The Krasnodar region is located in the southwestern part of Russia.
Formed on September 13, 1937, the subject of the Russian Federation borders on many regions, territories and republics: the Rostov region, the Stavropol region, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Adygea and Abkhazia.
Flora of the Krasnodar region
The Krasnodar region is famous mainly for its steppe vegetation from Rostov to Kuban. Previously, feather grass, wheatgrass, vetch, and timothy grass grew in these territories, but now their place has been taken by fields of wheat.
Before the Krasnodar region became popular among tourists, hazel, lush almonds, and the ubiquitous thorn grew along the rivers. But now on the floodplains you can find willow, willow, poplar, and alder. Also in these places grow: oaks, elderberries, thorns, wild roses and other plants.
Steppe vegetation consists of sage, wormwood, as well as licorice, alfalfa and timothy.
Well-moistened areas of the Krasnodar Territory are overflowing with aquatic vegetation. On the estuaries you can see white flower, nickel nymph, steam-water walnut, duckweed and ferns. Along the estuaries, on the shore, reeds, cattails and kuga grow. In the Krasnodar Territory there are places where lotuses grow.
Shallow estuaries and dry swamps are suitable for growing rice, so these places are often used by the population.
If we talk about the Black Sea coast and its vegetation, it is worth noting the diversity of mountain nature.
The forests of these places are overflowing with mosses, vines and heat-loving plants. They are distinguished by their multi-tiered nature. Thanks to the warm climate, fallen leaves create the ground floor in autumn, so mountain forests always have young vegetation. In such forests you can find oaks, beeches, chestnuts, lindens, and maples. The following types of trees are also often found: birch, apple and pear, cherry, cherry plum and dogwood.
The high mountain zone is suitable for growing fir trees.
Blueberries, rowan berries and rhododedrod grow under the tree trunks.
Behind the forests there is a subalpine. Umbelliferous and leguminous plants, ranunculaceae and asteraceae grow here. Some of the representatives of these plants are hogweed, whitebeard, rosette, primrose and cuffs.
Fauna of the Krasnodar region
The fauna of the Krasnodar region is quite wide and diverse. Many animals living in these territories are listed in the Red Book.
Representatives of rare and protected animals are: ferret, Caucasian otter, golden eagle, bustard, snake eagle, gravedigger, steppe eagle, osprey, pelicans and many other animals.
The forest zone is perfect for the habitat and life of many animals. For example, foxes, pheasants, quails, hedgehogs, moles, jerboas and hares.
The most valuable and rare species of animals are found in the mountains. Here you can find wild boars, Caucasian deer, jackals, roe deer, mountain goats and bison. Predatory representatives also include brown bears, wolves, foxes, lynxes, badgers and others.
Otters and minks live near the rivers, and raccoon dogs are also found not far from them.
Rare species in the Krasnodar region are mountain goats, mountain bison, chamois, Caucasian snowcocks and Caucasian black grouse.
There are a lot of fish in the rivers, you can even find sturgeon species.
Among the birds and galliformes, you can find many geese, ducks and sandpipers here.
Representatives of reptiles are: marsh and Greek turtles, water and common snakes, steppe vipers and legless lizards.
The forests are home to a huge number of birds. In the valleys you can hear the trills and flapping of the wings of magpies, orioles, blackbirds, cuckoo jays and owls. The sound of woodpeckers can be heard everywhere. Harriers, falcons and hawks live in lowland areas.
The Krasnodar Territory is also home to bitterns, black grouse, quails, mountain turkeys, cormorants, gulls, and eagle owls. In cities and villages there are also a considerable number of birds: swallows, sparrows, pigeons, tits, starlings and others.
Climate in the Krasnodar region
Spring comes at the beginning of March. Characterized by temperature variability and strong winds. The average temperature in April is +10 degrees.
Summer in the Krasnodar region lasts almost 5 months. The average temperature is 25-30 degrees, sometimes higher. Krasnodar summer is characterized by frequent rains followed by sun.
Autumn comes in October. The temperature during this period does not rise above 15 degrees, and closer to December it drops lower and lower. This month sees frequent precipitation in the form of heavy rains. The first snow falls in November, but lasts no more than 2 days.
Winter in the Krasnodar region is quite mild. The average winter temperature is from 0 to 2 degrees. There is almost no snow cover, only on the mountain peaks.
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Slide captions:
Fauna and flora of Kuban
Reservoirs of the Krasnodar region. Black and Azov seas
Kuban River
Chelbas Bolshaya Laba
Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve. The reserve was created in 1924. It is located on the northern and southern slopes of the Main Caucasus Range. The total area of the reserve is 280 thousand hectares. Main goals: nature conservation, restoration of valuable species of animals and birds: bison, aurochs, Caucasian deer, etc.
The following rivers flow through the reserve: Mzymta, Khosta, Shakhe, Sochi, Belaya, Malaya Laba, etc. There are more than 120 lakes. They are small in area and are often completely free of ice only by mid-summer. The largest lake in the reserve is Lake Silence. Lakes Khuko, Kardyvach, Goluboe and Atsetuk lakes are especially beautiful.
The nature of the Caucasus State Biosphere Reserve is uniquely beautiful and diverse.
More than 3,000 plant species grow in the Krasnodar region. This wealth of flora is explained by the diversity of natural conditions in the region. Unreasonable economic activities of people have led to the fact that some plants are becoming rare and disappearing. They are listed in the Red Book of Kuban.
Mineral resources of the Krasnodar region.
Krasnodar region is the oldest oil-producing region in Russia. Oil production began in 1864.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Animals are inhabitants of natural areas.
Protection of the organic world of the Krasnodar region
1. Define the meaning of the terms.
Population- a long-term group of individuals of the same species.
Area- this is an area on the surface of the earth or water that is occupied by one or another type of plant, animal, or fish.
Relic- a thing, phenomenon or organism preserved as a relic from ancient eras.
2. Using the “fishbow” technique, draw up a diagram “Fauna of natural complexes of the Krasnodar region.
3. Solve the Chinaword, which encrypts the names of animals living in the Krasnodar Territory and the Black Sea, and write down which of them are listed in the Red Book.
Bottlenose dolphin, mink, newt are listed in the Red Book
4. Mark the correct statements with a + sign.
— The species diversity of the fauna of the steppe zone does not depend on human activity
— Waterfowl live in the Azov region: hamster, weasel, hedgehog, hare, badger
+ The Trans-Kuban plain is inhabited by both steppe and forest representatives of the animal world.
