The book sphere of communication is expressed through an artistic style - a multi-tasking literary style that has developed historically and stands out from other styles through means of expressiveness.

Artistic style serves literary works and aesthetic human activity. The main goal is to influence the reader with the help of sensory images. Tasks by which the goal of the artistic style is achieved:

• Creating a living picture that describes the work.
• Transferring the emotional and sensory state of the characters to the reader.

Features of artistic style

Artistic style has a purpose of emotional impact on a person, but it is not the only one. The general picture of the application of this style is described through its functions:

• Figurative-cognitive. Presenting information about the world and society through the emotional component of the text.
• Ideological and aesthetic. Maintaining the system of images through which the writer conveys the idea of ​​the work to the reader awaits a response to the plot's concept.
• Communicative. Expressing the vision of an object through sensory perception. Information from the artistic world is connected with reality.

Signs and characteristic linguistic features of artistic style

To easily identify this style of literature, let’s pay attention to its features:

• Original syllable. Due to the special presentation of the text, the word becomes interesting without contextual meaning, breaking the canonical patterns of text construction.
• High level of text organization. Dividing prose into chapters and parts; in a play - division into scenes, acts, phenomena. In poems, metric is the size of the verse; stanza - the study of the combination of poems, rhyme.
• High level of polysemy. The presence of several interrelated meanings for one word.
• Dialogues. The artistic style is dominated by the speech of characters as a way of describing phenomena and events in the work.

The literary text contains all the richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language. The presentation of the emotionality and imagery inherent in this style is carried out using special means called tropes - linguistic means of expressive speech, words in a figurative meaning. Examples of some tropes:

• Comparison is part of the work, with the help of which the character’s image is complemented.
• Metaphor is the meaning of a word in a figurative sense, based on an analogy with another object or phenomenon.
• An epithet is a definition that makes a word expressive.
• Metonymy is a combination of words in which one object is replaced by another on the basis of spatiotemporal similarity.
• Hyperbole is a stylistic exaggeration of a phenomenon.
• Litota is a stylistic understatement of a phenomenon.

Where is the fiction style used?

The artistic style has absorbed numerous aspects and structures of the Russian language: tropes, polysemy of words, complex grammatical and syntactic structure. Therefore, its general scope of application is enormous. It also includes the main genres of works of art.

The genres of artistic style used are related to one of the genres that express reality in a special way:

• Epic. Shows external unrest, the author’s thoughts (description of storylines).
• Lyrics. Reflects the author's inner emotions (the experiences of the characters, their feelings and thoughts).
• Drama. The presence of the author in the text is minimal, there is a large number of dialogues between the characters. Such works are often made into theatrical productions. Example - Three sisters A.P. Chekhov.

These genres have subtypes, which can be divided into even more specific varieties. Basic:

Epic genres:

• Epic is a genre of work in which historical events predominate.
• A novel is a large manuscript with a complex plot line. All attention is paid to the life and fate of the characters.
• A short story is a work of smaller volume that describes the life story of a hero.
• A story is a medium-sized manuscript that has the plot features of a novel and a short story.

Lyric genres:

• Ode is a solemn song.
• An epigram is a satirical poem. Example: A. S. Pushkin “Epigram on M. S. Vorontsov.”
• Elegy is a lyrical poem.
• A sonnet is a poetic form of 14 lines, the rhyme of which has a strict construction system. Examples of this genre are common in Shakespeare.

Genres of dramatic works:

• Comedy - the genre is based on a plot that makes fun of social vices.
• Tragedy is a work that describes the tragic fate of heroes, the struggle of characters and relationships.
• Drama – has a dialogue structure with a serious storyline showing the characters and their dramatic relationships with each other or with society.

How to define a literary text?

It is easier to understand and consider the features of this style when the reader is provided with a literary text with a clear example. Let's practice determining what style of text is in front of us using an example:

“Marat’s father Stepan Porfiryevich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from a family of Astrakhan binders. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Mikhelson plant in Moscow, machine gun courses in Petrograd ... "

Main aspects confirming the artistic style of speech:

• This text is based on conveying events from an emotional point of view, so there is no doubt that this is a literary text.
• The means used in the example: “a revolutionary whirlwind blew out, dragged” is nothing more than a trope, or rather, a metaphor. The use of this trope is inherent only in literary texts.
• An example of a description of a person’s fate, environment, social events. Conclusion: this literary text belongs to the epic.

