All about the Eurasian Economic Union. Eurasian Economic Union of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization for regional economic integration that has international legal personality and was established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union.

List of member countries of the Customs Union in 2018

The EAEU ensures freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in sectors of the economy.

The member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation.

The EAEU was created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies and creating conditions for stable development in the interests of improving the living standards of the population of the member states.

Customs Union of the EAEU

The EAEU Customs Union is a form of trade and economic integration of the participating countries, providing for a single customs territory within which customs duties and economic restrictions are not applied in mutual trade in goods, with the exception of special protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures. At the same time, member countries of the Customs Union apply uniform customs tariffs and other regulatory measures when trading with third countries.

The single customs territory of the Customs Union consists of the territories of the member countries of the Customs Union, as well as artificial islands, installations, structures and other objects over which the member states of the Customs Union have exclusive jurisdiction.

Member countries of the Customs Union:

• Kazakhstan - from July 1, 2010
• Russia - from July 1, 2010
• Belarus - since July 6, 2010
• Armenia - since October 10, 2014
• Kyrgyzstan - since May 8, 2015

Officials of the member states of the Customs Union have repeatedly stated that they view this organization as open to the entry of other countries. Negotiations are already underway with some countries to join the Customs Union, so it is likely that the territory of the Customs Union will soon be significantly expanded.

Technical regulation in the EAEU Customs Union

Technical regulation is one of the key elements of integration of the member states of the Customs Union.

The mechanisms contained in technical regulation make it possible to eliminate numerous, in many cases artificially created, technical barriers to trade, which are a serious problem for business. This is helped by the legal framework created over the past few years, including thanks to the efforts of specialists from the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Within the framework of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Community, the following main international agreements have been adopted to date, designed to simplify the movement of goods on the territory of the participating states:

• Agreement on the implementation of a coordinated policy in the field of technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• Agreement on common principles and rules of technical regulation;
• Agreement on the basis of harmonization of technical regulations;
• Agreement on the application of the Unified Mark of Product Circulation on the market of the EAEU Member States;
• Agreement on the creation of an EAEU information system in the field of technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• Agreement on the circulation of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity in the territory of the Customs Union;
• Agreement on mutual recognition of accreditation of certification bodies (conformity assessment) and testing laboratories (centers) performing conformity assessment work.

You can obtain detailed information about technical regulation in the EAEU Customs Union from a special brochure prepared by specialists of the Eurasian Economic Commission:

Eurasian Economic Union

1. Participation in work to improve the customs legislation of the EAEU, including in the development and implementation of the provisions of the EAEU Customs Code

The main area of ​​cooperation between the customs services of the member states Eurasian Economic Union(EAEU) currently means improving the legal framework in the field of customs regulation.

On January 1, 2018, the EAEU Customs Code comes into force. The Federal Customs Service of Russia is actively involved in the preparation of draft EEC decisions provided for by the new code.

The customs services of 5 countries work closely together within the framework of meetings of the Advisory Committee on Customs Regulation under the EEC, as well as in work to coordinate draft decisions of the EEC.

2. Participation in the work of the Joint Board of Customs Services of the Member States of the Customs Union

The Joint Board of Customs Services of the Member States of the Customs Union (hereinafter referred to as the Joint Board) coordinates the practical actions of the customs services of the EAEU member states within the framework of the application of uniform principles of customs administration, acts as a platform for discussion and development of mutually acceptable unified solutions, as well as the prompt resolution of problems in the field of customs affairs.

The Joint Board was formed in accordance with the Agreement between the governments of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation dated June 22, 2011. In 2015, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan acceded to the Treaty.

The Chairman of the Joint Board is the head of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation.

The Deputy Chairmen of the Joint Board are the heads of customs services of all EAEU member states.

The functions of the working apparatus - the Secretariat of the Joint Board - are performed by the customs service of the Russian Federation.

