Presentation on the topic of flora in the Altai region. Flowers and plants of the Altai region

Flora of Altai (flora)
Completed by: Shabanova Marina Gennadievna, primary school teacher MBOU Sarasinskaya Secondary School, Sarasa village, Altai district, Altai Territory 2014

The flora of the Altai region is rich and diverse. The vegetation here was influenced by the geological history of the territory's development, climate, and peculiar relief. Almost all types of vegetation of northern and central Asia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and the European part of Russia are found in Altai. Forests cover most of the Altai region. The only ribbon pine forests in the entire territory of Russia grow here - a unique natural formation, the likes of which are not found anywhere on our planet.

The origin of ribbon pine forests has an interesting history, which is associated with the period when there was a large sea in the south of the West Siberian Lowland, the flow of water from it passed through deep hollows towards the Aral Basin. The flowing water carried sand, and when the climate warmed and the Ob flowed again into the seas of the Arctic Ocean, pine trees began to grow in the sand-filled hollows of the ancient runoff. This is how five ribbons of pine forests were formed, which stretch parallel to each other from the Ob near Barnaul in a southwestern direction towards the Irtysh and the Kulundinskaya lowland.

The woody plant world of the mountainous part of Altai is richer than on the plain. Cedar-fir forests with admixtures of birch and large quantities of pine grow here. This is the so-called black taiga, which is not found in other forest areas of the country. Many shrubs grow in the black taiga - raspberries, rowan berries, viburnum, currants, and bird cherry.

A very common tree in Altai is larch. Larch wood is hard and durable, retains its qualities well both in the ground and in water. Larch is a valuable building material: it is used to build houses that can last for centuries, make dams, build bridges, piers, and use it to make railway sleepers and telegraph poles. Larch forests are light and clean and resemble natural parks in which each tree grows separately.

Siberian cedar pine, cedar is a famous tree species of Altai forests. This is a mighty tree with a dark green crown and long, prickly needles. It forms dense, continuous pine forests on mountain slopes or occurs as an admixture in deciduous and fir forests.

In the forests of the Altai Territory, the most common deciduous species are birch, aspen and poplar. In the flat part of Altai, both birch and mixed groves are found everywhere - small groves of trees of these species with abundant shrubs.

There are several dozen species of shrubs growing in the region, many of which produce edible berries - raspberries, blackberries, currants, honeysuckle, blueberries, lingonberries. The mountain slopes are beautiful in early spring, covered with evergreen wild rosemary (Siberian wild rosemary, Daurian rhododendron) blooming in bright crimson-violet color.

Thickets of juniper, cinquefoil, and meadowsweet are often found. The region is famous for its abundant thickets of useful shrubs - sea buckthorn, which produces berries from which a valuable medicine - sea buckthorn oil - is made.

In taiga meadows with mountain herbs, bees collect exceptionally aromatic honey, the fame of which is known far beyond the borders of our country. In spring and early summer, the plains and slopes of the Altai mountains present a beautiful carpet of colorful flowers: bright orange lights, dark blue and pink tulips, blue bells, carnations, daisies, white and yellow buttercups.

The Altai Mountains are located in the very center of Asia on the territory of four states: Russia, Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia. Altai is the name given to the Russian part of the mountain system.

Altai is a unique place. At the junction of natural zones, in the very center of the continent, at equal distances from the Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans, nature has created an amazing land of blue lakes, high cliffs, impenetrable taiga, dry steppes and vast and rich meadows. Here the Russian Old Believers long ago mixed with the culture of Asia, here the cavalry of Genghis Khan galloped, and the pioneers looked for the way to the mysterious Shambhala. Altai is a unique mix of Asian flavor and the Slavic world, archaic and modern “in one bottle”.

The nature of Altai is equally unique. Most of the territory is occupied by mountains, completely cut by river valleys and intermountain pits. There are over 200 thousand rivers and lakes in Altai, and most of them are mountain rivers - with the purest water, strong currents, steep rapids and strong drops.

The entire territory of the Altai Territory occupies a little more than 167 thousand square meters. km. And in such a relatively small space, 6 natural zones are represented at once: tundra, forest, steppe, semi-desert, subalpine and alpine zones.

In 2002, 5 natural sites in Altai were included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List.

Flora of Altai

The uniqueness of the flora of Altai is due to the unusual relief, special climatic conditions and features of historical development. Almost all plants characteristic of northern and central Asia and the European part of Russia are represented here.