Any text can be analyzed in detail using this principle. If the functions or distinctive features described above immediately catch the eye, then there is no doubt that this is a literary text.

If you find it difficult to deal with a large amount of information on your own; the basic means and features of a literary text are not clear to you; sample assignments seem difficult - use a resource such as a presentation. A ready-made presentation with illustrative examples will clearly fill gaps in knowledge. The area of ​​the school subject “Russian language and literature” is served by electronic sources of information on functional speech styles. Please note that the presentation is succinct and informative and contains explanatory means.

Thus, once you understand the definition of artistic style, you will better understand the structure of works. And if a muse visits you and you want to write a work of art yourself, follow the lexical components of the text and the emotional presentation. Good luck with your studies!

Language fiction sometimes mistakenly called literary language*. However, in reality, what is characteristic of artistic speech is that all linguistic means can be used here, and not only units of functional varieties of the literary language, but also elements of vernacular, social and professional jargons, and local dialects. The writer subordinates the selection and use of these means to the aesthetic goals that he strives to achieve by creating his work.

In a literary text, various means of linguistic expression are fused into a single, stylistically and aesthetically justified system, to which normative assessments attached to individual functional styles of the literary language are not applicable.

One of the features of the artistic style is the use of figurative language to accomplish the tasks set by the artist ( It's a sad time! The charm of the eyes... - A. Pushkin). The word in artistic speech is a means of creating images and acts as a means of the artistic meaning of the work.

The selection of words, phrases, and the construction of the entire work of art are subject to the author’s intention.

To create an image, a writer can use even the simplest linguistic means. So in A. Chekhov’s story “The Long Tongue,” the character of the heroine, deceitful, stupid, frivolous, is created through the repetition of words in her speech (But, Vasechka, what mountains there are! Imagine high, high mountains, a thousand times higher than church... Above there is fog, fog, fog... Below there are huge stones, stones, stones...).

Literary speech has a high emotional ambiguity, the author in one text can deliberately “collide” different meanings of the same word (The one who, having sipped passion, only drank mud. - M. Tsvetaeva).

The meaning of a literary work is multi-valued, hence the possibility of different readings of a literary text, different interpretations, and different assessments.

We can say that artistic style activates the entire arsenal of linguistic means.

Features of conversational style.

The conversational style is so different from all others that scientists have even proposed a different name for it - colloquial speech. The conversational style corresponds to the everyday sphere of communication, uses the oral form, allows all types of speech (monologue, dialogue, polylogue), the method of communication here is personal. In the colloquial style, in contrast to the oral form of other styles, deviations from literary pronunciation are quite significant.

The colloquial variety of the literary language is used in various types of everyday relationships between people, subject to ease of communication. Conversational speech is distinguished from bookish and written speech not only by its form, but also by such features as unpreparedness, unplannedness, spontaneity, and direct contact between participants in communication.

The spoken variety of the literary language, unlike the bookish and written one, is not subject to targeted normalization, but it has certain norms as a result of speech tradition. This type of literary language is not so clearly divided into speech genres. However, here, too, various speech features can be distinguished - depending on the conditions in which communication takes place, on the relationship of the participants in the conversation, etc.

Naturally, a lot of everyday vocabulary is used in a conversational style ( kettle, broom, apartment, sink, faucet, cup). Many words have a connotation of disdain, familiarity, condescension ( get pissed off - learn, scald - talk).

In this style, many words acquire a “multicomponent” meaning, which is very clearly seen in the examples: How are you? -Fine. How was your trip? -Fine. No headache? -Fine. To yousimple hamburger or double? Thissimple socks or synthetic? Please give me a general notebook andsimple .

Gerunds and participles are almost never used in conversational style, but particles are used very often here, well, that means as well as simple, non-union complex and incomplete sentences.

