March 30-31, 1989 - Baku.
A native of Kerch, S. Skok, who had previously committed a major theft and was on the all-Union wanted list, said that there were allegedly two of his accomplices in the cabin of the Tu-134 (flight Voronezh - Astrakhan - Baku), and a homemade bomb in the cargo compartment. He threatened to detonate an IED (improvised explosive device) by remote control if his conditions - half a million dollars and the opportunity to fly abroad - were not met. The terrorist was neutralized by Alpha employees. The operation was led by the commander of Group A, Hero of the Soviet Union V.F. Karpukhin.
May 10, 1989 - Saratov.
During the walk, four criminals from detention center No. 1 of the UITU Department of Internal Affairs of the Saratov Regional Executive Committee - V. Ryzhkov, G. Semenyutin, D. Levakhin and G. Zbandut, armed with sharpeners and “grenades” (painted models of bread crumb), attacked the inspectors. They put forward demands: two machine guns, four pistols with ammunition, grenades, 10 thousand rubles and a car; in addition, a condition was put forward - to ensure unhindered travel from the prison outside the region. In house number 20 on Zhukovsky Street, terrorists took hostage the Prosvirins and their two-year-old daughter. They voiced new demands: a plane to fly abroad, a large sum of money, drugs and vodka. The operation to free the hostages was carried out by Group “A” (senior - Hero of the Soviet Union V.F. Karpukhin, deputy - M.V. Golovatov). At 3:25 a.m., the fighters, using special equipment, descended from the roof and flew into the windows of the captured apartment. At the same moment, the second group broke down the door with a battering ram and burst into the apartment. The bandit, armed with a Makarov pistol, managed to fire two shots. Taking advantage of the factor of surprise, the capture group neutralized the terrorists in a matter of seconds. None of the hostages were injured.
January 15, 1990 - Azerbaijan.
"Alpha" and "Vympel" together with the special forces training battalion ("Vityaz") were transferred to Baku. The combined special forces group is headed by Hero of the Soviet Union G.N. Zaitsev. Objective: neutralize the leaders of the Popular Front, prevent the overthrow of the legitimate government of the republic, suppress riots, identify and detain persons suspected of subversive activities. Employees of Group A ensured the safety of the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan A. Vizirov.
May 1990 - Operation Trap.
The group’s fighters were introduced into a group of underground arms dealers with the aim of blocking the arms supply channels to the USSR and their distribution within the country. The operation was successful; the organizers of the deliveries were arrested.
August 1990 - Yerevan, Armenian SSR.
Alpha fighters took part in the neutralization of a particularly dangerous armed group - the Gray gang. During the operation, three criminals were killed, two were wounded, and six were detained.
August 11-15, 1990 - Sukhumi, Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
22 employees of Group “A” under the command of Colonel V.F. Karpukhin, as well as 31 soldiers of the special forces training battalion (“maroon berets”) of the OMSDON named after. F.E. Dzerzhinsky were urgently transferred to Sukhumi, where 75 criminals took hostages and a temporary detention center. During the negotiations, the leaders put forward a demand: to provide them with a RAF minibus so that they could travel outside the temporary detention center, to the mountains. When the armed bandits loaded into the minibus with the hostages, the capture team began an operation to neutralize them. At the same time, two groups began storming the detention center. In just a matter of seconds, the criminals in the RAF were neutralized and the hostages were freed. The bandits in the detention center also surrendered after a short resistance. During the operation, Alpha employee I.V. Orekhov and one of the Vityaz fighters Oleg Lebed were slightly wounded. This special The operation has no analogues in the domestic and world practice of using special forces units to free hostages captured by bandits in institutions of the penitentiary system.
January 11-12, 1991 - Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR.
On the evening of January 11, 65 officers of Group “A”, led by the deputy commander of Group “A” M.V. Golovatov and the squad commander, Lieutenant Colonel E.N. Chudesnov, were transferred to the capital of the Lithuanian SSR. In Vilnius, the unit was tasked with taking control of the Committee on Television and Radio Broadcasting, a television tower and a radio transmission center. The buildings were surrounded by numerous supporters of the Lithuanian Sąjūdis movement. Group “A” took control of all three objects and held them until the internal troops arrived. During the storming of the television tower, 13 civilians were killed and at least 140 were injured. During the seizure of the building of the Committee on Television and Radio Broadcasting, Lieutenant Viktor Viktorovich Shatskikh was killed - he received a fatal gunshot wound to the back.
June 7, 1991 - Moscow, Vasilyevsky Spusk.
