Word order of adverbs in English. Formation of adverbs in English: rules and exceptions

Hespeakssoftly - He speaks slowly

She'samazinglybeautiful – She is stunningly beautiful

Hedroveveryfast - He drove very quickly

Computersareextensivelyusednowadays – Today computers are used everywhere

Adverbsimage

Adverbs of manner precede semantic verbs, follow function verbs, or come at the end of a sentence.

She easily passed the exam – Sheeasilypassedexam

We’re eagerly waiting for his letter – WeWithimpatientlywe waithisletters

He acted foolishly – Heactedstupid

Adverbsdegrees

Adverbs of degree ( absolutely, completely, totally, extremely, very, quite, rather…) precede adjectives, adverbs and semantic verbs, but follow function verbs.

This is totally unacceptable – Thisabsolutelyunacceptable

They arrived rather early – Theyarrivedenoughearly

We absolutely love her sense of humor – WeSoloveherfeelinghumor

Idon'tquiteunderstandwhatyoumean – I don’t quite understand what you mean

Adverbsfrequencies

Adverbs of frequency follow the missives and tobe, but precede semantic verbs.

He’s always ready to help – HeAlwaysreadyhelp

Sam often complains about his salary – Samoftencomplainsonminesalary

Adverbs of place and time

Place-temporal adverbs usually appear at the end of a sentence.

There’sacafenearby – There is a cafe nearby

I’ll meet you tomorrow – I’ll meetyouTomorrow

Some monosyllabic tense adverbs like soon,now,then precede the meaning books, but follow the service books or tobe.

Shethentoldhimwhathadhappened – Then she told him what happened

He'llsooninformusabouthisdecision – He will tell us about his decision soon

Adverbs begin sentences to add emotion.

Slowlyhe closed the door behind him – SlowlyHeclosedbehindyourselfdoor

In the living roomthere’s an antique grandfather clock – Bliving roomare worthvintagegrandfather'swatch

YesterdayImetthePresident – ​​Yesterday I met with the President

Several adverbs in a row usually go in the order image-place-time.

The baby slept quietly in his cat all night long- ChildquietsleptallnightVcrib

After verbs of motion like go,come,leave adverbs go in the order place-image-time.

He came to work by bus this morning – This morning heI arrivedonworkby bus

Fairly

a(n) + fairly

This is a fairly good CD but it’s not the best they’ve made – Thisnot baddisk, AlthoughatthemThere isAndbetter

Quite

quite + a/an = quite

This is quite a good CD – Thisenoughgooddisk

quite + adjective (horrible, ridiculous, brilliant, amazing, extraordinary, useless, impossible, true, exhausted, certain...) = absolutely

This machine is quite useless – Thismachineabsolutelyuseless

I’m quite certain about this – IfullysureVthis

Rather

a(n) +rather /rather +a(n) = more than usual/desired/expected…

She has a rather soft voice – Uherenoughsoftvoice

I expected the book to be boring but it was rather interesting – Iexpected, Whatbookwillboring, Butsheturned out to bemarvelousinteresting

rather + comparative /too

Ted is rather more experienced than Alec – Tedmore experiencedAlec

She spends rather too much money on clothes – Shetoo muchis wastedonclothes

Pretty

a(n) + pretty

Colloquial expression.

He had a pretty nasty accident the other day – OndaysHehitVcreepyaccident

Enough

adjective/adverb + enough + to- infinitive

She’s old enough to go out on her own – ShealreadyenoughadultForparties

not + adjective/adverb + enough +to- infinitive

Hedidn'ttrunfastenoughtowintherace – He didn't run fast enough to win the race

enough + noun +to- infinitive

We’ve got enough room to put you up – Uusenoughplacesto shelter you

English Joke

In the smoking-room of a theatre, between the acts, an amiable young man addressed an elderly gentleman who was seated beside him:

“The show is very good, don’t you think?”

The old gentleman nodded approvingly, as he replied:

“Me, I always take the surface cars. Them elevated an’ subway stairs ketches my breath.”