One of the most famous wonders of Altai is the ribbon pine forests. There is no such nature formation anywhere else in the world. Five years of pine forests stretch parallel to each other from the Ob to the Irtysh. Biologists explain the amazing arrangement of plants by the fact that in prehistoric times, most of Altai was occupied by the sea. Over time, the waters of the sea flowed towards the Aral Basin. And along the way, where the hollows formed, pine trees began to grow.

The second miracle of Altai is the black taiga. Here, pines grow next to firs, and mighty Siberian cedars are surrounded by curly birches. Deciduous forests are very common. Altai larch is highly valued in construction.

And a huge number of shrubs: raspberries and viburnum, blueberries and currants, rowan and bird cherry. In spring, the mountain slopes look very picturesque. Here and there thickets of honeysuckle and blueberry stretch like a continuous carpet, and evergreen marigold spreads along crimson-purple paths. Dunar rhododendrons and Siberian wild rosemary, cinquefoil and juicy sea buckthorn grow here.

The flat part of Altai abounds in tall grasses. You can often find groves of trees - small groves where aspens, birches, poplars and maples grow. And how many flowers there are here! Sky blue bells and sapphire tulips, orange lights and snow-white daisies, sunny yellow buttercups and multi-colored carnations. It is not surprising that Altai honey is considered the most delicious in Russia.

In total, there are over two thousand plant species in the Altai Republic, of which 144 are listed in the Red Book.

Fauna of Altai

The richness of the Altai fauna is also explained by the diversity of the landscape. Golden eagles live high in the mountains, their prey being mice, gophers and marmots.

The Altai taiga regions are home to formidable wolverines and brown bears, huge moose and predatory lynxes, fluffy stoats and funny chipmunks. Squirrels fly from tree to tree, moles and hares dig holes under the trees. And in the most windfall places hides the most valuable Altai animal - the sable.

There are foxes on the plains. Wolves are also common. But most of all there are jerboas, hamsters and several types of gophers.

Altai reservoirs are favorite habitats of muskrats and beavers. A huge number of birds live here: ducks and snipes, teals and gray geese, cranes and gulls. During their flights, swans and northern geese stop in the swamps and lakes of Altai.

But there are few reptiles in Altai. The most poisonous is the copperhead snake, and the largest is the patterned snake, reaching a length of 1 meter. There are unusual viviparous lizards, and quite a few vipers - steppe and common.

Lakes and rivers are famous for their abundance of fish. In the rivers they catch perch, gudgeon, and ruff. The most important river in Altai is the Ob, where pike perch, sterlet and bream are found. And on the Altai lakes there is a good catch of pike and perch.

Climate in Altai

The climate of Altai is distinguished by its diversity and contrast. Thus, in the northern regions, summers are warm and dry, and winters are mild and with little snow. But in the mountains, summers are hotter and winters are harsher.

The coldest point of Altai is the Chui steppe. The average winter temperature is minus 32ºC. The absolute minimum was also recorded here - 62 degrees below zero. Cold regions also include the Ukok Plateau and the Kurai Basin.

Winter frosts set in at the end of November. And the snow remains until mid-April. Then a short and stormy spring gives way to a warm summer. Moreover, in the flat part, summer is hotter and drier. Already at the end of August, the time of leaf fall and cool winds begins. Autumn fully comes into its own by the beginning of September.

But Chemal, Kyzyl-ozek, Bele and Yaylyu are considered warm regions of Altai. In winter, temperatures rarely drop below minus 10ºC. This is explained by the fact that these areas are located near Lake Teletskoye and foehns - dry and warm winds - often blow here.

The flora of the Altai region is rich and diverse. The vegetation here was influenced by the geological history of the territory's development, climate, and peculiar relief. Almost all types of vegetation of northern and central Asia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and the European part of Russia are found in Altai.

The region is famous for its abundant thickets of the useful sea buckthorn bush, which produces berries from which the valuable medicine sea buckthorn oil is made. They grow along the banks of reservoirs, in floodplains of rivers and streams, on pebbles and sandy soils of reservoirs.

Valerian (valerian) is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant with small flowers collected in inflorescences. It is also called: maun pharmacy, cat root, magpie tributary grass. The herbaceous plant grows in most of the territory of Russia.