A criminal armed with a knife captured 7-year-old Masha Ponomarenko on an Ikarus excursion bus that left the Square of Three Stations. Deputy Aman Tuleyev took part in the negotiations. As a result of the lightning-fast operation, the terrorist was neutralized. Senior - Deputy Commander of Group “A” V.N. Zaitsev.
August 19-21, 1991 - Moscow.
By order of the KGB chairman, employees of Group A blocked the dacha in the village of Arkhangelskoye-2 near Moscow, in which the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin and people from his entourage were located. Subsequently, following the orders of the leadership, they carried out reconnaissance around the White House. On August 20, the commander of Group “A”, Hero of the Soviet Union V.F. Karpukhin, was verbally given the task: “Seize the White House, intern the government and leadership of Russia.” For this purpose, he was assigned the Vympel Group and the forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Without heavy casualties among the civilian population, taking the White House was impossible. This was the main reason for the refusal of senior officers of Group A to take part in the assault.
December 5, 1992 - Moscow, Vnukovo Airport.
The release of 347 passengers on the Mineralnye Vody - Moscow flight, captured by the lone terrorist Zakharyev.
October 4, 1993 - Moscow, White House.
Employees of Group “A” (the senior commander of Group “A”, Hero of the Soviet Union G.N. Zaitsev), together with the “Vympelovites”, participated in resolving the most acute political crisis, which led to mass actions of disobedience and hostilities in the center of the Russian capital. Refusing to storm the White House, Alpha representatives, on their own initiative, entered into negotiations with the leadership of the Supreme Council and the opposition, which were completely successful, and then ensured the evacuation of people from the burning building. While rescuing a wounded soldier near the walls of the White House, junior lieutenant Gennady Nikolaevich Sergeev was mortally wounded - he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
December 23-26, 1993 - Rostov-on-Don - Krasnodar - Mineralnye Vody - Makhachkala.
Four terrorists took hostage a teacher and 15 students of the 9th grade “B” of secondary school No. 25 in Rostov-on-Don. 53 Alpha employees, led by commander Hero of the Soviet Union G.N. Zaitsev, flew to Rostov-on-Don on a Tu-134 plane. By the time they arrived, the bandits, having released three hostages, were already in the Mi-8. In the evening, the helicopter landed in Krasnodar. Following them, Alpha landed on the An-12. On the night of December 24, the helicopter took off and headed for Mineralnye Vody. Following him, a helicopter with special forces flew out, while the main part of the Alpha went there by An-12 plane. On the evening of December 25, the criminals released one of the hostages. After handing over the money, they released the teacher and seven schoolgirls. The bandits refused to release the remaining hostages - four schoolchildren, a bus driver and two pilots. On the evening of December 27, the bandits released three schoolchildren and a bus driver and took off, ordering the pilots to head for Ichkeria. However, pilots V. Padalka and V. Stepanov, risking their lives, directed the car towards Makhachkala. A helicopter carrying criminals landed on the northern outskirts of Makhachkala. The bandits split into pairs and tried to hide in the forest belt. However, the area where they were located was cordoned off by special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Dagestan, who soon neutralized all the criminals.
May 26-27, 1994 - Makhachkala - Bachi-Yurt.
In the area of the village of Kinzhal, Stavropol Territory, four armed Chechens (leader - Magomet Bitsiev) seized an Ikarus excursion bus with schoolchildren, their parents and teachers. About 36 people were taken hostage - 33 bus passengers and three teenagers who were captured by bandits on the way. On the same day, Group A, led by commander Hero of the Soviet Union G.N. Zaitsev, received an order to urgently fly from Moscow to Mineralnye Vody. The same order was given to the Krasnodar branch of Alpha. In the evening, 64 special forces arrived by plane to Minvody. The overall command of the operation was carried out by the commander of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Colonel General A. Kulikov. On May 27, the helicopter took off and headed for Ichkeria. Following him, six helicopters took off, on board which were 38 Alpha fighters, 24 employees of the Main Directorate for Operational Operations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and 20 military special forces personnel. As a result of a lack of fuel, the flight route was changed and a landing was made in the area of the village of Bachi-Yurt. The fighters under the command of Alpha officer Lieutenant Colonel A.E. Starikov began pursuit. Helicopters monitored the forest from the air. An hour later the terrorists were neutralized. Only one bandit managed to escape, taking away two machine guns and $47,400 - a year later he was arrested and convicted.
1995-1996 - Chechnya.