“I said the show was a good one,” exclaimed the young man, raising his voice.

Again, the elderly person nodded agreeably.

“They jump about a good deal,” was his comment, “but they’re on the ground, which the others ain’t.”

Now, the young man shouted:

“You’re a little deaf, ain’t you?”

At last the other understood.

“Yes, sir!” he announced proudly. “I’m as def as a post.” He chuckled contentedly. “Some folks think as that’s a terrible affliction, but I don’t. I kin always hear what I’m sayin’ myself, an’ that’s interestingin’ enough for me.”

Adverb (Adverb) refers to independent parts of speech, that is, independent. Let's take a closer look at this part of speech.

Let's get down to business!

What is an English adverb?

Adverb ( adverb) is an independent and independent part of speech, indicating a sign of an action or various circumstances under which the action takes place.

The main questions of an adverb are: “how?” - " how?", "how?" - " in what way?", "Where?" - " where?", "Why? - " why?", "When?" - " when?", "in what degree?" - " to what degree?»

After reading this article, consolidate your knowledge of adverbs on the TOP 100 adverbs simulator in the English language.

All adverbs in English can be divided into two categories: by form and by meaning. The forms of adverbs are:

• simple ( simple): “now”, “today” etc. (now, today, etc.);
• derivatives ( derived). They are formed from qualitative adjectives, to which the suffix “-ly” is added: “usual” - “usually” (usual - usually);
• complex ( compound): "sometimes" (sometimes);
• compound ( composite): “at least” (finally).

According to their meaning, adverbs are divided into groups.

Table of groups of adverbs in English

Group	Which question does it answer?	Adverbs	Example
Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner	How? How?	slowly readily fast quickly carefully	He eats slowly. He eats slowly. She helped me readily. She helped me willingly. Batman drives his car fast. Batman drives his car quickly.
Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place	Where? Where?	there at home everywhere outside	Granny told me to sit there. Grandma told me to sit there. I have looked for my cat everywhere. I looked everywhere for my cat. I left my car outside the yard I left my car outside.
Adverbs of Time Adverbs of time	When? When?	yesterday now today tomorrow	He called me yesterday. He called me yesterday. She is reading newspaper now. She is reading a newspaper now. They will meet tomorrow morning. They will meet tomorrow morning.
Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of frequency	How often? How often?	rarely once always often never sometimes	I visit him daily. I visit him daily. We rarely go to the theatre. We rarely go to the theater. I often visit my family in another city. I often visit my family in another city.
Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of degree	How much? How much? To what degree? To what extent?	rather a bit very quite	I entirely agree with you. I completely agree with you. Laura is very beautiful. Laura is very beautiful. The film was quite interesting. The film was quite interesting.

How and when adverbs are used

Adverbs can give characteristics:

• actions: He is running quickly. - He runs fast.
• sign: She is very witty. - She is very witty.
• another adverbs: It's too late. - Too late.
• entire offer: Honestly, we did a great job. - Honestly, we did a great job.

In addition, adverbs in English can connect separate sentences. Such adverbs include the words: “ therefore», « then», « however», « nevertheless», « still», « yet», « besides», « moreover», « otherwise», « else" Or even whole sentences (subordinate and main clauses as part of a complex: “ when», « where», « how», « why».

For example:

It was very difficult to start my own business. I continued nevertheless and never looked back.- Starting your own business was very difficult. However, I continued and never looked back.

I don’t care why you are late again.“I don’t care why you were late again.”

Adverbs “when”, “where”, “why”, “how” can serve as a question word:

Where is that boy?-Where is this boy?
When did you come?- When did you arrive?

Adverbs can reflect the speaker’s personal attitude to the topic of conversation, in which case they are called “adverbs of point of view” ( viewpoint adverb).

Foolishly, I agreed to help him.- Out of stupidity, I agreed to help him.
Clearly, he is mistaken.- Obviously, he is mistaken.
Actually, I share your opinion.- In general, I share your point of view.