— Among the predators in our region, the largest is the bison
+ The smallest predator living in the region is the weasel.
5. Make a list of the largest environmental organizations operating in the Krasnodar Territory. Use the information posted on the website of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Krasnodar Territory (mprkk.ru). Find out if there are specially protected natural areas in your area, including botanical natural monuments. Prepare a short report about one of them.
- World Wildlife Fund. Separate division of the Russian Caucasus department
— Rosprirodnadzor, department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea
— Azov-Black Sea Basin Department for Fisheries and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources
— Regional Information and Analytical Center for Environmental Monitoring
— Kuban environmental company
— Kuban State Agrarian University Research Institute of Applied and Experimental Ecology
— Kuban Environmental Center
— Center for Legal Defense and Ecology
Natural monuments
Plane trees two trees 150 years old - a botanical natural monument in Krasnodar, the Giant Oak - a natural monument since 1978 in Krasnodar, Gorky Park - is an active natural-historical cultural monument. In the park named after Zhukov there are botanical cultural monuments 100 - summer maple-leaved plane trees "Beauties".
6. Reflect on the statement of the Russian writer Mikhail Prishvin: “In nature, everything is connected with each other, and there is nothing random in it. And if a random phenomenon occurs, look for the hand of a person in it.” Write a short essay-reasoning. Reflect in it the natural features of the Krasnodar region and the role of man in transforming the environment.
In nature, everything was perfected not over years or even millennia, but over millions of years. Everything about her is harmonious. Not only Prishvin wrote about this. Einstein argued that there is nothing random in nature, and if something seems random to us, then it is only the result of our incomplete knowledge. Unfortunately, humans often play a destructive role in nature, and environmental problems arise due to their activities. First of all, this is water pollution and depletion of water resources. There is a decrease in the species and number of fish in reservoirs. The Kuban River flows in the Krasnodar Territory, the waters of which do not meet safety standards. Swimming is prohibited in the reservoir, so local beaches have been eliminated.
Another problem is soil erosion and a decrease in their fertility, especially in coastal areas. Some natural monuments, such as national parks, are also being destroyed. Rare species of flora and fauna are disappearing in the region.
One of the significant environmental problems of the Krasnodar Territory is pollution by oil and petroleum products. Due to some accidents, the situation has reached disastrous levels. The largest leaks were observed in the following settlements: Tuapse; Yeysk; Tikhoretsk
There are leaks of kerosene and gasoline at oil depots. Lenses appeared underground in these places where oil products were concentrated. They pollute the soil and groundwater.
It is high time to realize that it is necessary to take care of nature and protect it for the sake of continuing our life on earth.
In the northeastern part of the region, in the Kuban-Azov lowland, steppe animals are common. Field mice, gophers, jerboas, moles, and hamsters live here. All of them are harmful to agriculture. They live in burrows and feed on grain and leaves. Predators include foxes, weasels, and ferrets. Birds include larks, quails, gray partridges, crows, and magpies. There are also predators - kites, owls, owls, steppe harrier.
In gardens and parks you can see finches, tits, buntings, and starlings.
In the Kuban delta, in the floodplains and estuaries, there are wild boars, foxes, waterfowl: pelicans, gulls, ducks, lapwings, waders, geese, herons, and sometimes swans arrive. The muskrat lives in the estuaries. In the floodplains of the Kalininsky district there is the largest multi-species colony of storks in the region.
Forest fauna
In the mountains and foothills there is an abundance of forest fruits and lush meadow grasses. This creates favorable conditions for the habitat of animals and birds. Wild pigs graze in small herds of oak and beech forests. Unlike domestic pigs, wild pigs are somewhat shorter and taller on their legs. Old boars reach 100-150 kilograms of weight. They are covered with thick, coarse bristles of a dark brown and sometimes almost black color. The male has fangs.
In broad-leaved forests there are small roe deer, the size of a domestic goat, resembling a deer in appearance. Only males have horns. They hunt for food by bear, wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, badger, fox, and marten. On the river banks there are mink and otter. They dive and swim well, feed on fish and frogs.
Among the reptiles there are: snakes - common and water snakes, vipers - steppe and Koznakov's viper (found high in the mountains), legless spindle lizard and yellow-bellied lizard.
In the morning, the forest and valleys of the foothills are filled with the singing and chirping of various birds.
Predators of the Krasnodar region
Magpies chirp, blackbirds whistle, cuckoos crow, jays call to each other, wagtails scurry around the streams, shaking their tails; Along the banks of the rivers you can hear the melodic tune of the yellow-lemon oriole, red falcons quickly rush after prey, and woodpeckers, the healers of the forests, methodically tap on the bark of the tree trunks. Agile shrikes hunt for insects. The nimble bee-eater chases bees and bumblebees, grabbing them in flight with its long, thin beak. Owls, eagle owls, starlings, grosbeaks, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits fly here, and high in the mountains - Caucasian grouse and mountain turkeys. Blue rollers, tree sparrows and shore swallows live along the steep banks of rivers.
Birds bring great benefits to the national economy by destroying harmful insects and rodents. For example, one swallow catches more than a thousand plant pests per day. Woodpeckers save hundreds of trees by eating beetle larvae hidden under the bark. An owl kills a thousand mice over the summer, and each mouse eats 1 kilogram of grain per year. It turns out that only one owl saves us a ton of bread a year.
Not all birds live with us all year round. Many live only in the summer, hatch their chicks, and fly to warmer climes in the fall. There are about 320 species of birds in Kuban.
Soil and air pollution has led to a sharp reduction in the number of insectivorous birds: starlings, swallows, sparrows. But the number of crows and pigeons has increased. City garbage dumps serve as an excellent food supply for them.
The fauna of the Black Sea is diverse, but is concentrated mainly in the upper layer. Of the commercially important fish, beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, herring, anchovy, sprats, bream, mullet, horse mackerel, mackerel, and flounder are of commercial importance. There are dolphins. The Sea of Azov is inhabited by fish: ram, herring, sturgeon (beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon), sprat, shemaya, horse mackerel.
In rivers and estuaries live: bream, silver bream, asp, carp, catfish and other fish.