The main objectives of the Joint Board are:

— coordination of the activities of the customs services of countries within the EAEU;

— participation in the formation of a unified legal framework of the EAEU on customs issues in terms of the competence of national customs services;

— ensuring uniform application of the customs legislation of the EAEU within its competence;

— ensuring a unified procedure for organizing customs clearance and customs control of goods and vehicles and promoting the implementation of customs policy in the single customs territory of the EAEU.

Under the Joint Board, 9 working groups have been created in the most important areas of customs administration, including on the classification of goods, protection of intellectual property, on customs examination and expert research, on the development of a risk management system in the customs authorities of the EAEU member states, on the development and application of customs control after the release of goods, on improving the procedure for administering customs and other payments collected by customs authorities, and other issues.

The creation of the Joint Board made it possible to effectively, promptly and on uniform principles resolve a wide range of practical issues of the functioning of the Union, develop common customs technologies and apply them uniformly.

In 2017, 4 meetings of the Joint Board were held, as a result of which 99 decisions were made on issues of practical interaction between the customs services of the EAEU member states, simplification of customs administration and unity of law enforcement practice.

RSS feeds of the Russian Federal Customs Service website

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Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Eurasian Union (EAC), full title Eurasian Economic Union - project of a union of sovereign states with a single political [source not specified 1112 days] , economic, military and customs space, proposed to be created on the basis of the union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus and the corresponding sectoral close integration structures of the CIS - EurAsEC, SES, CSTO, Customs Union.
History of the Eurasian Union project

Eurasian Union Belor. Eurasian Union Kaz. Eurasia Odagy
date of creation	2013 -2015 Declaration of foundation: 11/18/2011 EEA: 01/01/2012
Largest cities(over 1 million)	Moscow, St. Petersburg, Minsk, Novosibirsk, Alma-Ata, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Omsk, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa, Volgograd, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, Voronezh
Member States	Countries that signed the declaration on the creation of the Eurasian Union: Belarus Kazakhstan Candidates: Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan
official languages	Russian, Kazakh, Belarusian
Management Eurasian Economic Commission	Victor Khristenko
Territory	1st in the world 20,030,748 km²
Population Total ( 2012 ) - Density	7th in the world 169 880 000 (2012) 8.36 people/km²
GDP (PPP) Total ( 2011 )	6th in the world $2.720 trillion
Currencies	Evraz Russian ruble Belarusian ruble Kazakhstani tenge
Timezone	UTC from +3 to +12
Telephone codes	7 (Russia, Kazakhstan) 375 (Belarus)
Official site	absent

Due to the collapse of the USSR at the end of the 20th century, a need arose among the public and a number of politicians in some former Soviet republics to restore close integration. At the beginning of the 21st century, the idea of ​​post-Soviet Eurasian integration and new Eurasianism became widespread again, and its most famous supporters and ideologists are: the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev, Russian President Vladimir Putin, philosophers and political scientists Alexander Dugin, Alexander Panarin, Sergey Gavrov, Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov and many others.

The need to create a Eurasian Union was first written about in the 20s and 30s. 20th century classical Eurasians - N. S. Trubetskoy, P. N. Savitsky and G. V. Vernadsky. They saw this as a gradual transformation of the Soviet Union into the Eurasian Union, by changing the communist ideology to the Eurasian one.

The first such detailed project for the Union of Soviet Republics of Europe and Asia - the European-Asian Union - was proposed even before the collapse of the USSR by Academician A.D. Sakharov.

During the collapse of the USSR, another project for creating a confederal Union of Sovereign States was not implemented; only a poorly integrated international (interstate) association, the Commonwealth of Independent States, was created.

According to the following detailed project of March 1994, the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev It was assumed that initially the Eurasian Union would include five republics of the former USSR: Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In the future, other states may join the Union - Armenia, Uzbekistan, Moldova, as well as, possibly, self-proclaimed post-Soviet states - Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, Russia and Belarus first created the Community, and then Union State, however, the need for a broader such Union remained.

The process of creating sectoral integration structures of the CIS was dynamic, but the project of the Eurasian Union remained only on paper until new life was breathed into it at the EurAsEC summit in December 2010. In the fall of 2011, the Eurasian Union project received a new impetus from the publication of the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin articles “A new integration project for Eurasia - the future that is being born today” (2011). Putin, and after him United Russia leader Boris Gryzlov, in the article “The Future is Ours” in Nezavisimaya Gazeta, argued that the creation of the Eurasian Union will allow Russia to become another global pole of influence.