Employees of Group “A” took part in the hostilities in Grozny, were recruited for night reinforcement as mobile anti-terrorism groups and additional security for the Government House and the FSB building in the city of Grozny. They also ensured the personal safety of the Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation O.I. Lobov, who was in the combat zone, carried out operations to capture armed bandits, and accompanied convoys with ZAS, ammunition and food.
June 14-19, 1995 - Budennovsk.
A well-armed group of Sh. Basayev burst into the city in two KamAZ trucks. The militants captured the city hospital with medical staff and patients, including women in labor and mothers with infants. On the morning of June 17, in extremely difficult conditions, Alpha employees stormed the hospital. The terrorists, placing hostages at the windows, fired from behind them, which negated the success of the assault. Later, Basayev contacted the 1st Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, V. Chernomyrdin, by mobile phone. According to the agreement reached, the terrorists were provided with a corridor. The Alpha group fighters fighting in the hospital building were ordered to retreat. Alpha officer Konstantin Nikitin, a participant in the assault, commented on these events: “Let’s assume that the Ashniks still entered the hospital and went out to the second floor. It is difficult to even imagine how they would carry out the task further, when the space between the terrorists and the fighters of the anti-terrorism group is filled with hostages. From whose bullets would they have suffered more, and what would have started, what kind of panic and confusion in this meat grinder?” Taking 123 hostages with them, the militants boarded buses and set off in a column towards Chechnya. Not far from the mountain village of Zandak, all the hostages were freed. As a result of the action of Chechen militants in Budyonnovsk, 130 civilians, 18 police officers, 18 military personnel were killed, including three Alpha employees - Major Vladimir Vladimirovich Solovov, lieutenants Dmitry Valerievich Ryabinkin and Dmitry Yuryevich Burdyaev. Over 400 people were injured of varying degrees of severity. About 2 thousand people were held hostage. The eldest is the commander of Alpha, Lieutenant General A.V. Gusev. This operation is still considered the unit's most unsuccessful.
September 20, 1995 - Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan.
Terrorists hijacked a passenger bus traveling along the route Makhachkala - Nalchik. Some time later, the terrorists released one woman from the bus, who reported that the hostages were nine men, seven women and two children. The terrorists holding the hostages were neutralized by members of the Alpha special forces unit. The eldest is the commander of Alpha, Lieutenant General A.V. Gusev.
October 14, 1995 - Moscow, Vasilyevsky Spusk.
In the immediate vicinity of the Kremlin, a masked man armed with a PM pistol entered a Mercedes bus with 25 South Korean tourists and declared them hostages. If the conditions were not met, the criminal threatened to blow up the bus. At 20 o'clock, FSB special forces officers took up their starting positions. The eldest is the commander of Alpha, Lieutenant General A.V. Gusev. Lengthy negotiations were held with the criminal, in which Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov took part. At about 10 p.m., the terrorist released all the detained women and three men. At 22:38, at the command of the head of the operation, FSB Director M.I. Barsukov, the assault began. The terrorist opened fire with a pistol and was killed. None of the hostages were injured.
January 9-18, 1996 - village of Pervomaiskoye, Republic of Dagestan.
Detachments led by Raduev, Khunkar Pasha Israpilov and Turpal-Ali Atgeriev carried out a raid on the territory of Dagestan, attacking a local airfield and a military camp of a battalion of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The main blow was struck at a helicopter base of Russian troops near the city of Kizlyar - two Mi-8 helicopters and one tanker were destroyed. The militants entered the city, where they seized a hospital, a maternity ward, and a nearby 9-story residential building. About 2 thousand people were taken hostage. On January 11, the terrorists, having freed most of the hostages, left for Ichkeria on provided buses, using more than a hundred people as human shields. The column was stopped by federal forces near the village of Pervomaiskoye. On January 13-15, special forces, using artillery and helicopters, stormed the village, trying to free the hostages. The operation to destroy the terrorists was completed on January 18, but the bulk of the bandits still broke out of the encirclement and went to Chechnya. In Pervomaisky, soldiers of Group “A” (the senior commander of “Alpha”, Lieutenant General A.V. Gusev), together with “Vityaz”, carried out reconnaissance in force on the south-eastern outskirts of the village, identified and suppressed enemy firing points, and provided fire cover for units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs , provided medical assistance and evacuated the wounded from the battlefield. After the end of the operation, two Alpha employees died due to an accident - Major Andrei Viktorovich Kiselev and Major Dmitry Vladimirovich Golikov.
