Eurasian Economic Union of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation. Fundamental principles and directions of activity of the Eurasian Economic Union Bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

In Astana (Kazakhstan) by the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Came into force on January 1, 2015.

: Armenia (since January 2, 2015), Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (since August 12, 2015) and Russia.

The population of the EAEU countries as of January 1, 2016 was 182.7 million people (2.5% of the world population). The gross domestic product in the EAEU countries in 2014 amounted to $2.2 trillion (3.2% in the structure of world GDP). Industrial production reached $1.3 trillion (3.7% of global industrial production). The volume of foreign trade in goods of the EAEU with third countries in 2014 amounted to $877.6 billion (3.7% of world exports, 2.3% of world imports).

The Eurasian Economic Union was created on the basis of the Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus and the Common Economic Space as an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality.

Within the framework of the Union, freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor is ensured, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in key sectors of the economy.

The idea of ​​creating the EAEU was laid down in the Declaration on Eurasian Economic Integration adopted by the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan on November 18, 2011. It sets out the goals of Eurasian economic integration for the future, including the declared task of creating the Eurasian Economic Union by January 1, 2015.

The creation of the EAEU means a transition to the next stage of integration after the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space.

The main goals of the Union are:

— creating conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in the interests of improving the living standards of their population;

— the desire to form a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources within the Union;

— comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The highest body of the EAEU is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the heads of member states. The SEEC considers fundamental issues of the Union's activities, determines the strategy, directions and prospects for the development of integration and makes decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the Union.

Meetings of the Supreme Council are held at least once a year. To resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities, extraordinary meetings of the Supreme Council may be convened at the initiative of any of the member states or the chairman of the Supreme Council.

The implementation and control over the execution of the EAEU Treaty, international treaties within the Union and decisions of the Supreme Council is ensured by the Intergovernmental Council (IGC), consisting of the heads of government of the member states. Meetings of the Intergovernmental Council are held as necessary, but at least twice a year.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union with headquarters in Moscow. The main tasks of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the Union.

The Union Court is a judicial body of the Union that ensures the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The chairmanship of the SEEC, EMU and the EEC Council (the level of vice-premiers) is carried out on a rotational basis in the order of the Russian alphabet by one member state for one calendar year without the right of extension.

In 2016, Kazakhstan presides over these bodies.

Obstacles in the internal market of the EAEU

White Paper on Customs Barriers

The report “Barriers, exemptions and restrictions of the Eurasian Economic Union” reflects the results of the Union’s work to remove obstacles to trade, remaining obstacles, current trade volumes between EAEU members, and conceptual apparatus. Each trade participant can contribute to the White Paper and make the single economic space better by using the Barriers Register resource.

Terminology of obstacles within the EAEU (developed by the EEC jointly with member states)

Barriers are obstacles to the free movement of goods, services, capital, labor within the functioning of the internal market of the Union that do not comply with the law of the Union.

Exemptions are exceptions (derogations) provided for by the law of the Union on the non-application by a Member State of the general rules for the functioning of the internal market of the Union.

Restrictions are obstacles to the free movement of goods, services, capital, labor within the framework of the functioning of the internal market of the Union, arising as a result of the lack of legal regulation of economic relations, the development of which is provided for by the law of the Union.

As of the end of 2016, what are the obstacles in the agreed list? The White Paper contains 60 obstacles: seizure? - 17, restrictions? - 34, barriers - 9.

Figure 1 shows the general relationship between different types of obstacles in the EAEU. Figure 2 shows the number of different types of obstacles used by each Member State.

Obstacle Register

The information resource “Functioning of the internal markets of the Eurasian Economic Union” is an opportunity to draw up an appeal about a potential obstacle to the functioning of the single internal market of the EAEU member states, in which it is necessary to outline the situation that has arisen for you or your organization.

This Internet portal was created with the aim of creating a register of violations and subsequent work with them within the EEC. The portal was created to obtain information “from below,” that is, directly from entrepreneurs who have encountered unlawful obstacles in the EAEU markets when carrying out activities. Anyone can contact the EEC with a statement about an obstacle that arose due to a violation of Union law by an EAEU member country. On the Internet portal you can also view the register of violations and the work of the EEC to eliminate them.