2010

After the formation of the Customs Union in December 2010, at the EurAsEC summit in Moscow, agreements were reached on the creation of the Eurasian Union on the basis of the Common Economic Space of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. As stated by the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev,

We agreed (not immediately and not without difficulty) to create a Eurasian Union with Kazakhstan and Belarus. A very important decision. Let's develop together.

Medvedev did not rule out the possibility of including Kyrgyzstan in the union:

Our new union and now the Common Economic Space - they will be open to the entry of other countries... This means that we extend a hand of cooperation to our closest neighbors, our friends, thereby creating conditions for them to modernize the economy and improve the quality of life of people.

2011

The movement forward is intensive, we expect that next year we will sign the declaration of the Eurasian Union, which can and should begin its activities in 2013.

On October 3, 2011, an article written personally appeared in the Izvestia newspaper Vladimir Putin. In it, the author discusses the creation of the Eurasian Union on the basis of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, “capable of becoming one of the poles of the modern world.”

I am convinced that the creation of the Eurasian Union and effective integration is the path that will allow its participants to take their rightful place in the complex world of the 21st century. Only together can our countries become among the leaders of global growth and civilizational progress and achieve success and prosperity. .

Moscow would like to create a single currency of the Eurasian Union with a single emission center.

October 19, 2011 heads of state Eurasian Economic Community decided to join Kyrgyzstan Customs Union, which currently includes Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. This was announced during a meeting of the heads of the EurAsEC countries by the organization's Secretary General Tair Mansurov.

“Somewhere at the turn of 2015, we may approach, if we act as energetically as we have worked so far, the implementation of the idea of ​​​​creating the Eurasian Union.”

On October 16, 2011, at a meeting of the interstate council of the Eurasian Economic Community (the highest body of the Customs Union) at the level of heads of government, Kazakhstan blocked the name “Eurasian Union”. The draft union is sent for revision.

On October 24, 2011, the largest parliamentary party of communists in Moldova called on the authorities to take a course towards joining the Eurasian Union, without abandoning European integration.

November 18, 2011, in Moscow, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko and head of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev signed a declaration on Eurasian economic integration.

year 2012

On January 1, 2012, on the territory of the three member countries of the Customs Union, the Common Economic Space (SES) began to operate. The SES integration agreements, adopted on November 18, 2011, will come into full effect in July 2012. The purpose of the formation of the SES is to create conditions for the stable and effective development of the economies of the participating states and improve the living standards of the population.

Following the creation of the Customs Union and the formation of the Common Economic Space, the partner states intend to begin creating a supranational - Eurasian - parliament, State Duma Chairman Sergei Naryshkin said during a working visit to St. Petersburg.

In recent years, integration processes have been actively taking place in the CIS space, he explained, a Customs Union and a single economic space have already been created, which will become the basis for the formation of the future Eurasian Union.

The new supranational structure will require, according to Naryshkin, transparent and understandable economic and other legislation. However, those supranational bodies that are currently being formed or have already been created, for example, the Eurasian Economic Commission, “cannot and should not take on parliamentary tasks.” They will have to be resolved by the supranational parliament.

It is still premature to talk about the structure of the future legislative body of the Eurasian Union. According to preliminary data, work on its creation will begin with the formation of a special parliamentary commission in the State Duma, which will develop a certain legislative procedure for the formation of a supranational parliament for Russia. In the future, it is planned to create a working group from among Russian parliamentarians, which, together with colleagues from Belarus and Kazakhstan, will begin to develop comprehensive proposals on issues of unified economic legislation for further discussion.