The Krasnodar region is located in the south of our country, so it is much warmer here than, for example, in the Moscow region. In the Kuban-Azov lowland, in the foothills and mountains, on the Black Sea coast and the Taman Peninsula, different weather can be observed at the same time of year. Each season has its own weather. These annually recurring weather patterns make up the climate of a given area. It depends on the geographical location, proximity of seas, terrain and prevailing winds. The climate of most of our region is temperate continental, on the Black Sea coast (south of Tuapse) it is subtropical - humid.
The territory of the Kuban Plain is open from the north, that is, it is accessible to the action of Arctic air masses.
The formation of weather has a certain influence cyclones and anticyclones. Cyclones (air masses with low atmospheric pressure) usually bring rainy, unstable weather. Anticyclones (air currents with high atmospheric pressure) contribute to the establishment of stable weather, warm in summer and cold in winter.
With easterly and northeasterly winds, dry and hot weather occurs in summer. In winter, these winds cause cold weather. A particularly sharp drop in temperature is observed during the breakthrough of Arctic air masses in the Ciscaucasia. The air temperature drops to minus 20-25°.
Winds from the southwest bring coolness and rain in summer, and thaws and precipitation in the form of snow and rain in winter.
Local winds also influence the climate. These include breezes and hair dryers.
Hairdryers- warm, dry winds blowing from the mountains, often in October - December. There are cases when in December, with such a wind, the air temperature in Krasnodar reached 15-20°C. Foes are observed on the Black Sea coast, in the mountainous and foothill parts and (weakened) in the Kuban-Azov lowland, lasting up to 1-2 days.
Breezes, or coastal winds, blow on the coast of the Black and Azov Seas, during the day from sea to land, at night - from land to sea.
The Black Sea cools the coast in summer with breezes; in winter, on the contrary, it warms it, releasing the heat accumulated on hot days. The high Caucasus Mountains trap cold air currents coming from the north.
A cold northeast (northeast) wind blowing from the mountains with hurricane force is called boroy. Strong nor'easters prevail in winter, when there is a large difference in barometric pressure on land (high) and at sea (low).
The highest wind speeds were observed in the north-west of the Black Sea coast in the Novorossiysk region. The air temperature drops to 15-18° below zero.
There are usually about 50 days with bora per year (usually in November and March). Wind speed reaches 45-50 meters per second (with gusts up to 100 m/s). Bora often leads to icing of ships docked in the bay and causes great damage to the city economy.
On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, vegetation is distributed into zones. Latitudinal and vertical zoning is clearly expressed here. The steppe zone occupies the entire Kuban-Azov lowland. In the recent past, this was a forb-fescue-feather grass steppe. Currently, almost all of it is plowed and turned into vast collective and peasant farm fields, where wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, barley, and vegetables and melons are cultivated. In total, there are more than 3 thousand plant species in the region.
Along the roads, along the slopes of ravines and on the tops of mounds you can find wild herbaceous plants: creeping wheatgrass, wild buttercup, yellow sweet clover, wormwood, plantain, coltsfoot, quinoa, field sow thistle, St. John's wort, immortelle. In forest belts there are oak, walnut, acacia and other tree species.
On the right bank of the Kuban, not far from the village of Ivanovskaya, lies the Red Forest massif (5200 hectares). This is the remnant of the forests that previously bordered the banks of the Kuban to its lower reaches. Narrow strips of forest remain in the middle reaches of the river. In the Red Forest grow oak, willow, maple, ash, apple, hawthorn, and rose hips; inhabited by deer, roe deer, wild boars, and hares. Depending on the altitude above sea level and the associated changes in climatic, soil and other conditions, not only the general nature of the vegetation changes dramatically, but also the appearance of the plants.
As the relief increases, the steppe turns into a forest-steppe, and the latter into a forest zone. The forest-steppe stretches in a relatively narrow strip on the left bank of the Kuban, covering the Trans-Kuban inclined plain and the low (mostly up to 600 m) part of the foothills. About 50% of the area is shrubs and partly broad-leaved forests (oak, hornbeam, maple, hazel, dogwood).
Kuban forests occupy 1.7 million hectares and are characterized by exclusively valuable species. The region contains approximately 30% of oak forests, over 80% of beech and about 90% of chestnut plantations in Russia. The main part of the forests is located in the foothills, mountainous areas and the Black Sea coast.
Vegetation in the mountains forms three zones: forest, subalpine and alpine.
The forest zone is divided into two zones: broad-leaved and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level, predominantly oak forests grow with an admixture of hornbeam, ash, elm, as well as fruit trees (pear, apple, dogwood). Oak forests give way to a belt of beech trees. At an altitude of 1200 meters they are joined by Caucasian fir. From 1300 to 1800 meters, coniferous forests predominate, consisting of Caucasian fir and eastern spruce. Fir needles are softer and slightly wider than spruce needles.
At an altitude of 1800-2200 meters above sea level lies a belt of subalpine vegetation. There are subalpine meadows and crooked forests with shrub beech and mountain maple. Subalpine meadows are rich pastures. In the summer, cattle and flocks of sheep are kept here.
Above the subalpine meadows, starting from altitudes of 2300-2500 and up to 2800-3000 meters above sea level, stretches the belt of alpine meadows of the Northwestern Caucasus (in other parts of the Caucasus it is much higher). The nature here is harsh. Only in August are the clearings cleared of snow.
What a dramatic change! In the subalpine zone everything is large and lush, and in the alpine zone the same plants, but from 4 to 15 centimeters in height, with a creeping form. The brightness of the colors and the diversity of flowers in the rocky meadows, surrounded by rocks and snow, is striking. Red mynacles, bright blue gentians, golden-yellow buttercups and dandelions, pink-red carnations, and blue forget-me-nots grow all around.
From 3000 meters and above there are eternal snows and glaciers and inaccessible rocks, almost devoid of any vegetation.
Diverse vegetation of the Black Sea coast. From Anapa to Novorossiysk, the mountain slopes are covered with hornbeam and oak, hornbeam and hornbeam. On the spurs of the Markotkhsky ridge from Novorossiysk to Gelendzhik, twisted and low-growing elm, hornbeam, and among them dogwood and hawthorn grow. In the Gelendzhik area there are elm, maple, ash, dogwood, walnut, cherry plum, apple, pear; along the coast - Pitsunda pine.