Unified customs tariff

The Unified Customs Tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union (UCT EAEU) is a set of rates of import customs duties applied to goods imported (imported) into the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union from third countries, systematized in accordance with the unified Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Eurasian Economic Union (TN VED ). The EAEU ETT was approved by Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated July 16, 2012 No. 54.

Within the framework of the ETT, there is the possibility of providing tariff benefits, the conditions and mechanism for application of which are indicated in Appendix 6 to the Treaty on the EAEU. Tariff benefits are provided for goods imported into the territory of the Union and represent an exemption from paying import customs duties.

Participants in foreign trade activities should also pay attention to the fact that, in accordance with Article 36 of the Treaty on the EAEU, for goods imported from developing and least developed countries, import customs duty rates of 75% of the CCT rates are applied. List of goods originating and imported from developing and least developed countries, the import of which is granted tariff preferences (soon to become invalid). The new list of such goods was determined by the Decision of the EEC Council (comes into force on August 28, 2017).

The Treaty on the EAEU also establishes the rules for determining the volume of quotas for agricultural goods. Such rules determine the maximum volume of agricultural products of a certain type allowed for import into the territory of the EAEU. The quota is provided for different groups of goods and contributes to the development of import substitution. The volume of quotas is determined by the EEC Board every year.

Technical regulations

Technical Regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union is a document adopted by the Eurasian Economic Commission and establishing requirements for objects of technical regulation that are mandatory for application and execution on the territory of the Union.

Technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union are adopted to ensure the implementation of priority interests in the field of security.

In order to protect human life and (or) health, property, the environment, life and (or) health of animals and plants, to prevent actions that mislead consumers, as well as to ensure energy efficiency and resource conservation within the EAEU, technical regulations of the Union are adopted .

Products for which the EAEU technical regulations have been adopted are put into circulation within the Union, provided that they have passed the necessary conformity assessment procedures established by the EAEU technical regulations. The EAEU member countries ensure the circulation of products that meet the requirements of the EAEU technical regulations on their territory without imposing additional requirements for such products and without conducting additional conformity assessment procedures. Products that have passed conformity assessment procedures are marked.

From the date of entry into force of technical regulations for a certain type of product in the territories of the Parties, the corresponding mandatory requirements established by national legislation are not applied. Thus, obtaining documents confirming compliance with the technical regulations of the EAEU makes it possible for products to circulate freely on the territory of the Union.

Confirmation of product compliance with technical regulations is carried out in the form of declaration of conformity or certification. The use of one of these forms depends on the degree of risk of harm from the use of the product. There are several conformity assessment (confirmation) schemes: 6 declaration schemes and 9 certification schemes. The diagram illustrates the application of different forms of compliance depending on the risk. More detailed instructions on the use of declaration/certification schemes, as well as all necessary documentation, can be found in the presentation on the EEC website.

List of areas in which EAEU technical regulations are applied:

Pyrotechnic products;

Individual protection means;

Package;

Products intended for children and adolescents;

• Perfume and cosmetic products;

  Light industry products;

  Automotive and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet fuel and fuel oil;

  Low voltage equipment;

  Cars and equipment;

• Equipment for work in explosive environments;

  Appliances operating on gaseous fuel;

  Electromagnetic technical means;

• Food products;

  Juice products from fruits and vegetables;

  Oil and fat products;

  Specialized food products, including dietary therapeutic and preventive nutrition;

  Food additives, flavorings and processing aids;

  Small vessels;

  Equipment operating under excess pressure;

  Lubricants, oils and special fluids;

  Milk and dairy products;

  Meat and meat products;

  Furniture products;

  Explosives and products based on them;

  Railway rolling stock;

  High-speed rail transport;

  Railway transport infrastructure;

  Wheeled vehicles;

  Car roads;

  Agricultural and forestry tractors and trailers for them;

  Tobacco products.

Unified sign of circulation of goods of the EAEU

Marking with a single circulation mark, in accordance with the Treaty on the EAEU, is one of the measures to develop exports.

In accordance with the Decision of the Customs Union Commission dated July 15, 2011 No. 711 “On the unified circulation mark of products on the market of the Eurasian Economic Union and the procedure for its application,” manufacturers, persons authorized by the manufacturer, importers (suppliers) of products have the right to mark them with a single circulation mark if the product has passed all conformity assessment procedures established by the relevant technical regulations of the EAEU on the territory of any of its member states, which is confirmed by the relevant documents.