On September 18, 2012, the Majilismen of the Kazakhstan Parliament rejected the idea of ​​​​creating a unified Eurasian Parliament. The head of the Committee on International Affairs, Defense and Security of the Mazhilis, Maulen Ashimbaev, and the secretary of the Nur Otan People's Democratic Party, Erlan Karin, voiced their principled position. Politicians stated:

Despite all attempts to speed up the creation of supranational political structures, in reality, such a formulation of the issue is not and will not be on the general agenda. I will say even more - the creation of a supranational political structure cannot be discussed by us in principle, since this directly affects the sovereignty of our country. And the principle of sovereignty is clearly enshrined in the Constitution, and, moreover, according to the laws of our country, such issues cannot even be submitted to a national referendum.

At the moment, the Eurasian Dialogue discussion platform has been created at the European Club, which is designed to find future problematic issues in the creation of the Eurasian Union and, if possible, solve them.

November 4, 2012, National Unity Day, Eurasian Youth Union and the Eurasia Party announced the start of preparations for an all-Russian referendum on the creation of the Eurasian Union, which is scheduled for 2013. The organizing committee invited all public and political organizations in Russia to join the initiative, and the collection of signatures in support of it began.

On December 19, 2012, Advisor to the President of Russia Sergei Glazyev stated that the issue of introducing a single currency within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union has been discussed several times, but there is no positive decision yet. And then he made the following statement:

Within the framework of the Customs Union, the dominance of the ruble naturally occurs. ...
If we exclude the dollar and the euro, in which payments are still made mainly for energy resources, the weight of the ruble in the mutual trade of the three states is about 90%. .

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has announced her intention to prevent the creation of a “new version of the Soviet Union” under the guise of economic integration. .

year 2013

The heads of the two states discussed the program of bilateral cooperation for 2013-2015, the progress in creating the Common Economic Space and progress towards the Eurasian Economic Union. The next contact between the two presidents will take place in the fall in Yekaterinburg during the traditional annual Forum of Border Regions. At this meeting, Nazarbayev said:

We have given instructions to prepare a new Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation; I hope we will sign it in Yekaterinburg this fall.

Vladimir Putin, in turn, noted that “the volume of our cooperation is very large, it is constantly growing and this is for the benefit of our economies, our peoples.” “The countries have developed very good integration experience,” the Russian president stated.

Expansion history

Members

2013-2015

Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia

The three supposed first founding members of the Eurasian Union, having the highest degree of integration in the CIS - Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus - completed the creation by 2010 Customs Union, by January 1, 2012 of the Common Economic Space.

The Customs Union, EAEU, is an agreement adopted by members of the Eurasian Economic Union, the purpose of which is to abolish customs duties in trade relations. Based on these agreements, common ways of carrying out economic activities are created. Let's find out which countries were included in the list in 2019.

The Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union or CU EAEU is a customs union of member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Before the creation of the EAEU in 2015, it was a customs union of only three countries (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan) from among the participating countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - and thus was a Customs Union based on the Eurasian Economic Community, membership in which was optional for participating countries EurAsEC. When the EAEU was created (unlike its predecessor, the EurAsEC), the common customs union became an integral part of the EAEU, and all EAEU member countries automatically enter the Customs Union from the moment they join the EAEU. At the same time, the member countries of the Customs Union applied (before the formation of the EAEU on January 1, 2015) and continue to apply common customs tariffs and other regulatory measures when trading with third countries.

EAEU in 2019, list of countries

All countries of the EAEU customs space apply a single, coordinated approach to customs procedures and goods imported and exported across the borders of the Customs Union. Also, throughout the territory of the Customs Union, equal rights for citizens of participating countries in employment are assumed.

The participants of the Customs Union are currently members of the EAEU:

• Republic of Armenia;
• Republic of Belarus;
• The Republic of Kazakhstan;
• Republic of Kyrgyzstan;
• Russian Federation.

Syria and Tunisia announced their intention to join the CU, and a proposal was voiced to admit Turkey into the Union. However, nothing is known about specific actions to implement these intentions.

EAEU-2019, who controls

One of the important goals of the Customs Union is the joint protection of the domestic market of the Customs Union, as well as the creation of favorable conditions for the production and sale, primarily, of domestic products of the Union member countries. At this point in the program, mutual understanding between states turned out to be somewhat less than in matters of mutual trade. Each country had its own priorities in the development of production, while protecting the interests of neighbors sometimes had a negative impact on importing enterprises and the population.