The resort village of Dzhankhot is located 12 kilometers south of Gelendzhik. Here, on the high shore of the sea, an island of ancient flora has been preserved - a grove of Pitsunda pine. It is surrounded by hornbeam, maple and other trees.
Beyond the Mikhailovsky Pass, oak is distributed along the mountain slopes and rises to a height of 500-600 meters, then giving way to beech. Alder, viburnum, elderberry, dogwood, and pear grow in floodplains and on river banks.
On the coast from Lazarevsky to Adler, cypress trees, Pitsunda pine, magnolias, and palm trees grow. They remain green all year round.
Parks and squares are decorated with noble laurel, bamboo, yucca, and various palm trees. There is no month of the year when some plants do not bloom. Apricots, peaches and other fruits ripen in the gardens.
The forests of the Black Sea coast preserve supplies of drinking and mineral water, protect soils from water and wind erosion, landslides, rockfalls and landslides, and soften the climate. They ensure a constant water level in rivers, protect them from silting and shallowing, and thereby create conditions for the reproduction of fish resources. From mountain slopes not protected by forests, rains carry away 100 cubic meters of soil per hectare per year. In such places, ravines quickly form.
The forest has a certain influence on the climate and rivers that feed the fertile plains of the Kuban with their waters, protects reservoirs from drying out, fields from drought, and cleans the air from harmful carbon dioxide, dust and other small particles. The vegetation cover of the Earth is called the “lungs of the planet.” One hectare of forest purifies 18 million cubic meters of smoky and carbon dioxide-saturated air per year.
The forest is a healing factor and an excellent object for hiking, excursions, and walks. Forest air is clean, it contains a lot of ozone and phytoncides - substances that suppress the development of pathogenic microbes.
Wood is also a building material. The woodworking industry is developed in Kuban. There are furniture factories and associations in Krasnodar, Armavir, Kropotkin, Apsheronsk, Novorossiysk. They make wardrobes and bookcases, chairs, tables, sofas...
It is very diverse, you won’t find any kind of fauna here... This abundance can be explained by the mild climate and rich flora.
The distribution of animals in the area mainly depends on natural conditions. Lakes, rivers and seas, forests and steppes are inhabited by a variety of animals. Here you can find both formidable predators and harmless small rodents.
One of the most dangerous animals in the region is the brown bear. Its weight can reach 300 kg, and its body length is 2 m. In addition to this predatory animal, lynxes, reaching a length of 110 cm, safely live in the forests of the Kuban. These beauties are found in the Abinsky, Mostovsky, Seversky and Goryacheklyuchevsky districts.
Among the small predators, the weasel is very common. The most valuable animals, famous for their wonderful fur, are raccoons. And the rarest animal found in Kuban is the leopard. This truly graceful animal has almost disappeared from these places. But in wild areas remote from civilization, leopards still live.
And the sika deer is rightfully considered the most useful representative of the fauna.
Nature, plants and animals of the Krasnodar region
Why is it useful? Yes, because medical medicines are obtained from its horns, which save people from many diseases.
Besides these animals, fauna of the Krasnodar region rich in wolves, hares, roe deer, wild boars, and Caucasian moles.
In the Kuban, in the northeastern part, steppe inhabitants are more common: foxes, jerboas, mouse-like rodents, common voles, and ground squirrels. The common mink lives in river valleys. If we talk about birds, then these are larks, gray partridges, quails, harriers. This steppe zone is well developed by humans, which is why the fauna has decreased significantly. But still, some animals adapted to the new conditions. Tourists can find only a few primeval areas of the steppes, where wildlife is in complete abundance.
Many waterfowl live in the floodplains and estuaries of the lowlands: pelicans, gulls, ducks, geese. And the muskrat was brought from North America to the estuaries.
As for the mountainous areas and foothills, roe deer, chamois, mountain goats, badgers, forest cats, as well as two species of martens live here. Forest (yellow) and stone (white) Jackals and raccoon dogs have taken root well.
If we talk about invertebrates, vipers, snakes, grass snakes, and newts can be found near rock slides and roadsides.
Representatives of reptiles include the marsh and Greek turtles, legless lizards, and small yellowbellies.
All the animal splendor is, of course, complemented by birds. During the day, the singing and chirping of birds can be heard in the forests and valleys. Magpies, orioles, blackbirds, and cuckoos take part in this musical concert. Jays sing along with them, wagtails scurry around the streams. But this is not all the inhabitants of the forest; we must not forget about owls, starlings, goldfinches, Caucasian grouse and mountain turkeys.
Finally, we can add that fauna of the Krasnodar region worthy of the attention of tourists, as well as careful treatment.
Presentation. Living world of Kuban
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The living world of Kuban Prepared by students of class 10 "A" Briskman Tatyana and Prokhorov Vladislav |
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Vegetation |
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Kuban has always been famous for the richness of nature. And the beauty of the landscape. |
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About three thousand species of wild plants grow in the Kuban, belonging to 6 divisions and more than 150 families. |
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Bryophytes – more than 250 species. Ferns – more than 40. Angiosperms – more than 2800 species. |
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Gymnosperms Horsetails |
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And also a lot of Algae and Lichens |
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The number of species of mushrooms has not been precisely established, but quite rare specimens are often found among them. Summer truffle Caesar mushroom |
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Our Krasnodar region is famous for its tea plantations. Dagomys is the only place in Russia that is favorable for the growth of tea. |
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And also near Krasnodar, near the village. Belozerny, right next to the highway there are amazing flowers - lotuses. |
Presentation – Fauna of the Krasnodar region
Slides and text of this presentation
Slide 1
Animal world
Krasnodar region
Slide 2
According to the Department of Natural Resources and State Environmental Control of the Krasnodar Territory, there are over 580 species of animals in the region. Of them:
Slide 3
The floodplain part of the region (Eastern Azov region) is deservedly considered a bird kingdom. A significant amount of waterfowl nest here - geese and ducks (17 species), waders (20 species).
According to the most characteristic features of flora and fauna, the Krasnodar region can be divided into floodplain, steppe and mountain-forest parts
During spring and autumn migration, millions of waterfowl nesting in the north of Eurasia stop in the floodplain zone.
Slide 4
The most numerous animals in the steppe zone are the hare, fox, pheasant, and quail.
Slide 5
The mountain-forest zone is the least developed by humans, and here are the main habitats of such animals as wild boar, deer, roe deer, chamois, aurochs, and bison.