Formation of adverbs in English

In English, most adverbs in English are formed by adding the ending “- ly" For example: "lone" - " lonely"(lonely - lonely), "slow" - " slowly"(slow - slowly)

Please pay attention to some nuances:

If the word ends with "- y", then we change "-y" to "- i" and also add the ending "- ly" As a result, we get the ending “- ily" For example: "easy" - " easily"(easy - easy), "happy" - " happily"(happy - happily).

If a word ends in "-le", then "-le" is simply replaced with "-ly".
For example: “simple” - “ simply"(simple - simple), "able" - " ably"(skillful - skillfully).

Exception words to the rules. Usually these are adverbs that answer the questions: “ When?», « Where?», « How many?. For example: " late" - "late", " little" - "A little", " well" - "Fine", " far" - "far", " fast" - "fast".

Be careful, and if you are in doubt about a word, you can always check yourself by opening a dictionary.

Place of an adverb in an English sentence

The place of adverbs in sentences depends on the words that surround this adverb and directly on its classification:

• Adverbs of manner ( adverbs of manner) are located before the main verb, after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence.

He opened the door quietly. / He quietly opened the door. - He quietly opened the door.
She is greatly respected by other colleagues. - She is very respected by her colleagues.

• Adverbs of degree ( adverbs of degree) will come before an adjective, adverb or main verb, but after an auxiliary verb. Such adverbs include: “ absolutely», « completely», « totally», « very», « quite», « rather", etc.

She is extremely beautiful. - She is incredibly beautiful.
We almost finished this project. - We are almost finished with this project.

• Adverbs of frequency ( adverbs of frequency) is usually placed before the main verb, but after auxiliary verbs, including “to be”. These are adverbs such as " always», « often», « usually», « rarely», « rarely».

I am always pleased to see you.- I'm always glad to see you.
He has always been cruel to her.- He was always cruel to her.

• If we are talking about adverbs of place and time ( adverbs of place and time), then their usual location is at the end or beginning of a sentence. If a sentence contains both adverbs of place and time, the adverb of place comes first. We place some monosyllabic words (soon, now, then) before the main verb, or after auxiliary ones (including “to be”).

I will call you tomorrow.- I'll call you tomorrow.
There is a supermarket nearby.- There is a supermarket nearby.
I will soon let you know whether I want to move or not.- I will let you know soon whether I want to move or not.

• An adverb that defines the entire sentence is usually placed at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Unfortunately, I failed to cope with this work.- Unfortunately, I couldn’t cope with this job.
I will be at work at 8 a.m. probably.- I'll probably be at work by eight in the morning.

What to do if there are two or more adverbs in a sentence? We arrange them according to this scheme: adverb of manner - adverb of place- adverb of time.

She has been reading a book intensely in her bed all day long.- All day she read carefully in her bed.

• And if the sentence contains one of verbs of motion (go, come, leave, etc.)? In this case, the order will be like this: adverb of place - adverb of manner - adverb of time.

I was going there quickly yesterday.- I walked quickly there yesterday.

Flat adverbs

« Flat adverbs", they are " bare adverbs" or adverbs without grammatical indicator- these are adverbs whose form coincides with the corresponding adjectives. Some of them: " far», « fast», « fine», « hard», « high», « long», « low», « near», « quick», « slow», « straight"etc.

Let's look at the most common examples:

• Far(far). This is an adverb doesn't have forms " -ly».

You will go far in your career.- You will go far in your career.

• Fast(fast). Another adverb without the usual equivalent with “-ly”: drive fast(drive quickly).
• Flat(evenly, decisively). Both forms are similar, but distinct:

I was turned down flat.- I was categorically refused.
I was flatly refused.- I was categorically refused.

• Hard(strongly, firmly). This adverb and its form “-ly” have completely different meanings:

He hit him hard.- He hit him hard.
He hardly hit him.- He barely hit him.

• Kind(gently, kindly). "Kind" and "kindly" have slightly different meanings:

Be kind. - Be kind/kind.