December 19-20, 1997 - Moscow, Swedish Embassy. Terrorist takes Swedish diplomat hostage
Armed with a pistol and a grenade, terrorist S. Kobyakov captured Swedish sales representative Jan-Olof Nyström in a Volvo car. As a result of negotiations, he was released, and Colonel A. N. Savelyev took the place of the hostage. After he suffered an acute heart attack, which ultimately led to death, it was decided to immediately begin the active phase of the operation. As a result of the shootout, the criminal was killed. Posthumously, the chief of staff of the Alpha Group, Colonel Anatoly Nikolaevich Savelyev, was awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
Autumn 1999 - Republic of Dagestan.
1999-2001 - Chechnya.
March 13, 2000 - Pos. Novogroznensky, Chechnya.
The capture of Salman Raduev, commander of the “army of Dzhokhar Dudayev”, was carried out by employees of Group “A” as part of the combined operational combat group of the FSB Special Purpose Center. Thanks to the filigree actions of intelligence and special forces, the bodyguards of “terrorist No. 2” were disarmed, and he himself was taken from his bed.
June 19-22, 2001 - Ermolovskaya village (Alkhan-Kala), Chechnya.
Alpha employees took part in a full-scale special. operations to eliminate the gang of one of the bloodiest field commanders - Arbi Barayev (nickname "Emir Tarzan"), who was distinguished by manic cruelty and specialized in kidnapping and slave trading. TsSN employees, intelligence officers from the 46th brigade of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and units of the Ministry of Defense took part in the operation. The cache in which Tarzan was located was discovered on the evening of June 21 by soldiers of the “Rus” detachment. As a result of a short, fierce battle, the bandit and his bodyguards were eliminated. During the battle, Private Evgeny Zolotukhin died (posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia).
July 11, 2001 - present Mayrtup village, Kurchaloevsky district, Chechnya.
The liquidation of one of Khattab's closest henchmen - field commander Abu Umar (full name - Muhammad Al-Sayyaf), who in the 1990s led a training camp for training saboteurs-explosives on the outskirts of Serzhen-Yurt at the so-called Caucasus Institute. The murdered man was one of the organizers of the explosions of residential buildings in September 1999 in Moscow and Volgodonsk and many other terrorist attacks. The first search of the house where the Arab was hiding yielded nothing. The Alpha fighters were already ready to move to another courtyard, when one of them drew attention to a wooden staircase that seemed suspicious to him. The special forces took up positions around the house. When one of the officers broke the floorboard, machine gun fire came from under the stairs. An Alpha employee was wounded, but his comrades destroyed Abu Umar, who had holed up in a hideout. The main role in the success of the operation was played by the fighters of the “Rus” detachment, who in two groups landed in a village in the immediate vicinity of the place where the bandit was located and did not allow him to escape into the mountains.
July 31, 2001 - Mineralnye Vody.
The terrorist Sultan Said Ediev, a Chechen by nationality, seized the Ikarus bus en route from Nevinnomyssk to Stavropol. The terrorist put forward a demand for the release of more than thirty passengers in exchange for five criminals convicted in 1994 of hijacking a passenger plane in Mineralnye Vody. In the breast pocket of his shirt, the terrorist placed a glass with an F-1 live grenade with the pin pulled out and inserted with the fuse down. Wires were also found leading to a belt on his stomach. As it turned out, there was one and a half kilograms of cast TNT. As a result of a perfectly executed sniper assault, the terrorist was destroyed. During the storming of the bus, none of the hostages were injured. Responsible - Head of Department “A” - V. G. Andreev.
October 23-26, 2002 - Moscow, Dubrovka Theater Center
A group of terrorists led by M. Barayev, having gathered in Moscow, took hostage up to 800 spectators of the musical “Nord-Ost”, actors and workers of the Theater Center on Dubrovka. The bandits demanded an end to hostilities in Chechnya and threatened to bring down the building using powerful explosive devices placed in the hall. Thanks to the actions taken, even before the active phase, several dozen people from among the hostages were rescued by FSB special forces officers. The bandits behaved extremely aggressively, and several people in the hall died at their hands. In order to avoid mass casualties, it was decided to conduct a special operation using the FSB Special Purpose Center. As a result of the operation, 41 terrorists were killed, including the leader of the group, Movsar Barayev, and more than 750 hostages, including 60 foreigners, were freed. More than 120 people died after liberation.
April 8, 2004 - Shelkovskaya village, Chechnya.