The vocabulary of conversational style is predominantly of everyday content, specific. Conversational style is characterized by economy of speech means (five-story building, condensed milk, utility room, Kat, Van, etc.). Phraseologisms that are expressive and depressing are actively used (like water off a duck's back, play a box that is difficult to lift, play the fool, wash your hands, etc.). Words with different stylistic connotations are used (interweaving of bookish, colloquial, colloquial words) - the Zhiguli car is called “Zhiguli”, “Zhiguli”.

With apparent freedom in choosing words and constructing sentences, the conversational style is characterized by a large number of standard phrases and expressions. This is natural, because Everyday situations (traveling by transport, communicating at home, shopping in a store, etc.) are repeated, and along with them, linguistic ways of expressing them are fixed.

Literary-artistic style is a functional style of speech that is used in fiction. This style affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the richness of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, and is characterized by imagery and emotionality of speech.

In a work of art, a word not only carries certain information, but also serves to have an aesthetic impact on the reader with the help of artistic images. The brighter and more truthful the image, the stronger its impact on the reader. In their works, writers use, when necessary, not only words and forms of the literary language, but also outdated dialect and colloquial words. The emotionality of an artistic style differs significantly from the emotionality of colloquial and journalistic styles. It performs an aesthetic function. Artistic style presupposes a preliminary selection of linguistic means; All language means are used to create images. A distinctive feature of the artistic style of speech can be called the use of special figures of speech, which add color to the narrative and the power of depicting reality.

The means of artistic expression are varied and numerous. These are tropes: comparisons, personification, allegory, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, etc. And stylistic figures: epithet, hyperbole, litotes, anaphora, epiphora, gradation, parallelism, rhetorical question, silence, etc.

Trope - in a work of art, words and expressions used in a figurative meaning in order to enhance the imagery of language and the artistic expressiveness of speech.

Main types of trails:

Metaphor is a trope, word or expression used in a figurative meaning, which is based on an unnamed comparison of an object with some other on the basis of their common characteristic. Any part of speech in a figurative meaning.

Metonymy is a type of trope, a phrase in which one word is replaced by another, denoting an object that is in one way or another connected with the object that is denoted by the replaced word. The replacement word is used in a figurative sense. Metonymy should be distinguished from metaphor, with which it is often confused, while metonymy is based on the replacement of the word “by contiguity,” and metaphor by “by similarity.” A special case of metonymy is synecdoche.

An epithet is a definition of a word that affects its expressiveness. It is expressed mainly by an adjective, but also by an adverb (“to love dearly”), a noun (“fun noise”), and a numeral (“second life”).

An epithet is a word or an entire expression, which, due to its structure and special function in the text, acquires some new meaning or semantic connotation, helps the word (expression) gain color and richness. It is used both in poetry (more often) and in prose.

Synecdoche is a trope, a type of metonymy, based on the transfer of meaning from one phenomenon to another based on the quantitative relationship between them.

Hyperbole is a stylistic figure of obvious and deliberate exaggeration, with the aim of enhancing expressiveness and emphasizing the said thought.

Litotes is a figurative expression that diminishes the size, strength, and significance of what is being described. Litotes is called an inverse hyperbola. (“Your Pomeranian, lovely Pomeranian, is no bigger than a thimble”).

Comparison is a trope in which one object or phenomenon is compared to another according to some characteristic common to them. The purpose of comparison is to identify new properties in the object of comparison that are important for the subject of the statement. (“A man is stupid as a pig, but cunning as the devil”; “My home is my fortress”; “He walks like a gogol”; “An attempt is not torture”).

In stylistics and poetics, it is a trope that descriptively expresses one concept using several.

Periphrasis is an indirect mention of an object by description rather than naming.

Allegory (allegory) is a conventional depiction of abstract ideas (concepts) through a specific artistic image or dialogue.

• 1. Historically established system of speech means used in one or another sphere of human communication; a type of literary language that performs a specific function in communication:
• 1) Functional style of speech.
• 2) Scientific style of speech.