Think kindly of them.- Think kindly of them.

• Quick(fast). This adverb is interchangeable with its “-ly” form: “come quick” and “come quickly” mean the same thing (come soon).
• Smart(quickly, deftly). It is shaped with "-ly". The meanings of the shapes are slightly different.

Kids like to play smart now and choose transformers.- Today, children love to play wisely and choose transformers.
He loves dressing smartly.- He likes to dress elegantly.

• Slow(slowly). “Slow” and “slowly” are interchangeable: “drive slow” and “drive slowly” mean the same thing.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs in English

Depending on what we are comparing, we can distinguish 2 degrees of comparison:

1. Comparative- We compare objects based on common features. For example: He jumps higher than his sister.

2. Excellent— we compare objects in order to identify the object with the most pronounced feature. For example: He jumps the highest.

To form comparative And excellent degree of comparison for adverbs with the suffix “- ly", necessary add words « more» ( less) or " most» ( least), which are translated as more/less and most/least, to the positive degree of the word. For example: openly -more/ less openly - most/ least openly (open - more / less open - most / least open).

Monosyllabic adverbs like " fast», « soon" etc. form degrees of comparison, like their corresponding adjectives, that is, using the suffixes “- er» / «- est»:
soon - sooner - soonest(soon).

In a particular number of adverbs in general no degree comparisons. These include " before», « here», « very" and others.

And there is also a group of formation of adverbs in the English language, which are an exception, since they do not form degrees of comparison according to the rules. They need to be learned:

• far - farther - farthest(far);
• far - further - furthest(far);
• badly - worse - worst(Badly);
• little - less - least(few);
• much - more - most(a lot of);
• well - better - best(Fine).

Conclusion

Adverbs in English are independent and independent parts of speech that determine the nature of the action. According to their form they are divided into 4 groups: simple, derivatives, complex And composite. By value they are divided into: adverbs of image actions, adverbs of place, adverbs of time in English, adverbs of frequency in English And adverbs of degree. Adverbs are formed by adding the suffix " -ly” to an adjective, but there are also forms that need to be remembered. Adverbs can appear at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence, and have comparative and superlative degrees of comparison, just like adjectives.

We hope this article has cleared all your doubts on this topic. Good luck in your studies and your clear English.

Big and friendly EnglishDom family

Among the independent parts of speech of both Russian and English lexical composition, adverbs (adverbs) occupy quite an important place. Adverbs in English are different in that they are often confused with adjectives and are sometimes used in the wrong place. The speaker's task in this case is not only to distinguish between an adverb and an adjective, but also to place this word in the right place in the sentence, since sometimes its position can change depending on different circumstances. Such difficulties require us to consider what an adverb is in the English language, how this part of speech differs from others, and also to determine how its main forms are formed.

Main features and features

In order to understand how to distinguish an adverb from other parts of speech, you need to ask a question about the word. Adverb is distinctive in that it always identifies the verb form (as opposed to a preposition or adjective, which is always associated with a noun or pronoun) and answers the question how? In sentences, as a rule, it acts as an adverbial modifier.

Despite the rather significant difference compared to adjectives, the rule of grammar still provides for some connection between these two parts of speech. This is expressed in the fact that adverbs formed from adjectives are often found. In this case, adverb suffixes come into play, and the most common one is the popular suffix –ly. This is especially common in long structures; polysyllabic adjectives to which such a suffix is ​​added become adverbs. Here are some examples with translation:

beautiful (beautiful) – beautifully(Beautiful)
thorough (thorough) – thoroughly(thoroughly)
easy (easy) – easily(easily)
wonderful (wonderful) – wonderfully(Amazing)
strong (strong) – strongly(strongly)

However, there are not only derived words, but also those that coincide in their forms with adjectives. Typically this refers to monosyllabic adverbs, which have exactly the same structure as adjectives. Examples of adverbs of this kind are fast (quickly), quite (quietly), hard (hard), etc.