Elimination of Khattab's student and one of Sh. Basayev's closest henchmen - Abu Bakar Visimbaev (“one-eyed Bakar”). Among other things, this field commander was responsible for recruiting “black widows” to carry out the action on Dubrovka. During the operation, Alpha employee Major Yuri Nikolaevich Danilin was killed. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
September 1-3, 2004 - Terrorist attack in Beslan
Well-armed terrorists of Ruslan Khuchbarov, on the orders of Basayev, captured over 1,300 hostages in the building of school No. 1 and on the very first day they shot some of the hostages. In total, as a result of this monstrous terrorist attack, 334 people died, of which 186 were children, and over eight hundred people were injured. On September 3 at 13:05 two powerful explosions were heard in the school building. Showing exceptional courage and heroism, the TsSN employees began to save the hostages under bullets, covering them with their bodies, and only after that they began to methodically destroy the terrorists who had settled in the school, who put up fierce resistance. During the tragic ending, Alpha fighters killed 27 terrorists (four out of 32 died on September 1 and 2) and one bandit was captured alive. While rescuing the hostages, three Alpha employees died - Major Alexander Valentinovich Perov (posthumous Hero of Russia), Major Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Malyarov, warrant officer Oleg Vyacheslavovich Loskov, as well as seven Vympel fighters.
March 8, 2005 - Tolstoy-Yurt, Chechnya.
The operation to eliminate the leader of Ichkeria Aslan Maskhadov. The operation to detain the separatist leader, as well as his inner circle, was planned long and carefully. At the beginning of March 2005, information was received that made it possible to determine the address where the leader of the CRI was hiding with his guards. Despite all the militants' tricks, the bunker with the separatist leader was discovered. The militants in it were asked to surrender, to which they responded with a categorical refusal. After which the operational combat groups of the Center carried out measures to detain them, eliminating Maskhadov.
November 26, 2006 - Khasavyurt, Republic of Dagestan.
Elimination of the representative of Al-Qaeda and the leader of all foreign fighters, one of the leaders and financiers of the “jihad” in Chechnya and in adjacent regions, Abu Haws (real name - Faris Youseif Umeirat). Four militants were killed along with him. The force phase of the operation began with the fact that at dawn one of the groups deliberately allowed itself to be discovered. The two militants were immediately killed by snipers. A shot was fired at the gate from a grenade launcher, and after this an assault group burst in in an armored KamAZ vehicle. The surviving militants took up defensive positions. They rejected the offer to surrender. The operation was completed in half an hour, a victory for the Alpha special forces.
May 13, 2009 - Khasavyurt, Dagestan.
Elimination of the “amir” of the Khasavyurt terrorist group Arsen Asulbegov in the area of the mountain village of Endirei.
May 2009 to present.
Conducting special operations in the North Caucasus as part of operational combat groups of the Special Purpose Center of the FSB of Russia.
Dead Alpha Group fighters
-Volkov, Dmitry Vasilievich
(27.02.1947-27.12.1979)
December 27, 1979 captain Volkov D.V. was included in the special group that conducted reconnaissance in force during the assault on Amin’s palace in Afghanistan. In battle he acted boldly and decisively. While carrying a wounded comrade out from under enemy fire, he was hit by targeted sniper fire and was mortally wounded in the head.
-Zudin, Gennady Egorovich
Captain. He died on December 27, 1979 during the operation to storm Amin’s palace. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner (posthumously).
(26.06.1937-27.12.1979)
December 27, 1979 Captain Zudin G.E. was part of the assault group that took part in the special operation to capture Amin's palace in Afghanistan. During the battle, he was one of the first to penetrate into the palace, where, despite being seriously wounded, he continued to fight.
-Shatskikh, Viktor Viktorovich
Lieutenant. Died on January 13, 1991 during a military operation in Vilnius. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner (posthumously).
(28.04.1969-13.01.1991)
On January 13, 1991, while carrying out a special mission in Vilnius, when unblocking the TV tower building, having taken the starting position, he provided conditions for the advancement of the unit. Showed courage and determination. During the operation, he was mortally wounded.
-Kravchuk Viktor Dmitrievich
Senior Lieutenant. Died on August 1, 1993 while performing a combat mission in North Ossetia. Awarded the Order "For Personal Courage" (posthumously).
(08.05.1960-01.08.1993)
In June 1993, Senior Lieutenant Kravchuk went on a business trip to the North Caucasus. There he provided security for Russian Deputy Prime Minister Viktor Polyanichko, who was the head of the Provisional Administration in the zone of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict. On August 1, the car they were in was ambushed in the Tara Gorge and was shot with automatic weapons.