A single circulation sign is applied in accordance with the following rules: The image must be one-color and contrast with the color of the surface on which it is applied; The place where a single circulation mark is applied to products, containers (packaging) and documentation is established in the technical regulations of the Customs Union.

Special requirements are imposed on the labeling of medicinal products for medical use and veterinary medicinal products in accordance with the Decision of the EEC Council of November 3, 2016 No. 76. There are also special requirements for the labeling of fur products in connection with the implementation in 2015 - 2016 of a pilot project to introduce labeling of goods with control (identification) marks for the product item “Clothing items, clothing accessories and other products made from natural fur” dated September 8, 2015 of the year.

Products that have passed all tests and comply with the requirements of the technical regulations of the EAEU (list in section ) must be marked with a single sign of product circulation on the Union market (Eurasian Conformity, EAC):

Labeling of products made from natural fur

Labeling of fur products is mandatory for all participants in the circulation of goods: manufacturers, importers, wholesalers and retailers, commission agents and other participants in the fur market.

List of goods subject to mandatory labeling:

Mink garments;

Mink garments;

Items of clothing made from nutria;

Items of clothing made from arctic fox or fox;

Items of clothing made from rabbit or hare;

Raccoon clothing items;

Sheepskin garments;

Other items of clothing.

Sequence of actions when marking fur products:

Registration in the Labeling Information Resource using an electronic signature;

Product description in your Personal Account;

Submitting an application for the production of control (identification) marks (KiZ);

Payment for the production of the KiZ (the cost of a sewn-in KiZ is up to 15 rubles, the cost of an adhesive KiZ is up to 15 rubles, the cost of an invoice (mounted) KiZ is up to 22 rubles);

Receiving key information from the issuer;

Product labeling;

Recording the fact of labeling in the Personal Account of the Labeling Information Resource.

Regional trade agreements

Foreign trade participants should pay attention to the fact that when concluding RTAs with other countries, the EAEU has the competence to create free trade zones with other countries, but only in relation to goods. Thus, the EAEU countries decide on a case-by-case basis whether to include issues of trade in services or not. This procedure hinders the development of the Union, preventing the conclusion of deep agreements, since today in world trade the share of trade in services is constantly growing, and the lack of competence of the EAEU in this matter makes agreements with the Union not competitive with other countries. A significant gap in the EAEU policy should also be recognized as the Union’s lack of competence to conclude investment agreements with third countries.

However, the EAEU already has one. Currently, the EAEU is at the stage of negotiations and preparations for concluding regional trade agreements (RTAs) with some countries (Iran, Egypt, Singapore, China).

Free trade zone with Vietnam

The EAEU-Vietnam agreement on the creation of a free trade area (FTA) was signed on May 29, 2015 (came into force on October 5, 2016).

The agreement deals primarily with the mutual abolition of trade duties on goods (does not apply to services). According to the document, the abolition of import customs duties by the Vietnamese side does not cover only 12% of the product range, for most of which the Union countries have no export interest.

According to the agreement, Vietnam opens the market for many goods of export interest to the countries of the Union:

agricultural sector: beef, pork and poultry, processed meat products, canned fish, seeds, flour, dairy products, cheese, vegetable oil, animal feed, alcoholic beverages;

industrial sector: gemstones, tires, asbestos, pipes, rolled steel, ships, mechanical equipment, electronic equipment, automobile parts, steel products, agricultural machinery, buses, cars, trucks, petroleum products.

According to the EEC, the groups of goods that are most exported from Russia to Vietnam (as of 2016) are:

Mineral products;

Base metals and products made from them;

Chemical industry products;

Machinery, equipment, transport;

Plastics and rubber;

Prepared food products.

According to the Vietnam Customs Service in 2017, the top 10 imported goods include the following groups:

Machines, equipment, machine tools, tools;

Computers, electronics, spare parts and other components;

Textiles, leather, materials for footwear production, auxiliary materials;

Telephones, mobile phones, components;

Iron and steel;

• Petroleum products;

  Other base metals;

  Plastic products;

  Chemical products.

Russian exporters should pay attention to what goods are most needed in Vietnam and what niche can be filled. For example, in Vietnam there is a high demand for materials for the production of clothing and footwear, which are currently not the main export item from Russia to Vietnam.