The management and coordination bodies in the EAEU are:

• The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is a supranational body consisting of the heads of state of the EAEU members;
• The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a permanent regulatory body of the EAEU. The competence of the EEC includes, among other things, issues of international trade and customs regulation.

It would be fair to say that the Customs Union is one of the stages of a plan to strengthen economic ties between some states in the territory of the former USSR. In a certain sense, this can be seen as the restoration of once existing economic and technological chains, taking into account new political and economic realities.

An important aspect of the EAEU’s activities has become the system of centralized distribution of customs duties paid when crossing the borders of the Common Economic Space.

• Russia accounts for 85.33% of the total;
• Kazakhstan receives – 7.11%;
• Belarus – 4.55%;
• Kyrgyzstan – 1.9%;
• Armenia – 1.11%.

In addition, the Customs Union has a mechanism for coordinated collection and distribution of indirect taxes. Thus, in its current state, the Customs Union is a way of economic integration of the states that are members of the EAEU.

Official information about the Customs Union can be obtained on the website of the Eurasian Economic Union - eurasiancommission.org.

Page Content

On January 1, the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) came into force. The agreement approves the creation of an economic union, within which the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor is ensured, and the implementation of a coordinated, agreed or unified policy in the sectors of the economy defined by this document and international treaties within the Union.

The Treaty on the EAEU was signed by the Presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation on May 29, 2014 in Astana. In addition to these three states, members of the Union will also include the Republic of Armenia, which signed the Treaty of Accession to the Union on October 10, 2014, and the Kyrgyz Republic, which signed a similar Treaty on December 23, 2014.

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization for regional economic integration with international legal personality.

The Union is called upon to create conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in the interests of improving the living standards of their populations, as well as for comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The EAEU carries out its activities within the competence granted to it by the member states in accordance with the Treaty on the Union, on the basis of respect for the generally recognized principles of international law, including the principles of sovereign equality of the member states and their territorial integrity; based on respect for the peculiarities of the political structure of the member states; on the basis of ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation, equality and taking into account the national interests of the parties; based on compliance with the principles of a market economy and fair competition.

The main body of the Union is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the heads of member states. SEEC meetings are held at least once a year. The structure of the EAEU bodies is also formed by the Intergovernmental Council at the level of heads of government, the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Court of the Union.

Reference:

Bodies of the Union:

The Supreme Council is the highest body of the EAEU, which includes the Presidents of the Union member states.

The Intergovernmental Council is a body of the Union, which includes the Prime Ministers of the member states, which considers strategically important issues of the development of Eurasian economic integration.

The EAEU Court is a judicial body of the Union that ensures the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Board of the Commission. The main objectives of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the EAEU.

The Council of the Commission includes the Deputy Prime Ministers of the Union member states.

The composition of the EEC Board is formed by the Chairman and Ministers of the Commission.

The main functional innovations of the Treaty on the EAEU in comparison with the stages of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space:

The Treaty on the EAEU cemented the agreement of the member states to pursue a coordinated energy policy and the formation of common energy markets (electricity, gas, oil and petroleum products) on the basis of common principles. The document assumes that this task will be implemented in several stages and finally completed by 2025: the formation of a common electricity market is expected to be completed by 2019, and a common hydrocarbon market by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU defines the regime for regulating the circulation of medicines and medical devices - within the Union, by January 1, 2016, a common market for medicines and a common market for medical products (medical products and medical equipment) will be created.

The Agreement defines the main priorities of transport policy in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union for the long term. The parties agreed on a step-by-step liberalization of transport transportation on the territory of the newly created Union, which, first of all, concerns road and rail transport.

An agreement was reached on the formation and implementation of a coordinated agro-industrial policy. It is important that the implementation of policies in other areas of integration interaction, including in the field of ensuring sanitary, phytosanitary and veterinary-sanitary measures in relation to agricultural products, will be carried out taking into account the goals, objectives and directions of the agreed agro-industrial policy.