Structure of English adverbs

The formation of adverbs in the English language occurs according to four main types of formation of these parts of speech. Thus, this classification provides the following types of possible adverbs in terms of their structure:

1. Simple. Their essence lies in the fact that no word-forming morpheme is placed with them: fast (quickly), then (then), soon (soon), here (here), etc.

2. Derivatives. A similar word is usually formed using a suffix. The most popular morpheme is the suffix –ly, but other variants are sometimes used: slowly (slowly), headlong (headlong), likewise (also), freely (freely), etc.

3. Complex. Among the words defined in this category, those that consist of two stems, forming a single and whole adverb, stand out: nowhere (nowhere), everywhere (everywhere), sometimes (sometimes), anyhow (one way or another), etc.

4. Composite. Their essence is that they usually consist of two separate words, but the adverb translation will be the usual: at last (in the end), at once (immediately), at least (finally), in vain (in vain), etc.

Types of English adverbs by meaning

This or that type of adverbs is determined not only by their structure, but also by the meaning that they convey. So, in English sentences, adverbs are of the following types:

• adverbs of time in English they reflect the moment at which the action takes place. Typical adverbs of time include: yesterday (yesterday), tomorrow (tomorrow), soon (soon), etc.
• adverbs of frequency in English they indicate how often a particular process is performed. Here the words frequency or regularity are used directly. These are adverbs of frequency such as often (often), rarely (rarely), sometimes (sometimes), etc.
• adverbs of place in English they show a specific location. Such words are sometimes presented in literature as demonstrative adverbs: there (there), here (here), up (above).
• adverbs of manner show exactly how, that is, in what way the action was performed. Typical adverbs of manner in English are hard (hard), slowly (slowly), kindly (kindly), etc.
• adverbs of possibility and probability (opportunities and probabilities) carry varying degrees of certainty and often reflect uncertain contexts: certainly (obviously), indeed (in fact), perhaps (probably), etc.
• reasons and goals answer the question why, why: therefore (hence), hence (from here), consequently (as a result)
• relative adverbs in English, as a rule, parts of sentences are connected with each other: the place where... (place where...), the reason why... (reason why...), etc.
• adverbs of measure, quantity and degree (measures, quantities and degrees) show the total number or ratio to a particular degree: enough (enough), very (very), exceedingly (extremely), etc.

Place in sentence

Determining the place of an adverb in an English sentence is quite simple: as a rule, such a word is used after the verb. However, there are also some special adverb clauses in which adverbs can become either initial or final position.

In the first case, the structure is placed at the beginning when it is necessary to expressively emphasize a particular situation:
Today she is 18! – Today she is 18! (Emphasis on the fact that she turned 18 not yesterday or tomorrow, but today)

Adverbs that do not have the suffix –ly are often placed at the very end:
You are to come at 10 sharp – You must come exactly at 10

Degrees of comparison

The use of adverbs in degrees of comparison is also possible, and here the comparative and superlative forms are also distinguished. Nevertheless, there is still some difference from adjectives: firstly, in superlative degree the article the is not needed, therefore adverbs do not describe nouns, and secondly, the endings of words do not play any role. The principle here is quite simple: you need to look at the syllables. For monosyllabic words the suffix –er/–est is added, and for polysyllabic words the words more and most are added.

In addition, there are also exceptions that in many ways resemble words from the adjective category. However, most forms are still different, and any table with exceptional cases will reflect this. For example, there is no adverb bad, it is an adjective, and adverb would look like badly. Here are some special words like this:

Proverbs and sayings

Proverbs with adverbs in English are quite common. Of course, these sayings do not consist exclusively of adverbs, but the latter sometimes play an important role in them. For example:

It’s never too late to learn – It’s never too late to learn
A friend in need is a friend indeed – A friend is known in need
Lost time is never found again – Lost time cannot be returned

All these conditions and features of English adverbs play a very important role in the process of learning the language, since the essence of the whole phrase largely depends on the correct use of this part of speech. Various exercises and training materials can help in training the use of adverbs and learning all the special cases.