Despite being seriously wounded - five bullets in the legs and one in the stomach, the Alpha officer showed rare restraint and self-control and tried to save the life of Deputy Prime Minister Polyanichko until the last opportunity. Died from loss of blood.
-Sergeev, Gennady Nikolaevich
Ensign. He died on October 4, 1993 during a military operation near the building of the Supreme Soviet of Russia in Moscow. Awarded the title of Hero of Russia (posthumously).
(17.08.1964-04.10.1993)
During the events of October 1993, the Alpha group received orders to storm the building of the Supreme Soviet of Russia on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment. Sergeev was on vacation at that moment, but he himself arrived at his unit. An infantry fighting vehicle, in which there were three Alpha employees (Torshin, Finogenov and Sergeev), approached the House of Soviets from the rear. There they managed to save the woman and child and continue moving. Along the way, the crew saw a soldier wounded in the thigh, who was lying on the ground. Torshin and Sergeev got out of the BMP and tried to carry the soldier inside, but came under sniper fire. Sergeev was mortally wounded. The fire came not from the House of Soviets, but from the opposite side. He was buried at the Nikolo-Arkhangelsk cemetery.
-Solovov, Vladimir Viktorovich
Major. Died on June 17, 1995 during a combat operation in Budennovsk. Awarded the Order of Courage (posthumously).
(27.06.1963-17.06.1995)
On June 17, security forces stormed the hospital building seized by militants. Major Solovov commanded one of the special groups that carried out the operation to free the hostages. Behind this dry and laconic formulation lies thirty minutes of battle away from the main group. This task turned out to be the last for Vladimir. Having covered his comrades, Vladimir Viktorovich gave them the opportunity to get out of the “bag of fire.” After being wounded, he advanced about twenty to twenty-five meters, lay down behind a tree, began to bandage himself, and at that moment was killed by a bullet in the heart. His bulletproof vest was pierced in several places
-Burdyaev, Dmitry Yurievich
(21.02.1969-17.06.1995)
When carrying out a combat mission to oust terrorists from the city hospital building, he covered the task force with sniper fire. Personally destroyed several militants from Basayev’s gang.
He died while doing his duty during a sniper duel with the enemy.
-Ryabinkin, Dmitry Valerievich
Lieutenant. Died on June 17, 1995 during a combat operation in Budyonnovsk. Awarded the Order of Courage (posthumously).
The existence of a unit that trains in Chechen forests in an unmarked uniform under the leadership of a retired major of the famous “Alpha” (directorate “A” of the FSB Special Forces Center) first became known in December 2013. This is not the only special unit controlled by local leadership , but it is precisely this that raises many questions. “In Chechnya, they have never made a secret of the fact that a group of future instructors is being trained to study methods for performing anti-terrorist tasks in mountainous and forested areas,” he explained then. Ramzan Kadyrov, head of the Chechen Republic. - All instructors are career officers and police officers. Most of them took part in operations against terrorists and have high awards and even wounds. They are being trained so that, as part of the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, they can transfer their knowledge to others, be consultants to commanders, and also become commanders themselves.” That is, Kadyrov confirmed that special forces are being created in the Chechen Republic - the Terek SOBR group, but in order to repel... Syrian militants who threaten Russia. It seems that Chechen special forces have already distinguished themselves in Syria: in particular, they eliminated a field commander Ruslana Machalikashvili by nickname Saifullah. True, experts say that Terek could only do this illegally.
Specialist worth millions
But who is the legendary Alpha major who teaches the highlanders combat techniques? This man's name is Daniil Martynov. He was an “excellent student in combat and politics” and was awarded two medals. He regularly went on business trips to Chechnya to neutralize the criminal underground, where he ended up in the personal security of the head of the Chechen Republic. “If I’m not mistaken, he served at Alpha for 8 years. A worthy officer, a good specialist, - told AiF Alexey Filatov, vice-president of the International Association of Veterans "Alpha". - Some of the employees go to strengthen Kadyrov’s security, personnel are rotated. For example, over 10 years of business trips, we did not have a single soldier in our department who did not guard Kadyrov at least once. Martynov had his turn, like everyone else, but in the end, after the end of his contract with Alfa, he managed to gain a foothold in a new position.”