The functional style of speech is a historically established system of speech means used in one or another sphere of human communication; a type of literary language that performs a specific function in communication.

• 2. The functional style of speech of a literary language, which is characterized by a number of features: preliminary consideration of the statement, monologue character, strict selection of linguistic means, tendency towards standardized speech:
• 1) Scientific style of speech.
• 2) Functional style of speech.
• 3) Official business style of speech.
• 4) Journalistic style of speech.

The scientific style of speech is a functional style of speech of a literary language, which is characterized by a number of features: preliminary consideration of the statement, monologue character, strict selection of linguistic means, and a tendency towards standardized speech.

• 3. If possible, the presence of semantic connections between successive units (blocks) of text:
• 1) Logic.
• 2) Intuition.
• 3) Sensory.
• 4) Deduction.

Logicity is, if possible, the presence of semantic connections between successive units (blocks) of text.

• 4. Functional style of speech, a means of written communication in the field of business relations: in the field of legal relations and management:
• 1) Scientific style of speech.
• 2) Functional style of speech.
• 3) Official business style of speech.
• 4) Journalistic style of speech.

The official business style of speech is a functional style of speech, a means of written communication in the field of business relations: in the field of legal relations and management.

• 5. Functional style of speech, which is used in the following genres: article, essay, report, feuilleton, interview, pamphlet, oratory:
• 1) Scientific style of speech.
• 2) Functional style of speech.
• 3) Official business style of speech.
• 4) Journalistic style of speech.

The journalistic style of speech is a functional style of speech that is used in the following genres: article, essay, report, feuilleton, interview, pamphlet, oratory.

• 6. The desire to inform people about the latest news as soon as possible:
• 1) Information function of journalistic style.
• 2) Information function of the scientific style.
• 3) Information function of official business style.
• 4) Information function of the functional style of speech.

The informational function of the journalistic style is the desire to inform people about the latest news as soon as possible.

• 7. The desire to influence people's opinions:
• 1) The influencing function of the journalistic style of speech.
• 2) The influencing function of the scientific style.
• 3) The influencing function of the official business style.
• 4) The influencing function of the functional style of speech.

The influencing function of the journalistic style of speech is the desire to influence people's opinions.

• 8. Functional style of speech, which serves for informal communication, when the author shares his thoughts or feelings with others, exchanges information on everyday issues in an informal setting:
• 1) Conversational speech.
• 2) Literary speech.
• 3) Artistic speech.
• 4) Report.

Colloquial speech is a functional style of speech that serves for informal communication, when the author shares his thoughts or feelings with others, exchanges information on everyday issues in an informal setting.

• 9. Functional style of speech, which is used in fiction:
• 1) Literary and artistic style.
• 2) Official business style.
• 3) Scientific style.
• 4) Functional style.

Literary-artistic style is a functional style of speech that is used in fiction.

• 10. Formal business speech is characterized by:
• 1) strict compliance with literary norms.
• 2) lack of expressive elements.
• 3) use of colloquial syntactic structures.
• 4) use of professional slang words.

Official business speech is characterized by: strict compliance with literary norms and the absence of expressive elements.

artistic speech stylistics Russian

The specificity of the artistic style of speech, as a functional one, lies in the fact that it is used in fiction, which performs a figurative-cognitive and ideological-aesthetic function. Unlike, for example, the abstract, objective, logical-conceptual reflection of reality in scientific speech, fiction is characterized by a concrete figurative representation of life. A work of art is characterized by perception through the senses and re-creation of reality; the author strives, first of all, to convey his personal experience, his understanding or comprehension of a particular phenomenon. But in a literary text we see not only the world of the writer, but also the writer in this world: his preferences, condemnations, admiration, rejection, and the like. Associated with this is the emotionality and expressiveness, metaphor, and meaningful diversity of the artistic style of speech.

The main goal of artistic style is to master the world according to the laws of beauty, satisfy the aesthetic needs of both the author of a work of art and the reader, and have an aesthetic impact on the reader with the help of artistic images.