The effective functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union cannot be imagined without the implementation of a coordinated macroeconomic policy, which provides for the development and implementation of joint actions of the Union member states in order to achieve balanced economic development. According to the Treaty, the main directions of implementing a coordinated macroeconomic policy are the formation of common principles for the functioning of the economies of the Union member states, ensuring their effective interaction, as well as the development of general principles and guidelines for forecasting the socio-economic development of the Parties.

To ensure coordinated regulation of financial markets, based on the results of step-by-step harmonization of legislation, the EAEU member states agreed on the need to create a single supranational body for regulating the financial market by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU assumes that from January 1, 2015, a single market for services will begin to function in a number of sectors defined by the Union member states. At the same time, the national regime is laid down as a basis, i.e. the state is obliged to adopt a full-fledged national regime in relation to the service provider and partner countries; there cannot be any restrictions. In the future, the Parties will strive to maximize the expansion of these sectors, including through a gradual reduction of exemptions and restrictions, which will certainly strengthen the Eurasian integration project.

According to the Treaty on the EAEU, the single market for services within the Union operates in service sectors approved by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council at the level of heads of state on the basis of agreed proposals of the member states and the Commission. Based on the Treaty, by decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council on December 23, 2014, lists of service sectors were approved in which the single market will begin to function on January 1, 2015. Currently, according to proposals from Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, more than 40 service sectors can be included in the list of services (construction services, services in the field of wholesale/retail trade, services related to agriculture, including sowing, processing, harvesting of crops, etc.) . The list of sectors in which the rules of the single market for services must be ensured is subject to gradual and agreed upon expansion. In service sectors where a single market for services does not operate, providers and recipients of services are provided with national and most favored nation treatment, and quantitative and investment restrictions are not applied.

From January 1, 2015, a common labor market will begin to function in the territories of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia; will be implementedfreedom of movement of labor. Citizens of these states will work under the same conditions: tworkers of the EAEU member states will not need to obtain work permits within the Union.With the creation of a common labor market, citizens of the EAEU countries can directly experience the benefits of the Eurasian Economic Union. Mutual recognition of diplomas will be carried out automatically from January 1, 2015. Income tax for individuals who are citizens of the EAEU member states will be paid at the internal resident rate from the first days of employment. Citizens of the EAEU countries will stopfill out migration cards when crossing the internal borders of the EAEU countries,if their stay does not exceed 30 days from the date of entry. In addition, workers and members of their family are exempt from the obligation to register (register) with internal affairs bodies for a period of stay of up to 30 days.

Another important innovation of the Treaty on the EAEU: the possibility of applying national treatment for citizens of all four countries in terms of social security, including medical care. In each country within the EAEU, all medical services guaranteed by the state will be equally available to all citizens of the Union countries. (We are talking, first of all, aboutfree provision of emergency medical services).

As for pensions, the Treaty on the EAEU includes an obligation to resolve the issue of exporting pensions and crediting work experience accumulated in another member state of the Union. Currently, the EEC, together with the Parties, is working on a Pension Agreement, which will come into force after 2015.

An international integration economic association (union), the agreement on the creation of which was signed on May 29, 2014 and comes into force on January 1, 2015.

Source: https://docs.eaeunion.org/ru-ru/

Composition of the EAEU

The union included Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus.

The EAEU was created on the basis of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) to strengthen the economies of the participating countries and “bring closer to each other”, to modernize and increase the competitiveness of the participating countries in the world market. The EAEU member states plan to continue economic integration in the coming years.

History of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

In 1995, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and later joining states - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the first agreements on the creation of the Customs Union. Based on these agreements, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was created in 2000.

On October 6, 2007, in Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the Customs Union Commission as a single permanent governing body of the Customs Union.

The Eurasian Customs Union or the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia was born on January 1, 2010. The customs union was launched as the first step towards the formation of a broader European Union-type economic union of former Soviet republics.

The creation of the Eurasian Customs Union was guaranteed by 3 different treaties signed in 1995, 1999 and 2007.

The first agreement in 1995 guaranteed its creation, the second in 1999 guaranteed its formation, and the third in 2007 announced the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of a customs union.