According to Kadyrov, D. Martynov’s official position is assistant to the head of the Chechen Republic for the security bloc: “But he is not just my assistant, he is my close friend, with whom I found myself in difficult times in a variety of situations.” They say that it is Martynov who is responsible for protecting Kadyrov. By law and by long-standing tradition, the heads of Chechnya and Ingushetia are entitled to security from special forces of the FSB. So, Kadyrov recently refused this service - now he is being protected by Chechen fighters trained by a former Alfa member. And the officer, apparently, did not lose out. “He recently bought a 4-room apartment and an expensive car in Moscow. I’m not surprised - a specialist of this level costs no less than 1.5-2 million rubles. per month,” one former colleague of Martynov told us. Alexei Filatov does not see a problem in the fact that an experienced special forces soldier is protecting the peace of the Chechen leader: “In the end, Daniil has a wife and three children in Moscow, they need to be fed, and not survive on a small pension, like many former employees.” However, the official salary of Kadyrov’s adviser is only 6,378 rubles. Plus 150% surcharge for special conditions.
Assistant to the head of Chechnya for the security bloc Daniil Martynov. Photo: RIA Novosti / Said Tsarnaev
Forward to Ukraine?
“There is no exact data on the number of security forces subordinate to Kadyrov. According to my calculations, this is about 30 thousand. But they are all registered in official structures. Kadyrov needs the army more for his image. Although, if he suddenly loses the favor of the Kremlin, he will need special forces - not everyone in Chechnya is delighted with Kadyrov, and he has a lot of blood! By the way, Martynov is not the only specialist: at least three more of us train there. However, the principles of special forces training have long been no secret, and no one in their right mind would reveal our “Alpha” tricks to the Chechens for any amount of millions,” says a former Alpha employee.
Meanwhile, in Ukraine, “Kadyrov’s army” has already become a kind of bogeyman for Bandera’s followers. Back in February, there were rumors that Chechen units were being transferred to Crimea. At the end of March, a video of Caucasians in Sevastopol appeared on the Internet. They started saying that the faces of “Kadyrov’s men” were hidden under the balaclavas. And now Avakov has looked at the Chechens in the Donetsk region... However, Kadyrov has already answered this: “There are no Chechen battalions in Ukraine. The ruling junta is trying to blame its punitive operations in Slavyansk on the presence of Chechen battalions among the city’s defenders. This is absurd! I gave instructions to the head of Grozny Zaur Khizriev visit Slavyansk and meet with the leadership to conclude an agreement on sister cities. In Chechnya, tens of thousands of volunteers are ready to help those who are being bullied by fascist thugs... And if the Chechens really go to Slavyansk and other cities, you will see how people like Avakov will run away from there and will not be able to stop even on the western border of Ukraine.”
There is no person in and on the territory of modern Russia who would not be familiar with the legendary special forces "Alpha". There are some plausible and not so plausible stories about the fighters of this formation. They say that they dodge bullets, master technology, survive in any conditions, and much more. These are something like superheroes for Russians.
The Alpha special unit is the bright dream of every second boy. We are unlikely to know what special forces actually are, but there is publicly available information that puts together a pretty good picture.
History of creation
At least twice, KGB officers came to power. We all know one thing, and the first was Yu. Andropov. On his order and the initiative of the head of the Seventh Directorate of the KGB, General A. Beschastny, the Alpha group was created on July 29, 1974. The special forces were initially called simply group “A” of the ODP service of the 7th KGB directorate. It is no longer known who came up with the idea for such a euphonious name, but in 1991 the formation began to be called “Alpha”.
The main task of the group was the fight against terrorism, the release of hostages, vehicles, buildings, objects on the territory of the USSR and abroad. Initially, there were 40 fighters, but their numbers were constantly growing, and by the collapse of the Alpha Union there were already 500 officers with branches in various cities, such as Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Alma-Ata, Kyiv, Minsk, Krasnodar, Khabarovsk. The units that ended up abroad became the basis for the formation of national special forces units of the breakaway countries, such as Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus.
In 1991, during the coup in Moscow, the Alpha special forces became a terror for the defenders of the White House. They were intimidated by the special forces soldiers, they were expected. However, the officers refused to participate in the assault. Unfortunately, V.V. In 1998, Putin issued an order to reorganize the Alpha special forces, not only group A, but also group B - Vympel. Headquarters, directorates and support units were disbanded. The combat groups were brought to the Anti-Terrorist Center. Hearing about this, US representatives came to Russia to offer jobs to highly qualified specialists. According to official sources, none of the officers left - they decided that they would find work in their home country.
At the moment, Directorate “A” includes headquarters, 5 departments, one of which is in Chechnya, as well as regional divisions and services.