Among the predators that live here are bear, wolf, jackal, forest cat, fox, badger, marten and others.
Slide 6
353 species of animals are included in the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory
Some of them:
Slide 7
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Animals of the Krasnodar Territory Prepared by Nazarenko N.A. teacher of municipal educational institution secondary school No. 2 village Staroshcherbinovskaya
In the Black Sea region you can find dark-colored blacktails and browntails. They live in trees, covering a distance between them of 4 m horizontally and up to 10 m from top to bottom. Flexible body 20-25 cm long, long strong limbs, fluffy long tail, large, erect ears with tassels at the tips. They feed on tree seeds, fruits, berries, nuts, mushrooms and many others. Squirrel (veksha)
Brown hareClass: MammalsOrder: Lagomorpha Family: LagoraceaeDistribution: In the Black Sea region it is more common in the lower mountains, but they were also seen at an altitude of 2600 m above sea level (Chugush), and in the North Ossetian Nature Reserve they were noted to live up to an altitude of 3000 m n.a.s. Description: Yellow-fawn color with large ripples, does not turn white in winter, body length about 60 cm, weight up to 5 kg. Nocturnal animal. The whole body is adapted for running, the front pair of legs serves as a support for the hind legs. In summer it feeds on various herbs, and in winter on the bark of deciduous trees and seedlings of winter crops.
MartenClass: Mammals Order: CarnivoresFamily: MustelidaeDistribution: Two species of martens are found in the Krasnodar region in the foothill and mountain zones. large form. The length of the body is up to 58 cm. The “yellow bird” has brown-brown fur with a fawn tint. The color of the spot on the throat is from light to dark red. The white-tailed one has a pure white throat patch in the shape of a horseshoe. It is slightly smaller in size than the forest one.
Otter (ash tree)Class: MammalsOrder: CarnivoresFamily: MustelidaeDistribution: Lives in the Krasnodar region along the left bank tributaries of the river. Kuban, in some rivers of the Black Sea region (Psou, Mzymta, Khosta, Sochi, Dagomy, etc.) The mountains rise to 2000 m above sea level. Description: Long flexible body, muscular long tail, short limbs with swimming membranes between the toes, dense fur, undeveloped ears, nostrils and external auditory canals that close when immersed in water. Adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle.
Order: Artiodactyla Family: Porcine Distribution: The Caucasian subspecies lives in the western Black Sea region from the seashore to alpine meadows. In winter they descend into coastal forests. Sedentary groups live in the Khosta yew-boxwood grove and on the slopes of the city of Akhun. Description: A large animal, distinguished by a highly elongated cone-shaped muzzle, ending in a bare movable circle - a “patch”. The body is covered with stiff bristles. The canines of the upper jaw are directed with their ends to the side or upward. The lower jaw of males is equipped with large fangs 10-12 cm protruding above the lips. In females, the fangs are much less developed and are covered by the lips. In the Western Caucasus, the weight of males reaches 250 kg, females - 150 kg
Dormouse Class: Mammals Order: Rodents Distribution: Lives in mixed and deciduous forests of the Krasnodar Territory. In the Black Sea region it is distributed from the seashore to an altitude of 200 m above sea level. Description: Externally, it is somewhat similar to a squirrel. Body length is 16-20 cm. Lives in hollows, rock crevices and nests. Leads a nocturnal lifestyle. The main food is beech fruits, various nuts, seeds, pears, apples, sometimes chicks and small insects.
Animals of Kuban
Caucasian chamoisClass: MammalsOrder: ArtiodactylsFamily: BovidsDistribution: From heights of 260 m above sea level. sea near the river Shah and 180 m above sea level. sea near the river Mzymta (Akhtsu tract), to the highlands - 3200 m above sea level. seas on the year Chugush, Agepsta.Description: The most typical groups are 6-15 individuals. The average weight of adult males is 34 kg (the highest is 42 kg), females are 28 kg. They use 210 species of herbaceous, tree and shrub vegetation, mosses, lichens, and mushrooms for food (Duben, 1976, 1977,1985). Chamois hunting is prohibited, but every year several dozen of these animals are destroyed by poachers. Natural enemies of chamois are lynx, wolf, large feathered predators (golden eagle, bearded vulture
Caucasian bison (bison) Class: Mammals Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovids Distribution: In the forest, subalpine and alpine zones of the Caucasian reserve at an altitude of 900-2100 m above sea level Description: The Caucasian mountain bison is a form of wild animal, genetically 95% is a bison and only 5 % - bison. The largest mammal in Russia. The weight of the bison is up to 1200 kg, the height from the front hooves to the withers is 2 m, from the head to the tail - 3.5 m. By 1982 - 85. there were more than 1200 individuals, now there are just over 300 heads. The Caucasian Nature Reserve is home to purebred mountain bison.
Bottlenose DolphinClass: MammalsOrder: CetaceansFamily: DolphinsDistribution: Black SeaDescription: They lead an aquatic lifestyle, feed mainly on fish, usually live in small groups from several heads to 50-60 individuals, give birth to cubs under water, live up to 20-30 years. The bottlenose dolphin, as a rare subspecies, endemic to the Black Sea, is listed in the International Red Book. The number of bottlenose dolphins in the Black Sea is about 36 thousand (Mikhalev, Savusin, Zelenaya, 1978) and there is a tendency towards their decrease
LynxClass: MammalsOrder: CarnivoresFamily: FelidaeDistribution: distributed in all foothill and mountainous regions from the belt of broad-leaved forests to the alpine highlands.Description: Lynx is the largest species of the cat genus. The Black Sea region of Russia is inhabited by the Caucasian subspecies of the beast. The body length of the Caucasian lynx is 66 - 104 cm, tail - 21 cm, weight - 12.2-24.15 kg. Leads a secretive lifestyle, a typical carnivore. The basis of nutrition consists of ungulates - chamois, aurochs, wild boar (usually piglets and gilts), roe deer, deer (usually young animals), rodents, birds, hares
The prairie dog is the ground squirrel's closest relative and is very similar to it.
My young friends! You and I have borrowed from future generations all the riches of nature. We must protect and preserve all natural values, because all of this should be used by the future inhabitants of the Earth.
Sections: Primary School
Lesson type: game journey.
Lesson objectives:
- To acquaint children with the diversity of flora and fauna of the Krasnodar region, the Red Book of Kuban: with the plants and animals that are included in it, to derive environmental rules that people must follow, to create their own signs for the protection of flora and fauna.