Access of products to the territory of the Customs Union was granted after checking these products for compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union that are applicable to these products.

As of December 2012, 31 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union have been developed, which cover various types of products, some of which have already entered into force, and some of which will enter into force before 2015. Some technical regulations will still be developed.

Before the Technical Regulations came into force, the basis for access to the market of the member countries of the Customs Union were the following rules:

1. National certificate - for product access to the market of the country where this certificate was issued.
2. Certificate of the Customs Union - a certificate issued in accordance with the “List of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity within the Customs Union” - such a certificate is valid in all three member countries of the Customs Union.

Since November 19, 2011, member states have implemented the work of a joint commission (Eurasian Economic Commission) to strengthen closer economic ties to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015.

On January 1, 2012, the three states formed the Common Economic Space to promote further economic integration. All three countries have ratified a basic package of 17 agreements governing the launch of the Common Economic Space (CES).

On May 29, 2014, an agreement on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union was signed in Astana (Kazakhstan).

On January 1, 2015, the EAEU began to function as part of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. On January 2, 2015, Armenia became a member of the EAEU. Kyrgyzstan has announced its intention to participate in the EAEU.

Economy of the Eurasian Economic Union

The macroeconomic effect from the integration of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan into the EAEU is created due to:

• Reduced prices for goods due to reduced costs of transporting raw materials or exporting finished products.
• Stimulating “healthy” competition in the common market of the EAEU through an equal level of economic development.
• Increasing competition in the common market of the member countries of the Customs Union, thanks to the entry of new countries into the market.
• Increase in average wages due to reduced costs and increased labor productivity.
• Increasing production due to increased demand for goods.
• Increasing the well-being of the people of the EAEU countries, thanks to lower food prices and increased employment.
• Increasing the return on investment of new technologies and products due to increased market volume.

At the same time, the signed version of the agreement on the creation of the EAEU was of a compromise nature, and therefore a number of planned measures were not implemented in full. In particular, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and the Eurasian Economic Court did not receive broad powers to monitor compliance with the agreements. If the EEC resolutions are not implemented, the controversial issue is considered by the Eurasian Economic Court, whose decisions are only advisory in nature, and the issue is finally resolved at the level of the Council of Heads of State. In addition, pressing issues on the creation of a unified financial regulator, on energy trade policy, as well as on the problem of the existence of exemptions and restrictions on trade between EAEU members were postponed until 2025 or indefinitely.

Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

The governing bodies of the EAEU are the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the highest supranational body of the EAEU. The council includes heads of state and government. The Supreme Council meets at the level of heads of state at least once a year, at the level of heads of government - at least twice a year. Decisions are made by consensus. The decisions taken become binding in all participating states. The Council determines the composition and powers of other regulatory structures.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is one permanent regulatory body (supranational governing body) in the EAEU. The main task of the EEC is to provide conditions for the development and functioning of the EAEU, as well as the development of economic integration initiatives within the EAEU.

The powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission are defined in Article 3 of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Commission of November 18, 2010. All rights and functions of the previously existing Customs Union Commission were delegated to the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The competence of the Commission includes:

• customs tariffs and non-tariff regulation;
• customs administration;
• technical regulation;
• sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• crediting and distribution of import customs duties;
• establishment of trade regimes with third countries;
• statistics of foreign and domestic trade;
• macroeconomic policy;
• competition policy;
• industrial and agricultural subsidies;
• energy policy;
• state and municipal procurement;
• domestic trade in services and investment;
• transport and transportation;
• monetary policy;
• intellectual property and copyright;
• migration policy;
• financial markets (banking, insurance, foreign exchange and stock markets);
• and some other areas.

The Commission ensures the implementation of international treaties that form the legal basis of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The Commission is also the depository of international treaties that formed the legal basis of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space, and now the EAEU, as well as decisions of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council.

Within its competence, the Commission adopts non-binding documents, for example, recommendations, and can also make decisions that are binding in the EAEU member countries.

The Commission's budget is made up of contributions from member states and approved by the heads of EAEU member states.