The Customs Union, EAEU, is an agreement adopted by members of the Eurasian Economic Union, the purpose of which is to abolish customs duties in trade relations. Based on these agreements, common ways of carrying out economic activities are created. Let's find out which countries made the list in 2019.

The Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union or CU EAEU is a customs union of member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Before the creation of the EAEU in 2015, it was a customs union of only three countries (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan) from among the participating countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - and thus was a Customs Union based on the Eurasian Economic Community, membership in which was optional for participating countries EurAsEC. When the EAEU was created (unlike its predecessor, the EurAsEC), the common customs union became an integral part of the EAEU, and all EAEU member countries automatically enter the Customs Union from the moment they join the EAEU. At the same time, the member countries of the Customs Union applied (before the formation of the EAEU on January 1, 2015) and continue to apply common customs tariffs and other regulatory measures when trading with third countries.

EAEU in 2019, list of countries

All countries of the EAEU customs space apply a single, coordinated approach to customs procedures and goods imported and exported across the borders of the Customs Union. Also, throughout the territory of the Customs Union, equal rights for citizens of participating countries in employment are assumed.

The participants of the Customs Union are currently members of the EAEU:

• Republic of Armenia;
• Republic of Belarus;
• The Republic of Kazakhstan;
• Republic of Kyrgyzstan;
• Russian Federation.

Syria and Tunisia announced their intention to join the CU, and a proposal was voiced to admit Turkey into the Union. However, nothing is known about specific actions to implement these intentions.

EAEU-2019, who controls

One of the important goals of the Customs Union is the joint protection of the domestic market of the Customs Union, as well as the creation of favorable conditions for the production and sale, primarily, of domestic products of the Union member countries. At this point in the program, mutual understanding between states turned out to be somewhat less than in matters of mutual trade. Each country had its own priorities in the development of production, while protecting the interests of neighbors sometimes had a negative impact on importing enterprises and the population.

The management and coordination bodies in the EAEU are:

• The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is a supranational body consisting of the heads of state of the EAEU members;
• The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a permanent regulatory body of the EAEU. The competence of the EEC includes, among other things, issues of international trade and customs regulation.

It would be fair to say that the Customs Union is one of the stages of a plan to strengthen economic ties between some states in the territory of the former USSR. In a certain sense, this can be seen as the restoration of once existing economic and technological chains, taking into account new political and economic realities.

An important aspect of the EAEU’s activities has become the system of centralized distribution of customs duties paid when crossing the borders of the Common Economic Space.

• Russia accounts for 85.33% of the total;
• Kazakhstan receives – 7.11%;
• Belarus – 4.55%;
• Kyrgyzstan – 1.9%;
• Armenia – 1.11%.

In addition, the Customs Union has a mechanism for coordinated collection and distribution of indirect taxes. Thus, in its current state, the Customs Union is a way of economic integration of the states that are members of the EAEU.

Official information about the Customs Union can be obtained on the website of the Eurasian Economic Union - eurasiancommission.org.

Every year the world moves further along the path of globalization and integration. Ties within economic and political unions are becoming stronger, and new interstate associations are emerging. One of such organizations is the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Let's learn more about the work of this regional association.

The essence of the EAEU

What is the Eurasian Economic Union? This is an international association aimed at the economic integration of a number of countries located in Europe and Asia. Currently, it only includes a number of states of the former Soviet Union, but this does not mean that, theoretically, the EAEU cannot expand beyond the borders of the former USSR.

It should be noted that members of the Eurasian Economic Union are expanding cooperation among themselves not only in economic terms, but also in political and cultural aspects.

Organizational goals

The main goal that the Eurasian Economic Union sets for itself is to deepen economic interaction between its member countries. This is expressed in local tasks, such as stimulating trade circulation between countries, removing customs and tax restrictions on trade, developing cooperation and developing common economic projects. The result of deepening cooperation should be the growth of the economies of the participating countries and an increase in the living standards of their citizens.

The main tool for achieving the strategic goal is to ensure free trade, which is expressed in the unimpeded movement of goods, capital, labor and other resources within the borders of the EAEU.

Background of creation

Let's find out how such an organization as the Eurasian Economic Union was formed.