The basis of the artistic style of speech is the literary Russian language. The word in this functional style performs a nominative-figurative function. The number of words that form the basis of this style, first of all, includes figurative means of the Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context. These are words with a wide range of usage. Highly specialized words are used to an insignificant extent, only to create artistic authenticity when describing certain aspects of life.

The artistic style differs from other functional styles in that it uses the linguistic means of all other styles, but these means (which is very important) appear here in a modified function - in an aesthetic one. In addition, in artistic speech not only strictly literary, but also extra-literary means of language can be used - colloquial, slang, dialect, etc., which are also not used in the primary function, but are subordinate to an aesthetic task.

The word in a work of art seems to be doubled: it has the same meaning as in the general literary language, as well as an additional, incremental one, associated with the artistic world, the content of this work. Therefore, in artistic speech, words acquire a special quality, a certain depth, and begin to mean more than what they mean in ordinary speech, while remaining outwardly the same words.

This is how ordinary language is transformed into artistic language; this, one might say, is the mechanism of action of the aesthetic function in a work of art.

The peculiarities of the language of fiction include an unusually rich, varied vocabulary. If the vocabulary of scientific, official business and colloquial speech is relatively limited thematically and stylistically, then the vocabulary of artistic style is fundamentally unlimited. The means of all other styles can be used here - terms, official expressions, colloquial words and expressions, and journalism. Of course, all these various means undergo aesthetic transformation, fulfill certain artistic tasks, and are used in unique combinations. However, there are no fundamental prohibitions or restrictions regarding vocabulary. Any word can be used if it is aesthetically motivated and justified.

We can say that in artistic style all linguistic means, including neutral ones, are used to express the poetic thought of the author, to create a system of images of a work of art.

The wide range in the use of speech means is explained by the fact that, unlike other functional styles, each of which reflects one specific aspect of life, the artistic style, being a kind of mirror of reality, reproduces all spheres of human activity, all phenomena of social life. The language of fiction is fundamentally devoid of any stylistic closure; it is open to any styles, any lexical layers, any linguistic means. This openness determines the diversity of the language of fiction.

In general, artistic style is usually characterized by imagery, expressiveness, emotionality, authorial individuality, specificity of presentation, and the specificity of the use of all linguistic means.

It influences the reader’s imagination and feelings, conveys the author’s thoughts and feelings, uses all the richness of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, and is characterized by imagery, emotionality, and specificity of speech. The emotionality of an artistic style differs significantly from the emotionality of a colloquial style, since the emotionality of artistic speech performs an aesthetic function.

A broader concept is the language of fiction: the artistic style is usually used in the author's speech, but the characters' speech may also contain other styles, such as colloquial.

The language of fiction is a kind of mirror of literary language. Rich literature means rich literary language. Great poets and writers create new forms of literary language, which are then used by their followers and all those who speak and write in this language. Artistic speech appears as the pinnacle achievement of language. In it, the possibilities of the national language are presented in the most complete and pure development.

Art style how the functional style finds application in fiction, which performs figurative-cognitive and ideological-aesthetic functions. To understand the features of the artistic way of knowing reality, of thinking, which determines the specifics of artistic speech, it is necessary to compare it with the scientific way of knowing, which determines the characteristic features of scientific speech.

Fiction, like other forms of art, is characterized by concrete-figurative representation of life in contrast to the abstract, logical-conceptual, objective reflection of reality in scientific speech. A work of art is characterized by perception through the senses and re-creation of reality , the author strives to convey, first of all, his personal experience, his understanding and comprehension of a particular phenomenon.

Typical for an artistic style of speech attention to the particular and random , behind which the typical and general can be traced. Remember “Dead Souls” by N.V. Gogol, where each of the landowners shown personified certain specific human qualities, expressed a certain type, and together they were the “face” of the author’s contemporary Russia.

World of Fiction- this is a “recreated” world, the depicted reality is, to a certain extent, the author’s fiction, which means that in the artistic style of speech the subjective moment plays the most important role. The entire surrounding reality is presented through the author's vision. But in an artistic text we see not only the world of the writer, but also the writer in the artistic world: his preferences, condemnations, admiration, rejection, etc. Associated with this is emotionality and expressiveness, metaphor, and meaningful diversity of the artistic style of speech.