There are quite a few adverbs in the English language: adverbs of place, time, measure and degree, manner of action. There are adverbs that give words additional meaning. And there are those that characterize the entire proposal as a whole. Let's not forget about adverbs that serve as question words. Let's not ignore adverbs that connect sentences. The classification is large. Think about the content of each group. It contains not one adverb, but several.

You can remember many adverbs, you just have to use them correctly. The question is: how to correctly place them within a sentence? Should we place it at the end of the sentence or at the very beginning? Or maybe its place is after the verb? Which verb: main or auxiliary? In these subtleties of definition adverb places in an English sentence we will sort it out.

Place of an adverb in an English sentence: what and where do we put it?

Usually located after verbs, but before, other adverbs or. For example:

I slept well this night. – I slept well at night.

The Spanish speak very fast. – Spaniards speak very quickly.

This task was incredibly difficult. – This task was incredibly difficult.

This equipment is widely used. – This equipment is used everywhere.

The place of adverbs in depends on the words that surround this adverb, and directly on its classification:

1. Adverbs of manner ( adverbs of manner) are located before the main verb, after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence.
   

   He opened the door quietly/He quietly opened the door. – He quietly opened the door.

   She is greatly respected by other colleagues. “She is very respected by her colleagues.”

2. Adverbs of degree ( adverbs of degree) will appear before an adjective, adverb or main verb, but after an auxiliary verb. Such adverbs include the words - absolutely, completely, totally, very, quite, rather, etc.)
   

   She is e xtremely beautiful. - She is incredibly beautiful.

   He came back rather late. - He returned quite late.

   We almost finished this project. – We are almost finished with this project.

   We didn't quite understand the way you behaved. “We didn’t quite understand how you behaved.”

3. Adverbs of frequency ( adverbs of frequency) is usually placed before the main verb, but after auxiliary verbs, including to be. These are adverbs like always, often, usually, rarely, rarely.
   

   I am always pleased to see you. - I'm always glad to see you.

   Megan often asks questions. – Megan often asks questions.

   He has always been cruel to her. “He was always cruel to her.”

4. If we are talking about adverbs of place and time ( adverbs of place and time), we note that their usual location is at the end or beginning of a sentence. If a sentence contains both adverbs of place and time, the adverb of place comes first. Some one-syllable words ( soon, now, then) we place before the main verb or after auxiliary verbs (including to be).
   

   I will call you tomorrow. - I'll call you tomorrow.

   Yesterday she saw her children. – She saw the children yesterday.

   There is a supermarket nearby.- There is a supermarket nearby.

   I will soon let you know whether I want to move or not. “I’ll let you know soon whether I want to move or not.”

5. An adverb that defines the entire sentence is usually placed at the beginning or end of the sentence.
   

   Unfortunately I failed to cope with this work. “Unfortunately, I couldn’t cope with this job.”

   I will be at work at 8 am, probably. - I'll probably be at work by eight in the morning.

6. If we strive to emphasize the meaning of an adverb (to make it emphatic, i.e. having an intensifying meaning), we place it at the beginning of the sentence.
   

   Tomorrow, I will be sixteen. – Tomorrow I will turn sixteen.

   Slowly, she began lowering my self-esteem. “Slowly she began to lower my self-esteem.

7. Let's say there are two or more adverbs in a sentence. What do we do in this case? We arrange them according to the following scheme: adverb of manner – adverb of place – adverb of time.
   

   She read carefully in her bed all day long. “She lay in bed all day and read carefully.

   And if the sentence contains one of the verbs of motion ( go, come, leave, etc.)? In this case, we will arrange the adverbs as follows: adverb of place – adverb of manner – adverb of time.

   I was going there quickly yesterday. – I walked quickly there yesterday.

As we can see, the positions of adverbs in English can be very different. At first it may seem that all these rules are insanely complex, and therefore difficult to remember. But in practice, it turns out that by actively using the language, a person subsequently determines the place of an adverb in an English sentence automatically.