The creation of the CIS marked the beginning of the reintegration of states in the vastness of the former USSR. The agreement on the formation of this entity was signed in December 1991 between the heads of the RSFSR, Belarus and Ukraine. Later, until 1994 inclusive, all Soviet republics, except the Baltic countries, joined it. True, Turkmenistan takes part in the organization as an association; the Ukrainian parliament has never ratified the agreement, therefore, although the country is a founder and participant in the association, it is not legally a member, and Georgia left the CIS in 2008.

At the same time, during their work, the Commonwealth institutions have shown their low efficiency. The decisions of the CIS bodies were actually not binding on its members and were often not implemented, and the economic effect of cooperation was minimal. This has forced the governments of some countries in the region to think about creating more effective systems of interaction.

The President of Kazakhstan made a statement about the need to create a closer union than the CIS, which would imply systemic integration of the economies of the participating countries, as well as a common defense policy. By analogy with the European Union, he called the hypothetical organization the Eurasian Union. As we can see, the name stuck and was used in the future to create a new economic structure.

The next step on the path of mutual integration was the signing in 1996 of the Agreement on Deepening Integration between the leaders of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Its action covered both economic and humanitarian spheres.

EurAsEC is the predecessor of the EAEU

In 2001, the integration aspirations of the above countries, as well as Tajikistan, which joined them, were expressed in the creation of a full-fledged international organization - the Eurasian Economic Community. In 2006, Uzbekistan became a member of the EurAsEC, but only after two years it suspended its participation in the organization. Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia received observer status.

The purpose of this organization was to deepen economic cooperation in the region, as well as to implement some tasks that the CIS could not cope with. It was a natural continuation of the integration processes that were launched by the 1996 agreement, and the Eurasian Economic Union was the result of common efforts.

Organization of the Customs Union

One of the main tasks of the EurAsEC was the organization of the Customs Union. It provided for a single customs territory. That is, within the borders of this interstate association, customs duties were not levied when moving goods.

The agreement on the formation of the Customs Union between representatives of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus was signed back in 2007. But before the organization could begin to fully function, each of the participating countries had to make appropriate changes to their domestic legislation.

TS began its activities in January 2010. First of all, this was expressed in the formation of identical customs tariffs. The Unified Customs Code came into effect in July. It served as the foundation on which the entire TS system rests. This is how the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union was formed, which is still in force today.

In 2011, a common customs territory began to function, which meant the abolition of all customs restrictions between the CU countries.

During 2014-2015, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia also joined the Customs Union. Representatives of the authorities of Tunisia and Syria expressed their desire for their countries to join the CU organization in the future.

The Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union are, in fact, components of the same regional integration process.

Education of the EAEU

The Eurasian Economic Union is the final result of the integration aspirations of a number of countries of the former Soviet Union. The decision to create this organization was made at the summit of the heads of EurAsEC members back in 2010. Since 2012, the Common Economic Space began to function, on the basis of which the formation of the EAEU was planned.

In May 2014, an agreement was agreed between the heads of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus on the creation of this organization. In fact, it came into force at the beginning of 2015. Due to this fact, the EurAsEC was liquidated.

Participating countries

Initially, the founding countries of the EurAsEC organization were the states that were most interested in economic integration in the region. These are Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia. Later they were joined by Armenia and Kyrgyzstan.

Thus, currently the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are represented by five countries.

Extension

The United Eurasian Economic Union is not a structure with fixed borders. Hypothetically, any country that meets the requirements of the organization can become its member. Thus, in January 2015, Armenia became a member of the union, and in August Kyrgyzstan joined the organization.

The most likely candidate to join the community is Tajikistan. This country cooperates closely with the EAEU states within the framework of other regional organizations and does not remain aloof from integration processes. Tajikistan is a member of the CIS, the collective defense organization CSTO, and at one time was a full member of the EurAsEC community, which ceased to exist after the EAEU began functioning. In 2014, the President of Tajikistan announced the need to study the possibility of the country joining the EAEU.

In 2012-2013, negotiations were held on the possible future entry into the organization of Ukraine, since regional cooperation without this country, according to experts, could not give the maximum effect. But the political elite of the state was committed to integration in the European direction. After the overthrow of the Yanukovych government in 2014, the possibility of Ukraine joining the EAEU can only be realistic in the long term.