The lexical composition and functioning of words in the artistic style of speech have their own characteristics . The number of words that form the basis and create the imagery of this style includes, first of all, figurative means of the Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context. These are words with a wide range of usage. Highly specialized words are used to a small extent, only to create artistic authenticity when describing certain aspects of life.

In the artistic style of speech, the polysemy of words is very widely used. , which opens up additional meanings and shades of meaning, as well as synonymy at all linguistic levels, making it possible to emphasize the subtlest shades of meaning. This is explained by the fact that the author strives to use all the riches of the language, to create his own unique language and style, to create a bright, expressive, figurative text. The author uses not only the vocabulary of the codified literary language, but also a variety of figurative means from colloquial speech and vernacular.

They come to the fore in a literary text emotionality and expressiveness of the image . Many words that in scientific speech appear as clearly defined abstract concepts, in newspaper and journalistic speech - as socially generalized concepts, in artistic speech - as concrete sensory representations. Thus, the styles functionally complement each other. Artistic speech, especially poetic speech, is characterized by inversion, that is, a change in the usual word order in a sentence in order to enhance the semantic significance of a word or give the entire phrase a special stylistic coloring. An example of inversion is the famous line from A. Akhmatova’s poem “I still see Pavlovsk as hilly...”. The author's word order options are varied and subordinate to the general concept.

In artistic speech, deviations from structural norms are also possible, due to artistic actualization, i.e., the author highlighting some thought, idea, feature that is important for the meaning of the work. They can be expressed in violation of phonetic, lexical, morphological and other norms.

In terms of diversity, richness and expressive capabilities of linguistic means, the artistic style stands above other styles and is the most complete expression of the literary language.
As a means of communication, artistic speech has its own language - a system of figurative forms expressed by linguistic and extralinguistic means. Artistic speech, along with non-artistic speech, performs a nominative-figurative function.

Linguistic features of artistic style of speech

1. Heterogeneity of the lexical composition: a combination of book vocabulary with colloquial, vernacular, dialect, etc.

The feather grass has matured. The steppe for many miles was dressed in swaying silver. The wind took it elastically, flowing, roughened, lumpy, and drove bluish-opal waves to the south, then to the west. Where the flowing air stream ran, the feather grass bowed prayerfully, and a blackened path lay for a long time on its gray ridge.
Various grasses have bloomed. On the ridges of the ridge there is a joyless burnt-out wormwood. The nights faded quickly. At night, countless stars shone in the charred black sky; the month - the Cossack sun, darkened by the damaged sidewall, shone sparingly, whitely; The spacious Milky Way intertwined with other star paths. The astringent air was thick, the wind was dry and wormwood; the earth, saturated with the same bitterness of the all-powerful wormwood, yearned for coolness.(M.A. Sholokhov)

2. Use of all layers of Russian vocabulary in order to realize the aesthetic function.

Daria hesitated for a minute and refused:
- No, no, I'm alone. I'm there alone.
She didn’t even know where “there” was and, leaving the gate, headed towards the Angara. (V. Rasputin)

3. Activity of polysemantic words all stylistic varieties of speech.

The river is seething in a lace of white foam.
Poppies are blooming red on the velvet meadows.
At dawn frost was born.
(M. Prishvin).

4. Combinatorial increments of meaning (B. Larin)

Words in an artistic context receive new semantic and emotional content, which embodies the author’s figurative thought.

I caught the departing shadows in my dreams,
The fading shadows of the fading day.
I climbed the tower. And the steps shook.
And the steps trembled under my feet
(K. Balmont)

5. Greater preference for using concrete vocabulary and less preference for abstract vocabulary.

Sergei pushed the heavy door. The porch step whimpered barely audibly under his foot. Two more steps - and he is already in the garden.
The cool evening air was filled with the intoxicating aroma of blooming acacia. Somewhere in the branches a nightingale trilled iridescently and subtly.