- Strengthen the ability to work in groups.
- Develop collective creative abilities, speech, thinking, the ability to work with a map of the Krasnodar region, broaden your horizons.
- Foster a caring attitude towards nature.
Required resources: multimedia projector, presentation for the lesson, map of the Krasnodar region, nature conservation signs, figurines of plants and animals on magnets, signs with the names of the groups “Zoologists”, “Botanists”, “Erudites”, exhibition of books about the flora and fauna of Kuban , felt-tip pens, 2 sheets of A3 format
Information sources:
Literature:
- V. I. Borisov “Entertaining local history”, Krasnodar Kuban book publishing house, 2005
- V.Ya. Nagalevsky “Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory”, Krasnodar Book Publishing House, 1994.
- V.A. Polyakov “Stories about poisonous mushrooms, animals and higher plants”, Krasnodar Kuban textbook, 2000
- G.K. Plotnikov “Animal World of Kuban”” Krasnodar Kuban Book Publishing House, 2006
- CD “Children's Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius”, 2007.
- CD Voices of birds.
Internet resources
1. Website “Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve” http:/www.kgpb.ru/
During the classes
Look around -
The beauty will enchant you:
There is no land more beautiful than ours!
The bread is golden,
The forests are turning green,
The distance of the sea is painted with blue...
Slide 1 Maps of various regions are shown.
– Children, which of the maps is a map of the Krasnodar region?
- Why do you think so?
Slide 2 Only the outline of the territory of the Krasnodar Territory is shown.
- Oh! What's happened?
– Isn’t there flora and fauna of our region on the map?
But our region is so beautiful and rich in flora and fauna!
We must return plants and animals to our forests, steppes, and mountains.
– Are you ready to travel?
Let's split into 2 groups.
(The class is divided into 2 groups according to the number of students)
One group will help in searching for plants, and the other will help in searching for animals in our region. Only together can we save our region and bring back the flora and fauna!
- Guys, what is the name of the science that studies plants?
BOTANY
– What is the name of the science that studies the animal world?
ZOOLOGY
– Who guessed what the 1st group will be called?
Children: 1 group will be called “ BOTS”
– What is the name of group 2?
Children: 2nd group “ ZOOLOGISTS"
Representatives of the school scientific society “Erudite” will travel with us. They will evaluate your results and the correctness of your answers.
(A table is posted on the board where ERUDITE chips are used to mark the correctness of students’ answers)
Let's go, dear friends of nature!
– Let’s remember in what natural zones our region is located?
Each team solves the watercress within 2 minutes: use a pencil to circle the names of natural zones (steppe, forest-steppe, forest, mountains, Black Sea coast)
Slide 3. Natural areas of the Krasnodar region.
Each team has a piece of paper and a felt-tip pen on the table. It is necessary to arrange the letters in the correct order. Then highlight the plants of the region for group 1, and the animals of the region for group 2. 2 minutes are given.
The correctness of the answers is assessed by Erudites. In the table, the winning group gets a chip for the correct answer.
Working with the map.
Let's find their habitats.
– Botanists, in what natural zone do these plants grow?
– Show it on the map.
2 representatives of the group come out and attach images of thyme, oak, and rose hips to the map.
– Zoologists, in what natural zone do these animals live?
2 representatives of the group come out and attach images of a bear and bison.
The elephant is “superfluous”, because he does not live on the territory of Kuban.
The correctness of the answers is assessed by Erudites. In the table, the winning group gets a chip for the correct answer.
"This is interesting!"
So we settled our plants and animals. But the flora and fauna of the Krasnodar region is rich and diverse. Various sources of information help us learn about this diversity: television, radio, books.
On the table, each group has a sheet with information about plants - for group 1, a sheet with information about animals for group 2.
Slide 4. Answer from the representative of the “Biologists” team
Vitman's peony - leaves are large, up to 1 m in height. Blooms in April. Propagated by seeds. It grows at an altitude of 600-800 meters above sea level in mountain forests. The plant is in danger of extinction. Included in the Red Book of the RSFSR. Permanent reserves are being created to restore plant numbers.
(The representative shows on the map the edges of the place where this plant grows and attaches the image)
Slide 5. Answer from the representative of the Zoologists team
Chamois is a slender animal, 125–135 cm long and 80 cm high. Its color is rusty-yellow in summer and black-brown in winter. It feeds on grasses and branches of bushes. It lives in herds or small groups of 3-7 individuals. Habitat: rocky areas of the Maykop region, near the upper reaches of the Pshish River. There are 4000 individuals in the region.
(The representative shows on the map the edges of the habitat of this animal and attaches the image)
The correctness of the answers is assessed by Erudites. In the table, the winning group gets a chip for the correct answer.
– Scientists have found that there are more than 600 species of animals and 3000 species of plants in Kuban.
When people talk about Russia, the birch tree always comes to mind.
– What plant or animal do you think can serve as a symbol of Kuban?
Children's answers.
Each team is given a sheet of paper and markers. We need to come up with and draw a symbol for the edge. 5 minutes are given.
(A representative of each group shows and talks about his symbol)
- Look at the map. You and I were able to return plants and animals to our beautiful land. Well done!
-You are probably tired?
- Let's rest and take a break.
Physical education minute
We will all stand together now,
We'll rest at the rest stop.
Turn right, turn left.
Bend over and bow.
Hands up and hands to the side
And jump and jump on the spot.
So we threw up our hands,
As if they were surprised
And to each other to the ground
They bowed at the waist.
Below, children, don’t be lazy,
Bow, smile.
- Close your eyes. Listen.
– It’s too quiet around.
- Why?
Children's answers (no birdsong can be heard).
The groups are given drawings depicting birds: cuckoo, nightingale, bittern, woodpecker, owl, parrot, ostrich. It is necessary to choose drawings of those birds that can settle in the Kuban.
– Show drawings of these birds.
The correctness of the answers is assessed by Erudites. In the table, the winning group has as many chips as the number of correct answers the team gave.
– What natural zone do they live in? (Forest, swamp)
– What do you know about these birds?
Children's answers.
Brain-ring
The teacher asks questions. Whoever gives the correct answer first gets a chip.