Dandelion has long been given great importance as a source of the “elixir of life.” And this is not surprising if you know about its rare tonic properties. This plant was widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, as well as in folk cooking for preparing cold and hot dishes, as well as a drink that tastes like coffee. Dandelion has long been given great importance as a source of the “elixir of life.” And this is not surprising if you know about its rare tonic properties. This plant was widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, as well as in folk cooking for preparing cold and hot dishes, as well as a drink that tastes like coffee.

Maryin root, or, as it is also called, evasive peony. This plant grows mainly in the Siberian taiga. Maryin root is not only a very beautiful ornamental plant, but also incredibly useful. The plant is popularly nicknamed zhgun-grass because of the pungent taste of its healing rhizomes. Unfortunately, due to massive collections of this plant, its distribution in nature has decreased significantly, so the plant was listed in the Red Book. In medicine, underground and above-ground parts are used to prepare tinctures, which are prescribed as a sedative for insomnia and nervous system disorders.

Spring Adonis is also called: spring adonis, hare poppy, hare grass - a perennial herbaceous plant with a short rhizome. It is distributed in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, growing on chernozem soils on dry hillsides, forest clearings, forest edges and among bushes. Adonis vernatum is grown both as a medicinal and ornamental plant.

Licorice is a perennial herbaceous plant of the legume family with a powerful root system. It forms large thickets along saline steppes and the banks of steppe rivers, on sand, as well as in fields of steppe and semi-desert zones. Licorice root is also used to make medicinal preparations in brewing, confectionery, cooking and for technical purposes.

There are a great many medicinal plants on the planet, but the real leader, which has received universal recognition, can be called nettle. This is a truly unique herb; it is used in various areas of human life. So, in the past, bast fibers obtained from nettles were used to make threads, ropes, fishing nets, and also made very durable fabrics. In the 19th century, Europeans strained honey through a nettle sieve and sifted flour.

Target: To develop the ability to recognize and correctly name medicinal herbs.

Vocabulary work: infusion, decoction, medicinal plants

Preliminary work: conversation about medicinal herbs, excursion to the herbal garden and collection of medicinal herbs. Learning poems and riddles.

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Medicinal plants of the Altai region

Target: To develop the ability to recognize and correctly name medicinal herbs.

Vocabulary work:infusion, decoction, medicinal plants

Preliminary work:conversation about medicinal herbs, excursion to the herbal garden and collection of medicinal herbs. Learning poems and riddles.

Progress of the lesson

Children sit on chairs.

Educator: Hello guys! I walked through fields and meadows. I collected a lot of medicinal plants, but I don’t know what they are called. Help me.

Chamomile grows in the meadow(Slide 1)

Horse sorrel, (Slide 2) clover, (Slide 3)

Burdock, (Slide 4) knotweed (Slide 5) and bell, (Slide 6)

Dandelion, (Slide 7) lily of the valley tail (Slide 8)

What else?

Plantain, (Slide 9) cornflowers, (Slide 10)

Nettle, (Slide 11) mint, (Slide 12) marigold. (Slide 13)

Many more different herbs

Along the paths, near the grooves.

Both beautiful and fluffy!

Colorful and fragrant.

Guys, let's play the game “Find out and tell.” The teacher turns on the multimedia projector, and the children name the plant and talk about it using a description algorithm.

The teacher complements the children’s answers and clarifies for what diseases this or that plant is used. For example: gargle with a decoction of chamomile or calendula for a sore throat; plantain leaves are applied to the wound; A soothing tea is brewed from mint. Burdock roots are brewed, and then the head is washed with the decoction in case of hair loss.

Doctor Pilyulkin appears:Hello guys! What are you doing here? (Children's answers). Well done! Do you know how to properly collect medicinal herbs? (The children answer, and Pilyulkin complements their answers).

Firstly: you need to treat medicinal herbs with care when you collect them, do not pull them out by the roots, do not knock down the flowers. We need to take care of nature.

Secondly: When collecting plants, you should not touch your face with your hands, put your hands in your mouth, or taste the leaves or roots of plants. After collecting, be sure to wash your hands with soap.

Third: the collected herbs must be dried, protected from direct sunlight and stored in bags or boxes in well-ventilated areas so that they retain their medicinal properties.

Are you probably tired of sitting? let's have a physical education session and play.

Repeat the movements after me.

In the field I walk, raising my legs (walking in place with a high knee lift)

I'll lean closer to the flowers

I will see all their beauty,

Delicate wonderful aroma

I'm glad to feel it too! (bend over, take a few breaths through your nose)

I won’t pick flowers (straighten up, turn your head to the right - left)