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Adverbs in English help make speech more vivid, emotional and colorful. Sometimes one word is enough to convey the meaning of a sentence or emphasize what is being said. By studying the formation of adverbs in English using examples, you will be able to more easily understand the peculiarities of composing words, and also learn exceptions. Remember that English is a language of exceptions to the rules, so be sure to study not only the basic rules, but also examples with exceptions. Original imaginary tables should always be in your memory, then your speech will be literate and correct.

Adverbs (adverbs) are used to denote a characteristic or manner of action and can answer the following questions:

Adverbs of the English language are also divided according to their structure, or more precisely, word formation. It is important to remember that an adverb can be:

• Simple (contains only one root => here, now, well)
• Derivatives (root + suffixes and prefixes => rarely, unfortunately, quickly)
• Complex (one word consists of several stems => nowhere, sometimes, downhill)
• Compound (forming an adverb with a phrase that has a single meaning => at first/at first, since then/since then, so far/Bye, at least/at least, in vain/ in vain, at length/details).

When forming adverbs from adjectives, you need to remember that each type is characterized by its own compositional features.

Formation of adverbs in English: rules and exceptions

Using the suffix -ly

This variant of adverb formation is most common. Adverbs in English are formed from adjectives as follows: base of adjective (sometimes noun) + -ly =>

Day+ly => daily (daily)

Swift+ly => swiftly (swiftly)

Sudden+ly => suddenly (unexpectedly)

Bad+ly => badly.

But! The formation of adverbs changes in the following cases =>

When -y changes to -i =>

Happy => happily (happily)

Easy+ly => easily (easy)

Merry => merryly (merry).

Such words will be the exception rather than the rule.

If the word ends in -e, then nothing changes in word formation, you only need to do one thing - add -ly =>

Rude => rudely (rudely)

But!!! True => truly (in fact, truthfully).

If there is an ending -le, then it needs to be changed to -ly =>

Capable => capably (skillfully)

Simple => simply (simple).

On a note! If a word ends in l and is preceded by a vowel, then l needs to be doubled =>

Brutal => brutally (cruelly)

Loyal => loyally (loyally).

Using suffixes -wise, -ward, -like, etc.

It is very important that words are formed correctly: in addition to the well-known suffix -ly, adverbs can also be formed using other suffixes => -wise, -ward, -like, etc.

Vivid examples => forward (forward), warlike (warlike), clockwise (clockwise), stepwise (gradually, step by step), sideward (to the side), seaward (towards the sea).

Important! Adjective word forms and adverb word forms can coincide! This is a difficult situation for a beginning student, and context will help to understand it. Adjectives are related to nouns, and adverbs are related to verbs. In other words, it can be explained as follows => adjective + noun, adverbs + verb. Let's give examples for a better understanding of English grammar =>

I woke up early on Sunday => On Sunday I woke up early. (Answers the question ‘’When?’’ - indicated by an adverb)

This early bird sings so marvelous song! => This early the bird sings such a wonderful song! (Answers the question ‘Which one?’ – is an adjective)

She always drives her car slowly => She always drives her car slowly. (The action is explained by a verb)

Her car is so slowly! => Her car is so slow! (Adjective refers to a noun)

Reference: words related to both adverb and adjective =>

far/near => far/close;

early/late => early/late;

high/low => high/low;

little/much => little/much, etc.

Remember these words well, then it will be easier for you to learn the basic subtleties of the formation of English adverbs.

Please also note that different shapes will have different meanings. It is difficult to guess the correct meaning yourself; it is recommended to seek help from a dictionary. These forms include the following words:

late/lately => late/lately, recently;

hard/hardly => hard/barely;

high/highly => high/extremely, extremely;

close/closely => closely/closely;

near/nearly => close/almost, about.

But! Good=well => good=good.

Classification of adverbs by meaning

In the table below you can clearly see how adverbs are formed and distributed.