- Which bird has a pouch under its beak? (at the pelican)
- Which bird throws its eggs into other birds' nests? (cuckoo)
- What birds do not land on land or water? (swifts)
- What birds make nests in earthen burrows? (shore swallow, bee-eater)
- Complete the popular saying: more birds - (higher harvest)
- I saw a starling - (spring at the porch)
A theatrical moment.
Prepared children show a dramatization - a miniature based on Leo Tolstoy’s parable “The Siskin”.
Varya: It's time for you, Chizh, to sing.
Chizh: Let me go free, in freedom I will sing all day long! And you come listen to my singing.
(Vari’s children suggest options for further actions themselves)
– The unreasonable, predatory extermination of animals, birds, insects, plants led to the fact that many began to disappear from the face of the earth. To preserve endangered species, the Kuban Red Book was created in 1994. It consists of 2 parts:
Part 1 – plants: 157 species
Part 2 – animals: 102 species.
Slides 6-8. Animals and plants listed in the Red Book of Kuban.
Come to your senses, come to your senses, man!
We are indebted to nature.
And may your age be glorious
Fragrant grass in the meadow!
And the trill of birds with a cheerful ringing sound
And the noisy splash of the spring.
And clusters of thin rowan.
And the blue eye of a cornflower,
And the fresh aroma of herbs,
And groves of noise and oak forests.
Each group is invited to draw a sign on the topic: “Nature conservation” and draw up environmental rules. 7 minutes are given.
Erudites evaluate the originality and correctness of the work performed.
People realized that nature was in danger, so places appeared where it was forbidden to burn fires, pick mushrooms and berries, hunt and fish.
– What are such places created by man called?
Children: Nature reserves.
– Are there any nature reserves in the Krasnodar Territory?
Children: Caucasian Biosphere Reserve.
Showing the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve on the map of the Krasnodar Territory.
- Where it is located?
Children: Located between Sochi and Maykop, mainly on the northern and southern slopes of the Main Caucasus Range.
– Who lives in this reserve?
Slide 10 Wildlife of the reserve
Children write down the names of the animals seen on the slide.
Slide 11 Flora of the reserve.
Children write down the names of the plants they see on the slide. Allowed 2 minutes
Erudites evaluate the correctness of the group's answers
You and I have worked very hard. Look at the map of the region. We have brought back the rich and diverse world of our native Kuban. At the end of our journey you will have to complete a mini-test.
Each participant is given a mini-test. Within 3 minutes, participants select and mark the correct answer.
The “Botanists” group and the “Zoologists” group take their Erudite tests separately. The total number of correct answers in each group is determined. The winner gets a chip.
The slides then provide the key to the mini-test.
Slides 12 – 15
1. What is a forest?
A) A vast area occupied only by grasses.
B) Vast area occupied by trees, shrubs, grasses.
2. The fruits of which plant are poisonous?
A) Kalina;
B) Oak;
IN) Belladonna of the Caucasus.
3. What animals are included in the Red Book of Kuban?
A) Starling;
B) Hare;
IN) Chamois.
4. What is the role of plants for animals?
A) Animals walk on plants.
B) Plants are food for animals.
C) Plants provide shelter for large animals.
The erudites sum up and announce the results of the journey.
Our journey has come to an end. We were able to bring back the beauty of our native land and get acquainted with the diversity of the flora and fauna of Kuban.
We, its residents, were lucky enough to live in the most picturesque corner of Russia.
The song “Native Land” is performed by students.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
Slide description:
3 slide
Slide description:
Deer DEER (tight-horned), a family of artiodactyl animals of the ruminant suborder. Males have horns (most are branched), which are shed annually and grow again in the spring. OK. 30 types. The most famous are red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer, musk deer, elk, and reindeer. Object of trade (meat, leather, horns). The numbers of a number of species are declining. 11 species and 20 subspecies in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
4 slide
Slide description:
Boar BOAR (wild pig, boar), a non-ruminant, artiodactyl mammal of the pig family; forms more than 25 subspecies. Length 130-175 cm, weight 60-150 kg. The boar is unusually variable in size and proportions. The head is large, wedge-shaped, extended forward. The ears are long and wide, the eyes are small, and the snout has a snout. The body is covered with elastic bristles, longer and denser in winter, with underfur. On the back, the bristles form a ridge that puffs up when the animal is excited. Color ranges from light brown to almost black. Striped piglets.
5 slide
Slide description:
Wolf WOLF. Body length 100-140, tail 30-50 cm, height up to 90 cm, weight from 30 to 75 kg. The teeth are sharp, predatory with large fangs. The ears are erect and pointed. Wolves have a very acute sense of smell, detecting scent at a distance of 1.5 km. The fur is gray, thicker in winter than in summer. The wolf is active at night and feeds on any animals living in its range. These are ungulates, small vertebrates, reptiles, egg laying, insects and berries. A hungry wolf can eat up to 10 kg of meat, but usually 2-6 kg. In times of hunger, it does not disdain carrion. They live in flocks of 6-10 individuals. The leader of the pack is almost always a male. Wolves never lie in wait for prey; they chase it down, dividing into small groups. Wolves make their lair in rock crevices, on the slopes of ravines, under upturned tree roots. Sometimes they adapt the holes of other animals, less often they dig them themselves. Pregnancy lasts 63 days. In March-April, the she-wolf gives birth to 4-8 cubs, which by 6 months become completely independent. The entire pack takes part in raising and feeding the wolf cubs.
6 slide
Slide description:
Jackal JACKAL is a predatory mammal of the wolf family. The length of its body is up to 85 cm, its tail is about 20 cm; weight 7–13 kg. The color of the coat in winter is fawn, dirty yellow, with a noticeable red and black tint, the tail is reddish-brown with a black tip. It is found in southern Eurasia, North Africa; in Russia mainly in the North Caucasus. The Asian jackal prefers to settle in thickets of bushes and reeds, on plains, near rivers, lakes and seas. It is less common in the foothills. The jackal uses natural niches and depressions, crevices among stones, and sometimes abandoned holes as shelters. The animal is active mainly at night, but often during the day. Migrates only in search of food. The jackal is omnivorous, but feeds mainly on small animals: rodents, birds, fish, as well as insects, carrion and the remains of the prey of large predators. It also eats fruits and berries, including grapes, watermelons, melons, and plant bulbs. Living near villages, he also hunts poultry. When going out to hunt, the jackal emits a loud howl, which is picked up by all its relatives nearby. They hunt more often alone or in pairs. The jackal forms pairs for life; the male takes an active part in creating a hole and raising offspring. The rut occurs from January to February. Pregnancy lasts about 2 months. Usually 4–6, rarely 8 puppies are born. The Asian jackal is a carrier of dangerous diseases (rabies and plague). It has no commercial significance.