Controls

Members of the Eurasian Economic Union formed the governing bodies of this international organization.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the governing body of the EAEU at the highest level. It includes heads that represent the states of the Eurasian Economic Union. This body resolves all the most important strategic issues. He holds a meeting once a year. Decisions are made exclusively unanimously. The countries of the Eurasian Economic Union are obliged to comply with all decisions of the Supreme Council of the EAEU.

Naturally, a body that meets once a year cannot fully ensure the constant functioning of the entire organization. For these purposes, a commission of the Eurasian Economic Union (Eurasian Economic Commission) was created. The tasks of this structure include the preparation and implementation of specific integration measures, which are provided for by the general development strategy developed by the Supreme Council. Currently, the commission employs 1,071 people who have received the status of international employees.

The executive body of the commission is the Collegium. It consists of fourteen people. In fact, each of them is an analogue of ministers in national governments and is responsible for a specific area of ​​activity: economy, energy, customs cooperation, trade, etc.

Economic interaction

The main goal of creating the EAEU is to deepen economic integration between the countries of the region. Therefore, it is not surprising that economics comes first in the organization’s tasks.

Within the boundaries of the organization, the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union, adopted back in 2010, before the start of the functioning of the EAEU, is in force. It provides for the free movement of goods without customs control in the territory of all countries of the organization.

The use of economic instruments provided for by the EAEU development concept is intended to reduce the cost of goods that cross the border due to the absence of a customs margin on them; increase competition, which should cause an increase in product quality; bring tax legislation in all countries to a common denominator; increase the GDP of the organization’s members and the welfare of their citizens.

Criticism

At the same time, there are many critical reviews of the work of the EAEU among economic analysts. Moreover, they exist both among ardent opponents of the existence of such an organization, and among its moderate supporters.

Thus, the fact that the project was actually launched before all the nuances of its mechanisms had been worked out and agreements had been reached on the prospects of the EAEU has been criticized. It is also noted that in fact the union pursues political rather than economic goals, and in economic terms it is not beneficial for all its members, including Russia.

Prospects

At the same time, the prospects for the EAEU, given the correct choice of economic course and coordination of actions between the participants, look quite good. A significant economic effect is noticeable even under the conditions of sanctions imposed on Russia by Western countries. In the future, it is planned that the effect of participation in the EAEU will be expressed in a 25 percent increase in GDP for all its participants.

In addition, there is a possibility of further expansion of the organization. Many countries of the world are interested in cooperation with the EAEU without joining the union. For example, a free trade zone will soon begin to operate between the community and Vietnam. The governments of Iran, China, India, Egypt, Pakistan and a number of other states have also expressed interest in establishing such relations.

Subtotals

It is still too early to talk about how successful the implementation of the EAEU has been, because the organization has been functioning for just over a year. At the same time, certain intermediate results can be drawn right now.

It is a great achievement that the organization actually works and is not a structure created just for show. This is especially significant in the context of international economic sanctions against the country, which, in fact, is the cementing basis of the union - Russia.

At the same time, despite many positive aspects, it should be noted that the EAEU does not function as clearly as those who saw the future of this organization only in rosy colors would like. There are many disagreements both at the level of senior management of the participating countries and in terms of agreeing on small details, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the economic return of this project as a whole.

But let’s hope that the shortcomings will be resolved over time, and the EAEU will turn into a clear mechanism that works effectively for the benefit of all its members.

President of Russian Federation

Vladimir Putin

“We set ourselves an ambitious goal - to join the Eurasian Union. We propose a model of a powerful supranational association capable of becoming one of the poles of the modern world.

The combination of natural resources, capital, and strong human potential will allow the Eurasian Union to be competitive in the industrial and technological race, in the competition for investors, for the creation of new jobs and advanced industries. And along with other key players and regional structures, ensure the sustainability of global development.

Only together can our countries become among the leaders of global growth and civilizational progress and achieve success and prosperity.”

Geography

Territory: 17.1 million square meters. km
Population: 146.88 million people
Capital: Moscow, 12.1 million inhabitants

Economic indicators

Gross domestic product in 2018 amounted to 1,661.0 billion US dollars at current prices. The index of physical volume of gross domestic product (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 is 102.3%.
The volume of industrial production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 1,115.4 billion US dollars. Industrial production index (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 – 102.9%.
The volume of agricultural production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 81.9 billion US dollars. Gross Domestic Product Physical Volume Index
(at constant prices) in 2018 to 2017 – 99.8%.
Oil production, including gas condensate in 2018 – 555.5 million tons, per capita – 3,783.4 kg.
Natural gas production in 2018 – 726.0 billion m3, per capita – 4,944.7 m3.