Adverbs of time	When?	Yet, tomorrow, now, today, before, later, for a week, frequently…
Adverbs of place	Where?	There, outside, inside, somewhere, nearby, abroad, overseas, upstairs, downstairs, next door…
Adverbs of manner (adverbs of manner of action)	How?	Else, too, quietly, loudly, noisily, easily, slow, bad…
Adverbs of degree (adverbs of degree and measure)	How? To what extent?	Almost, enough, very, extremely, rather, fairly…
Adverbs of frequency	How often? How?	Usually, occasionally, always, normally, rarely, hardly ever, sometimes, never…

Degree of comparison of adverbs: rules and exceptions

If you have already studied degrees of comparison with adjectives, then it will be much easier for you to learn degrees of comparison of adverbs, since you already have the foundation. That's why let's do it So - first you will learn the topic of adjectives, and then take on adverbs. The fact is that the degree of comparison of an adverb is similar to the degree of comparison of an adjective, is formed in an almost identical way. In most cases, of course.

1. Adverbs that end in -ly are formed in the following way =>

comparative degree: more (less) + base;

superlative: most (least) + base.

Amazingly => more amazingly => most amazingly:

Amazing => more amazing => most amazing.

1. If the adverb is monosyllabic (adverbs of manner of action are often such in the English language), then degrees of comparison are formed using the same method as adjectives =>

comparative degree: stem + er;

superlative: base + est.

Late => later => latest:

Late => late => latest.

High => higher => highest:

High => highest => highest.

Slow => slower => slowest:

Slow => slowest => slowest.

But!! There are English adverbs that are not formed according to the rules! It is impossible to explain, you just need to learn:

This table should be in the memory of everyone who wants to speak English correctly. It is recommended to review the table every day.

Comparative turnover.

Another area of ​​use of the adverb. English speech is impossible without their use. Comparative constructions enrich speech, making it brighter and more colorful. Structures that are comparative in nature contain adverbs. The most striking examples =>

• (Not) as/so + adverbs+as(He can cook dishes as well as his master does => He can cook dishes as well as his master).
• The + comparativeadverbs, the + comparativeadverbs. When it is necessary to indicate a cause-and-effect relationship and parallel actions, double phrases with the article the are used (The less you know, the more you are attractive in a boy’s eyes => The less you know, the more attractive you are in the boy’s eyes).
• Comparative adverbs + and + comparative adverbs. A kind of doubling is observed quite often (She was trying (to cope with something) harder and harder => She tried (to cope with something) harder and harder).

The role of adverbs in a sentence

Where should adverbs appear in a sentence? Their place is determined by the words that surround them and the appearance (depending on the classification). Generally speaking, in most cases adverbs occur before a participle or adjective, BUT after the verb.

• Adverbs of time and place

Most often they are placed either at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. Important! First we answer the question ‘’Where?’’, and only then – ‘’When?’’ => I will be working in the gatden tomorrow (Tomorrow I will work in the garden).

• Adverbs of manner

They must be placed either at the end of the sentence or after the semantic verb => We were trying very hard (We tried very hard).

• Introductory structures

If a word functions as an introductory construction, then it is located at the end or at the beginning of the sentence => Fortunately, we took umbrella (Fortunately, we took an umbrella).

• Adverbs of degree

They should be placed before the adjective or semantic verb, or after the auxiliary verb =>

1. These guys were so handsome! (These guys were so attractive!)
2. The Professor almost finished checking the essays (The Professor almost finished checking the essays).

• Adverbs of frequency

Take place before the semantic verb or between the auxiliary and semantic verbs =>

1. He is always ready to say something interesting (He is always ready to say something interesting).
2. My brother usually wakes up early in the morning (My brother usually wakes up early in the morning).

Let's sum it up

Knowing the ways of forming adverbs and the main nuances, you will be able to communicate with ease, choosing the right and most successful words. Remember that the English language has many exceptions to the rules, so these words need to be learned by heart. Remember: free communication is communication without the fear of saying something wrong. Be confident in your knowledge and communicate freely! Good luck and brilliant results!