Groups "A" and "B"
If the Alpha special forces unit is Group A, then it is logical that there are others. The second most famous special forces unit is Group “B”, or “Vympel”. The fates of these two formations were strongly intertwined. There are officers who served in both places. There were joint operations, for example, the storming of Amin’s palace - then it was the Zenit group. It didn't last that long. “Zenith” and “Cascade” were united on August 19, 1981 into group “B” (the official name is the Separate Training Center of the KGB of the USSR).
The main task of the Vympel was to conduct reconnaissance on enemy territory, sabotage activities, and the fight against terrorists. In peacetime, fighters check the security of specially protected objects of their state, carry out conditional sabotage in order not to lose their qualifications and maintain the security of objects in good shape.
The fighters took part in military conflicts in Baku, Yerevan, Karabakh, Abkhazia, Nakhichevan, Chechnya, Transnistria, and Moscow.
Known operations
One of the first operations was the transportation of a Soviet dissident to Switzerland in 1976 and his exchange for Despite the nervous situation, everything was successful.
The most high-profile operation, after which they began to fear the Alpha group, was the storming of Amin’s palace in Afghanistan in December 1979. With the support of a battalion of paratroopers, two groups of special forces broke through under heavy fire and crushed the resistance. Despite the good training of the guards, the advantageous position and the number of 250 people, the Alpha special unit completed its task, losing two people during the operation. They were awarded the Order of the Red Banner posthumously.
In January 1991, troops were brought into Vilnius and captured the television center and television tower. Within 23 hours, in agreement with the government of Lithuania, 67 employees of the Alpha group arrived under the guise of it was necessary to stop broadcasting and take control of the facilities, without allowing civilian casualties. Special forces soldiers fought their way through the crowd using rifle butts; the worst part was in front of the building. The group was well illuminated, and fire was opened on them. Someone from the crowd also started shooting. As a result, one of the employees was shot in the back. The barricades could not stop the special forces. The security was disarmed and civilian activities were stopped.
During the riots in Moscow in 1991, special forces refused to participate in the storming of the White House. The fighters tried not to interfere in such events when forces within the country were fighting for power. Their help was required only in negotiations. If it is possible to resolve the matter without casualties, you need to go this route. The fighters think the same thing, because this is Alpha!
Special unit. How to get?
Getting into an elite combat unit is not easy. The selection takes place in several stages. The FSB special forces recruit candidates from officers, warrant officers and military school cadets. First, you need to get a recommendation from an employee of Vympel or Alpha, or from a veteran of such units. Preference is given to cadets of universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and FSB institutes.
Restrictions
For candidates, as well as for assault units, there are height restrictions. The fighter must be taller than 175 cm. This parameter appeared due to the characteristics of the equipment - heavy armored shields are very large and with a shorter height they will drag on the ground. They can make an exception only if the candidate’s merits outweigh his shortcomings. For example, the Alpha special forces may include small, flexible fighters who can crawl into narrow hatches and hard-to-reach places.
The second limitation is age. You must be under 28 years old, or have combat experience and come from other structures of the TsSN.
Physical testing
This is not the biggest obstacle for a trained fighter or a good athlete. In group “A” the requirements are slightly higher than in “Vympel”. The Alpha special forces of Russia give their candidates less rest and more workload. The exercises are standard: pull-ups, running, abs, push-ups, complex strength exercises and sparring. Hand-to-hand combat here is not the same as during certification for a maroon beret. You need to not only survive, but also show what you are worth.
Passive defense is not encouraged; fresh hand-to-hand combat can give the candidate an opportunity to work. Injuries are possible, but if you are afraid of this, then you should not go to such a unit. Candidates from other formations have additional requirements, such as swimming and shooting.
Special training
After a series of psychological tests and a polygraph, a conversation takes place with the candidate’s family. They must also agree to serve. During initiation, the fighter is given a branded knife, which the Alpha group uses in its operations. Special forces conduct training quite harshly.
All fighters, without exception, undergo airborne and mountain training and other special disciplines. As part of the units, a fighter studies for three years. It is also necessary to master specialization in order to be an expert in your field. For insufficient zeal, they are expelled from the unit.
“Alpha” is a special unit of the FSB, and according to an unspoken rule, fighters serve in it for at least five years. This is necessary to train a first-class specialist. Many continue to serve further.
Official losses
Despite their training, Alpha Group officers die in operations. According to official data, during the history of its existence the unit lost 16 fighters. Two died during the storming of Amin’s palace, one was shot in the back from a crowd of civilians in Vilnius, another was killed during riots in Moscow in 1993. Three were immediately lost during the operation in Beslan.
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