Oil and gas production, processing of precious stones and metals, aircraft manufacturing, rocket and space production, nuclear industry, production of weapons and military equipment, electrical engineering, pulp and paper industry, automotive industry, transport, road and agricultural engineering, light and food industries.

Additionally

The largest rivers, length across the state territory, km: Lena - 4337, Yenisei (with Angara) - 3,844, Volga - 3,694, Ob - 3,676, Amur - 2,855

The largest lakes, thousand km2: Caspian Sea - 371, Baikal - 31.5, Ladoga - 17.7, Onega - 9.7

Highest altitude above sea level: Mount Elbrus – 5,642 m

January: from 0° C, -5° C (North Caucasus) to -40° C, -50° C (east of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia);
July: from + 1° C (northern coast of Siberia) to + 24-25° C (Caspian lowland)

President of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kassym-Jomart Tokayev

“Nursultan Nazarbayev is the main ideologist and consistent creator of Eurasian integration. Today the EAEU has taken place and is demonstrating its effectiveness. It is necessary to intensify work in broader formats for the long term. Including the establishment of “integration of integrations”, cooperation in the Greater Eurasia format.”

First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Nursultan Nazarbaev

“The Customs Union of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus, for the first time in history, brings together the peoples of our countries on the basis of mutual respect, preservation of national identity and awareness of the inseparability of a common future.

The consistent transformation of the Customs Union into the Common Economic Space, and over time into the Eurasian Economic Union, will become a powerful incentive for the prosperity of our peoples and will lead our countries to leading positions in the global world.

We are all witnessing the birth of a new unique Eurasian community of nations, which not only has a rich experience of a shared past, but also an indivisible common history of the future.”

Geography

Territory: 2,724.9 thousand square meters. km
Population: 18.16 million people
Capital: Nur-Sultan, 1 million inhabitants

Economic indicators

Gross domestic product in 2018 amounted to 179.3 billion US dollars at current prices. The index of physical volume of gross domestic product (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 is 104.1%.
The volume of industrial production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 79.0 billion US dollars. Industrial production index (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 – 104.4%.
The volume of agricultural production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 13.0 billion US dollars. Gross Domestic Product Physical Volume Index
(at constant prices) in 2018 to 2017 – 103.4%.
Oil production, including gas condensate in 2018 – 90.4 million tons, per capita – 4,944 kg.
Natural gas production in 2018 – 55.5 billion m3, per capita – 3,034.2 m3

Main industries

Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, chemical, mechanical engineering, light, food, as well as oil refining and production of building materials.

Additionally

The largest rivers, length across the state territory, km: Ertis (Irtysh) - 1,698, Yesil (Ishym) - 1,400, Syrdarya - 1,400, Zhaiyk (Ural) - 1,082

The largest lakes, thousand km2: Caspian Sea - 371, Aral Sea - 41.0, Balkhash - 18.2

Highest altitude above sea level: Khan Tengri Peak (Saryzhaz Ridge) – 6,995 m

Average monthly temperature:
January: from -1.4° C (in the south) to -24.6° C (in the north),
July: from +18.1° C (in the north) to +30.6° C (in the south)

President of the Republic of Belarus

Alexander Lukashenko

“For Belarus, deep, productive integration with its closest neighbors was, is and will be a natural path of development. Two referendums with an absolute majority gave the authorities a clear mandate for integration.

Integration developments within the framework of the Union State made it possible to intelligently and confidently apply them in a broader, multilateral format. It is important that the Union State, the Customs Union, and the Common Economic Space enrich and complement each other.

Now we are about to implement decisions that are commonly called fateful. Our firm intention to resolutely deepen integration is not accidental. This is a kind of manifesto coming from life.”