6. A minimum of generic concepts.

Another piece of advice that is essential for a prose writer. More specifics. The more precise and specific the object is named, the more expressive the imagery is.
You: " Horses chew corn. The peasants are preparing morning food", "made noise birds“... In the artist’s poetic prose, which requires visible clarity, there should be no generic concepts, unless this is dictated by the very semantic task of the content... Oats better than grain. Rooks more appropriate than birds(Konstantin Fedin)

7. Wide use of folk poetic words, emotional and expressive vocabulary, synonyms, antonyms.

The rosehip, probably, had been creeping up the trunk to the young aspen since spring, and now, when the time had come for the aspen to celebrate its name day, it all burst into red, fragrant wild roses.(M. Prishvin).

“New Time” was located in Ertelev Lane. I said “fit.” That's not the right word. Reigned, dominated.(G. Ivanov)

8. Verb speech science

The writer names each movement (physical and/or mental) and change of state in stages. Pumping up verbs activates reading tension.

Gregory came down to Don, carefully climbed over through the fence of the Astakhovsky base, came up to the shuttered window. He heard only frequent heartbeats...Quiet knocked in the binding of the frame... Aksinya silently came up to the window, looked closely. He saw how she pressed hands to chest and heard an inarticulate moan escaped her lips. Grigory is familiar showed so that she opened window, stripped off rifle. Aksinya opened it doors He became on the ground, Aksinya’s bare hands grabbed his neck. They are like that trembled And fought on his shoulders, those dear hands that make them tremble transmitted and Gregory.(M.A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”)

The dominant features of the artistic style are the imagery and aesthetic significance of each of its elements (down to sounds). Hence the desire for freshness of the image, unhackneyed expressions, a large number of tropes, special artistic (corresponding to reality) accuracy, the use of special expressive means of speech characteristic only of this style - rhythm, rhyme, even in prose a special harmonic organization of speech.

The artistic style of speech is characterized by imagery and extensive use of figurative and expressive means of language. In addition to its typical linguistic means, it uses means of all other styles, especially colloquial. In the language of artistic literature, colloquialisms and dialectisms, words of a high, poetic style, slang, rude words, professional business figures of speech, and journalism can be used. HOWEVER, ALL THESE MEANS IN THE ARTISTIC STYLE OF Speech ARE SUBJECT TO ITS BASIC FUNCTION – AESTHETIC.

If the colloquial style of speech primarily performs the function of communication (communicative), scientific and official business function of message (informative), then the artistic style of speech is intended to create artistic, poetic images, emotional and aesthetic impact. All linguistic means included in a work of art change their primary function and are subordinate to the objectives of a given artistic style.

In literature, language occupies a special position, since it is that building material, that matter perceived by hearing or sight, without which a work cannot be created. An artist of words - a poet, a writer - finds, in the words of L. Tolstoy, “the only necessary placement of the only necessary words” in order to correctly, accurately, figuratively express a thought, convey the plot, character, make the reader empathize with the heroes of the work, and enter the world created by the author.
All this is accessible ONLY TO THE LANGUAGE OF FICTION, which is why it has always been considered the pinnacle of literary language. The best in language, its strongest capabilities and rarest beauty are in works of fiction, and all this is achieved through the artistic means of language.

The means of artistic expression are varied and numerous. You are already familiar with many of them. These are tropes such as epithets, comparisons, metaphors, hyperboles, etc.

Trails– a figure of speech in which a word or expression is used in a figurative meaning in order to achieve greater artistic expressiveness. The trope is based on a comparison of two concepts that seem close to our consciousness in some respect. The most common types of tropes are allegory, hyperbole, irony, litotes, metaphor, metomy, personification, periphrasis, synecdoche, comparison, epithet.

For example: What are you howling about, night wind, what are you madly complaining about - personification. All flags will visit us - synecdoche. A man the size of a fingernail, a boy the size of a finger – litotes. Well, eat a plate, my dear - metonymy, etc.

Expressive means of language include stylistic figures of speech or just figures of speech : anaphora, antithesis, non-union, gradation, inversion, polyunion, parallelism, rhetorical question, rhetorical appeal, silence, ellipsis, epiphora. The means of artistic expression also include rhythm (poetry And prose), rhyme, intonation .