7 slide
Slide description:
White hare HARES, a family of mammals of the order Lagomorpha. OK. 50 species, including hare, hare, wild rabbit, tolai, Manchurian hare. Some species are adapted to fast running, digging, swimming, and climbing. Distributed everywhere, with the exception of the island of Madagascar, the southern regions of South America and Antarctica. Lead an active, solitary lifestyle; They do not have permanent shelters. They reproduce up to 4 times a year. There are 2-8 (up to 15) cubs in a litter. The cubs are born on bare ground, sighted, covered with fur. Already at the age of several days they can move independently. Rabbits live in burrows in colonies. The cubs are born naked, blind, and helpless. Object of commercial and sport hunting (wild rabbit, brown hare, etc.). Some types of hares cause great damage to pastures, orchards, and forest plantings. Certain species spread carriers of natural focal infections. 4 species in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
8 slide
Slide description:
Slide 9
Slide description:
Wagtail (Motacilla), a genus of passerine birds. Length 16.5-18 cm; the tail is long, constantly swaying from top to bottom (hence the name). Colored in black, white, grey, yellow and greenish. 11 species live in Eurasia and Africa. In the Western Hemisphere, the only species is the yellow wagtail (M. flava). Destroy harmful insects.
10 slide
Slide description:
Bustard Bustards, order of crane-like creatures. They look like chicken-like creatures. Weight 20–23 kg, the smallest 1–2 kg. The body of the bustard is dense, the neck is of medium length and rather thick, the head is large. Being land birds, bustards have strong, thick, medium-length notes with broad and short toes, adapted for walking and running. Bustards are inhabitants of open spaces - steppes, savannas, prairies, deserts and semi-deserts. The food is varied, mostly plant-based. Most species do not drink water. The nest is located on the ground in the form of a depression lined with vegetation. The clutch contains 2–5 motley eggs. . The chicks hatch after 20–30 days covered in down and soon leave the nest.
11 slide
Slide description:
Rhinoceros beetle Rhinoceros beetle is an insect of the lamellar family. Length 2.5-4.5 cm. The male has a horn curved back on his head. Distributed in Europe in mixed forests and steppes.
12 slide
Slide description:
Bumblebee Bumblebees are a genus of social insects of the superfamily bees. Length up to 35 mm. OK. 300 species, widely distributed. The most important pollinators of plants, including forage crops. The numbers of many species are declining and are protected.
Slide 13
Slide description:
Lizard LIZARDS are a suborder of reptiles of the squamate order. 20 families, including geckos, agamas, iguanas, monitor lizards, poisonous teeth, chameleons and others, more than 3900 species. They live on all continents except Antarctica, mainly in the tropics and subtropics; in steppes, deserts and forests. The body is 3.5 cm long, covered with keratinized scales. The body is flattened, laterally compressed (or cylindrical), of various colors. Most limbs are well developed. Many species of lizards are capable of throwing off their tails (autotomy). Most lead a terrestrial lifestyle, some live in the soil, on trees, on rocks. Small lizards feed on invertebrates, mainly insects. Mostly oviparous, there are ovoviviparous and viviparous. The meat of lizards is edible, the skin is used for various crafts. Many species and subspecies of lizards
Slide 14
Slide description:
Timothy Timothy, a genus of annual and perennial herbs of the grass family. OK. 20 types. Meadow timothy grass is grown as a fodder plant in a mixture with leguminous grasses.
15 slide
Slide description:
Yarrow Yarrow is a genus of perennial herbs in the Asteraceae family. Over 100 species, mainly in temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Yarrow infusion and extract are hemostatic agents. Some species are cultivated as ornamental.
16 slide
Slide description:
Nivyanik Nivyanik, a genus of perennial herbs of the Asteraceae family. OK. 20 species, in the temperate zone of Eurasia, mainly in mountainous regions. Common cornflower (L. vulgare), or popovnik, and some other cornflowers are ornamental plants.
Slide 17
Slide description:
Clover CLOVER, a genus of perennial and annual herbs of the legume family. OK. 200 species, mainly in Eurasia and Northern. America. Mostly red clover is grown in a mixture with cereals and in its pure form. Forage plant (up to 400 centners per 1 ha of green mass, 60-80 centners per 1 ha of hay). Honey plant.
18 slide
Slide description:
Slide 19
Slide description:
Frogs Frogs are distributed throughout the world, except in the Arctic regions, southern South America, South Australia and New Zealand. In Russia, grass, pond, lake, and sharp-faced frogs are often found. They feed mainly on insects; large individuals can also eat small vertebrates, including amphibians. Frogs breed mainly in water bodies; the female lays from 500 to 11 thousand eggs. During the breeding season, many frogs are characterized by a variety of sound signaling (concerts).
20 slide
Slide description:
Cattail Cattail, a genus of perennial aquatic grasses of the cattail family. OK. 15 species, sometimes forming extensive thickets along the banks of reservoirs and swamps in the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Siberia and Middle East. Asia. Stems and leaves are used as building material, for weaving baskets, etc.; rhizomes, rich in starch, are food for muskrats, muskrats, and nutria. The cattail family consists of a single genus of cattails.
21 slides
Slide description:
Reed KAMYSH, a genus of perennial grasses of the sedge family. Over 250 species, all over the globe; in wet places and in the water of rivers, lakes, swamps. Lake reed, or kuga, is a peat former. Some types are decorative. Reed is often incorrectly called reed.
Slide 22
Slide description:
Reed REED, a genus of large perennial grasses of the grass family. 5 species, mainly in the tropics, 1 species (common reed) - almost cosmopolitan; grows along the banks of reservoirs and swamps. It is used as a building material, for weaving mats, making coarse types of paper, and for fixing sand.
Slide 23
Slide description:
Arrowhead Arrowhead (sagittaria), a genus of perennial aquatic or marsh grasses of the Chastuchaaceae family. OK. 20 species, in Eurasia, America; in Russia there are 4 species. Some arrowheads contain starch in their tuberous formations. Arrow leaf is a valuable food for ducks, muskrats, and beavers.
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