Geography

Territory: 207.6 thousand square meters. km
Population: 9.492 million people.
Capital: Minsk, 1.9 million inhabitants

Economic indicators

Gross domestic product in 2018 amounted to 59.6 billion US dollars at current prices. The index of physical volume of gross domestic product (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 is 103.0%.
The volume of industrial production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 54.1 billion US dollars. Industrial production index (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 – 105.7%.
The volume of agricultural production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 9.3 billion US dollars. The index of physical volume of gross domestic product (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 is 96.6%.
Oil production, including gas condensate in 2018 – 1.7 million tons, per capita – 176.1 kg.
Natural gas production in 2018 – 0.2 billion m3, per capita – 22.3 m3
Exports of the Republic of Belarus in 2018 amounted to 33.9 billion US dollars (in 2017 – 29.2 billion US dollars),
Imports of the Republic of Belarus in 2018 amounted to 38.4 billion US dollars (in 2017 – 34.2 billion US dollars).

Main industries

Metallurgical industry, mechanical engineering, metalworking, chemical and petrochemical, light, food.

Additionally

The largest rivers, length throughout the state, km: Dnieper -700, Berezina - 561, Pripyat - 495, Sozh - 493, Neman - 436, Ptich - 421

The largest lakes, km2: Naroch - 79.6, Osveiskoye - 52.8, Chervonoye - 40.8, Lukomskoye - 37.7, Drivyaty - 36.1

Highest altitude above sea level: Mount Dzerzhinskaya - 345 m Average monthly temperature: January: -4.8° C; July: +20.6° C

Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia

Nikol Pashinyan

“We are committed to active interaction with partners in the EAEU in the interests of practical achievement of freedom of movement of goods, services, labor and capital, as well as the introduction of preferential regimes of economic cooperation regulated by Union law.”

Geography

Territory - 29.7 thousand km²
Population - 2.97 million people
Capital - Yerevan, 1 million inhabitants

Economic indicators

Gross domestic product in 2018 amounted to 12.4 billion US dollars at current prices. The index of physical volume of gross domestic product (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 is 105.2%.
The volume of industrial production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 4.0 billion US dollars. Industrial production index (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 – 104.2%.
The volume of agricultural production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 1.8 billion US dollars. The index of physical volume of gross domestic product (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 is 92.4%.

Main industries

Extraction and processing of building materials, non-ferrous metallurgy, production of wine and cognac products. There are enterprises producing metal-cutting machines, molding equipment, precision instruments, synthetic rubber, tires, plastics, chemical fiber, mineral fertilizers, electric motors, tools, microelectronics, jewelry, silk fabrics, knitwear, hosiery.

Additionally

The main river of Armenia is the Araks with its tributary Hrazdan. The total length of the rivers is approximately 23 thousand km.

The largest lakes are Lake Sevan, 1240 km²

Highest altitude above sea level: Mount Aragats (4095 m)

Average monthly temperature: On the plains the average temperature in January is −5 °C, July is +25 °C; in mid-mountains (1000–1500 meters) −10 °C and +20 °C, at altitudes from 1500 to 2000 m −14 and +16, respectively.

President of the Kyrgyz Republic

Sooronbay Jeenbekov

“Integration of the Kyrgyz Republic into the Eurasian Economic Union has been and remains a priority in the country’s foreign economic policy. We attach great importance to this association and are aimed at further developing productive and fruitful cooperation with the countries of the Union"

Geography

Territory: 199.9 thousand square meters. km
Population: 6.26 million people.
Capital: Bishkek, 1 million inhabitants

Economic indicators

Gross domestic product in 2018 amounted to 8.1 billion US dollars at current prices. The index of physical volume of gross domestic product (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 is 103.5%.
The volume of industrial production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 3.7 billion US dollars. Industrial production index (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 – 105.4%.
The volume of agricultural production in 2018 at current prices amounted to 3.0 billion US dollars. The index of physical volume of gross domestic product (in constant prices) in 2018 compared to 2017 is 102.7%.
Oil production, including gas condensate in 2018 – 0.2 million tons, per capita – 31.6 kg.
Natural gas production in 2018 – 0.03 billion m3, per capita – 4.3 m3

Main industries

Agriculture, hydropower, non-ferrous metallurgy, mining, mechanical engineering, instrument making, light and food industries.

Additionally

The largest rivers, length across the state territory, km: Chu - 1300

Largest lakes, thousand km2: Issyk-Kul - 6

Highest altitude above sea level: Pobeda Peak - 7,439 m

Average monthly temperature:
January: from -2.2° C to -29.1° C
July: from +4.1° C to +26.8° C